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Biology 100 > Chapter 2: The Chemistry Of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: The Chemistry Of Life Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter in an object

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass, composed of Atoms

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2
Q

What are 3 Subatomic Particles?

A
    • Protons (+)
    • Neutrons (neu)
  • -Electrons (-)
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3
Q

What two particles are in the nucleus of the atom.

A
    • protons

- -neutrons

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4
Q

Which particle orbits the nucleus?

A

Electrons

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5
Q

Atomic Mass (weight)

A

Average mass of all isotopes

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6
Q

Elements

A

Pure substance made up of entirely one atom

CANT BE CHANGED INTO SIMPLIER SUBSTANCE

Represented by symbol of 1 or 2 letters

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7
Q

What is the horizontal row in a periodic table called?

Left to right

A

Period

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8
Q

What is the vertical row in a periodic table called?

Up & down

A

Group or family

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9
Q

How are elements arranged?

A

Atomic #

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10
Q

What does the zigzag line divides in the periodic table?

A

Metals from non metals..

Left side- metals
Right side- non metals

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11
Q

Valence electrons

A

Electrons in the outermost energy shell

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12
Q

Energy

A

Ability to do work

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13
Q

Name 2 types of energy?

A

Potential Energy (not using) stored energy available to do work

Kinetic Energy- Energy of motion

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14
Q

Isotope

Same #, diff #

A

2 or more atoms of the same element that has the same # of protons but different # of neurons

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15
Q

Molecules

Joined

A

2 or more atoms joined by chemical bond

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16
Q

Temperature

A

Average speed of molecules in a substance

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17
Q

What is heat?

A

Measure of total kinetic energy of molecules

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18
Q

What are the 3 phases of matter?

A

Solids, Liquids, & Gas..

1) Solids- strong attractive forces, low kinetic energy, little to no molecular movement
2) Liquids- enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces, more molecular energy
3) Gas- high kinetic energy, no attractive forces, maximum movement

19
Q

Define chemical changes?

A

Forms new kind of matter

–new substance–

20
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

Create

A

Create different chemical substances by forming & breaking chemical bonds

21
Q

2 types of chemical bonds are:

A

Ionic bonds- “ I give” or “I take”

Covalent bonds- (shared)

22
Q

Ionic bond

Hetero-

A

An attraction between 2 oppositely charged ions

23
Q

Atoms with charge are called?

A

Ion

24
Q

Covalent Bond

A

Formed by sharing of electrons

25
Q

Name 2 types of Covalent Bond.

A

– Single Covalent Bond- only one pair of electrons are shared

–Double Covalent Bond- 2 pairs of electron shared

26
Q

Hydrogen Bond

Pole

A

(+) hydrogen end of one polar molecule is attracted to the (-) end of another polar molecule.

27
Q

Mixture

What do u mix with Kool aid

A

Matter that contains 2 or more substances that are not in set proportions

28
Q

Solution

A

A homogeneous mixture of molecules of 2 or more substances

Components are distributed equally

29
Q

Solvent

Liquid

A

Substance present in the largest amount

Frequently solvent is a liquid

30
Q

Solutes

Sugar,salt

A

Substances present in smaller amounts

31
Q

What is composed of 2 or more different substances that are combined physically NOT CHEMICALLY?

A

Mixture

32
Q

Can mixtures heterogeneous or homogeneous?

A

Both

33
Q

What is a heterogenous mixture? Give an example.

What is a homogeneous mixture? Give an example.

A

Heterogenous Mixture-components of the mixture can be easily identified

Ex: oil and water. If put together the oil will separate and you can identify which is what.

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) -substances are equally mixed and cannot be identified by the visual eye

Ex: Kool aid and sugar. When mixed properly you cannot tell the sugar from Kool aid mix.

34
Q

High Surface Tension

Together

A

Water molecules stick together

Capillary action moves water through streams, soils, animals & plants

35
Q

High Heat of Vaporization

A

A LOT. Of heat is required to break the hydrogen bonds holding together

36
Q

Unusual Density Properties

A

–Ice is less dense than water, so ice floats

– Allows aquatic life to survive in cold climates

37
Q

Universal Solvent

A

Many things can be dissolved in water

38
Q

Oxidation Reduction Reaction

A

Reactions in which electrons and their energy are transferred from one atom to another

Oxidation– atom loses electron
Reduction– atom gains an electron

39
Q

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

To make

A

When 2 small molecules are joined to form a larger molecule.

A molecule of water is released

40
Q

Hydrolysis Reaction

Broken

A

When a larger molecule is BROKEN DOWN in smaller parts.

  • -water molecule is split
    • opposite of a dehydration synthesis
41
Q

Phosphorylation Reaction

Added to others

A

When phosphate groups are added to other molecules

42
Q

Acid Base Reaction

What 2 ions interact

A

When ions from an acid interact with ions from a base

43
Q

Acid

Release

A

Ionic compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) into a solution

44
Q

Base

Release OH-

A

Compounds that release hydroxide ions into a solution

45
Q

Ph

A

A measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration

Biology 100 (10 decks)

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