Test 2 Flashcards
Cell (protect) & nuclear membrane (regulates), what is it made of, function?
Cell membrane is made of thin sheets and phospholipids & proteins.
Function–protect the interior of cell by allows certain substances into the cell, while keeping others out.
Nuclear–is a double-layered lining that encloses a cell nucleus
Function– is to regulate substances in and out a cell especially between the nucleus and the cytoplasm
Difference & similar in prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells.
Pro= has no nucleus, been around before eukaryotic, bacteria and archaea, consigns DNA
eur= has nucleus! plants & animals
Both of them are cells
A) Passive transport(non energy)
B) Active transport (energy)
A) Substances Move across a cell membrane without using energy
B) Movement of substance against its concentration (low to high), uses energy
Diffusion
High to low con.
Molecules spread into an open space until equal
3 types of passive transport
- diffusion (high to low con.)
- osmosis-water
- facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Low to high con.
Water (solvent) molecules move freely across permeable membrane where solute (sugar) con. Is higher
3 types active transport
- sodium potassium pump
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
Photosynthesis reaction
6CO2 + 6H2O —–> glucose ( C6H12O6) + 6O2
Define, hypertonic, hypotonic, & Isotonic
A) cell has more water, less solute(sugar) than its environment
(Higher concentration on outside)
b) cell has more water less solute (sugar) than its environment
(Higher concentration on inside)
C) cell that has equal amount of water and solute as it’s environment
(Equal concentration on inside)
What has proteins embedded in the bilayer of phospholipids, has oily consistency & can move things laterally through bilayer?
Fluid Mosaic Model
Functions of the 3 active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis & sodium potassium pump…
–Endocytosis- move large or sets of v molecules inside cell
–exocytosis- move large cells or molecules outside of cell
–sodium potassium pump- use energy pump 3 sodium ions out cytoplasm. Move 2 potassium ions in the cytoplasm.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Carry
Helps molecules cross membrane, accomplished by carrier proteins… NO ENERGY USED
What is heterotroph or autotroph?
Heterotroph( human or animal)
Autotroph (plant)
H– cannot produce own food & must eat other organisms to live
A– organism that creates their own food
What does ATP mean?
What’s its function?
Adenosine Triphosphate
– stores energy for our body to use, transport energy to various cells in the body.
Where does Glycosis, Kreb’s Cycle, & Electron Transport system take place?
How much energy does each one produce?
Glycosis= Cytoplasm,---4 ATP but uses 2, so 2 ATP.. Kreb's= mitochondria matrix--- 2 ATP... ETS= mitochondrial membrane--- 32 ATP
Difffference between Aerobic & anaerobic
Aerobic- form of cellular respiration that requires oxygen in order to generate energy.
Anaerobic- respiration that does not use energy
Oxidation Reduction
Transferred
Electrons & their energy are transferred from one atom to another
Parts of ATP.
1) adenine- 2bonded rings of carbon & hydrogen
2) ribose- sugar
3) phosphate
Catabolic (breaks, produces)
Anabolic (builds)
Catabolic- breaks down large molecules to produce energy.
Anabolic- create large molecules out of smaller molecules.
1) What are enzymes?
2) How many substrates can enzymes pair with at a time?
3) Reactants in an enzymatic chemical reaction is called?
1) Organic catalyst that speed up metabolic reactions.
2) Enzymes can only pair with 1 substrates because of its unique shape.
3) Substrate
Catalysts?
Where is a catalase enzyme found?
Chemicals that speed up rate of biochemical reactions
IN ALL LIVING CELLS, ESP. EUKARYOTIC CELL.
