Chapter 2: The Chemistry Of Life

Question 0

Mass

Answer 0

The amount of matter in an object

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that takes up space and has mass, composed of Atoms

Question 2

What are 3 Subatomic Particles?

Answer 2

• • Protons (+)
• • Neutrons (neu)
• -Electrons (-)

Question 3

What two particles are in the nucleus of the atom.

Answer 3

• • protons

- -neutrons

Question 4

Which particle orbits the nucleus?

Answer 4

Electrons

Question 5

Atomic Mass (weight)

Answer 5

Average mass of all isotopes

Question 6

Elements

Answer 6

Pure substance made up of entirely one atom

CANT BE CHANGED INTO SIMPLIER SUBSTANCE

Represented by symbol of 1 or 2 letters

Question 7

What is the horizontal row in a periodic table called?

Left to right

Answer 7

Period

Question 8

What is the vertical row in a periodic table called?

Up & down

Answer 8

Group or family

Question 9

How are elements arranged?

Answer 9

Atomic #

Question 10

What does the zigzag line divides in the periodic table?

Answer 10

Metals from non metals..

Left side- metals
Right side- non metals

Question 11

Valence electrons

Answer 11

Electrons in the outermost energy shell

Question 12

Energy

Answer 12

Ability to do work

Question 13

Name 2 types of energy?

Answer 13

Potential Energy (not using) stored energy available to do work

Kinetic Energy- Energy of motion

Question 14

Isotope

Same #, diff #

Answer 14

2 or more atoms of the same element that has the same # of protons but different # of neurons

Question 15

Molecules

Joined

Answer 15

2 or more atoms joined by chemical bond

Question 16

Temperature

Answer 16

Average speed of molecules in a substance

Question 17

What is heat?

Answer 17

Measure of total kinetic energy of molecules

Question 18

What are the 3 phases of matter?

Answer 18

Solids, Liquids, & Gas..

1) Solids- strong attractive forces, low kinetic energy, little to no molecular movement
2) Liquids- enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces, more molecular energy
3) Gas- high kinetic energy, no attractive forces, maximum movement

Question 19

Define chemical changes?

Answer 19

Forms new kind of matter

–new substance–

Question 20

What is a chemical reaction?

Create

Answer 20

Create different chemical substances by forming & breaking chemical bonds

Question 21

2 types of chemical bonds are:

Answer 21

Ionic bonds- “ I give” or “I take”

Covalent bonds- (shared)

Question 22

Ionic bond

Hetero-

Answer 22

An attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

Question 23

Atoms with charge are called?

Answer 23

Ion

Question 24

Covalent Bond

Answer 24

Formed by sharing of electrons

Question 25

Name 2 types of Covalent Bond.

Answer 25

-- Single Covalent Bond- only one pair of electrons are shared --Double Covalent Bond- 2 pairs of electron shared

Question 26

Hydrogen Bond | Pole

Answer 26

(+) hydrogen end of one polar molecule is attracted to the (-) end of another polar molecule.

Question 27

Mixture | What do u mix with Kool aid

Answer 27

Matter that contains 2 or more substances that are not in set proportions

Question 28

Solution

Answer 28

A homogeneous mixture of molecules of 2 or more substances Components are distributed equally

Question 29

Solvent | Liquid

Answer 29

Substance present in the largest amount | Frequently solvent is a liquid

Question 30

Solutes | Sugar,salt

Answer 30

Substances present in smaller amounts

Question 31

What is composed of 2 or more different substances that are combined physically NOT CHEMICALLY?

Answer 31

Mixture

Question 32

Can mixtures heterogeneous or homogeneous?

Answer 32

Both

Question 33

What is a heterogenous mixture? Give an example. | What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example.

Answer 33

Heterogenous Mixture-components of the mixture can be easily identified Ex: oil and water. If put together the oil will separate and you can identify which is what. Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) -substances are equally mixed and cannot be identified by the visual eye Ex: Kool aid and sugar. When mixed properly you cannot tell the sugar from Kool aid mix.

Question 34

High Surface Tension | Together

Answer 34

Water molecules stick together Capillary action moves water through streams, soils, animals & plants

Question 35

High Heat of Vaporization

Answer 35

A LOT. Of heat is required to break the hydrogen bonds holding together

Question 36

Unusual Density Properties

Answer 36

--Ice is less dense than water, so ice floats -- Allows aquatic life to survive in cold climates

Question 37

Universal Solvent

Answer 37

Many things can be dissolved in water

Question 38

Oxidation Reduction Reaction

Answer 38

Reactions in which electrons and their energy are transferred from one atom to another Oxidation-- atom loses electron Reduction-- atom gains an electron

Question 39

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction | To make

Answer 39

When 2 small molecules are joined to form a larger molecule. A molecule of water is released

Question 40

Hydrolysis Reaction | Broken

Answer 40

When a larger molecule is BROKEN DOWN in smaller parts. - -water molecule is split - - opposite of a dehydration synthesis

Question 41

Phosphorylation Reaction | Added to others

Answer 41

When phosphate groups are added to other molecules

Question 42

Acid Base Reaction | What 2 ions interact

Answer 42

When ions from an acid interact with ions from a base

Question 43

Acid | Release

Answer 43

Ionic compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) into a solution

Question 44

Base | Release OH-

Answer 44

Compounds that release hydroxide ions into a solution

Question 45

Ph

Answer 45

A measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration