Cells

Question 0

What are 3 major cell types?

Answer 0

Plant, animal & prokaryotic cell.

Question 1

Cell wall
(Outer)

Protoplasma
(In)

What does the nucleus contain, cytoplasm, & organelles contain?

Answer 1

Outer non-living part of the plant cell & bacteria.

Interior living portion of the cell.

Nucleus- genetic info of cell
Cytoplasm-fluid part of protoplasm
Organelle-“little organs” within protoplasm

Question 2

Cell membrane are:

Fluid-mosaic model ( layer that goes around)

Answer 2

Composed of phospholipid layer, keeps things in & out cell

Fluid mosaic model
Fluid ( oily consistency, things can move within bilayer)
Mosaic (proteins embedded within phospholipid bilayer)

Question 3

Endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.)
( resembles coral reef)

Answer 3

Consists of folded membranes & tubes throughout cell, provides large surface area for important chemical reactions. Can fit in small areas because it’s folded

Question 4

2 types of E.R.

Answer 4

Rough E.R.- ribosomes on surface, sites of protein synthesis

Smooth E.R.- lacks ribosomes, metabolizes fats, detoxifies damaging chemicals

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Stacks of flattened sacs, packages & ships things out

Question 6

Lysosomes

pH 5

Answer 6

Vesicles containing enzymes that eat & digest macromolecules

Question 7

Vacuoles & vesicles both are storage organelles, how do they differ?

Answer 7

Vacuoles- large, storage center holds water, salt & proteins- much smaller in animal cells than in plant cells

Vesicles- smaller vacuoles, store, transport or digest cellular products & waist

Question 8

Nuclear membrane

Answer 8

Goes around nucleus, separates genetic info. from everything else

Question 9

Chloroplasts

Plant

Answer 9

Sac-like organelle, contains chlorophyll, & perform photosynthesis

Question 10

Name 4 non membranous. Organelles

No membranes surround organelles

Answer 10

• ribosomes
• cytoskeleton
• centrioles
• cilia, flagella

Question 11

Ribosomes, what are they made of?

Make proteins

Answer 11

Found free floating in cytoplasm, attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Made of RNA & Proteins

Question 12

Cytoskeleton, name 3 things it’s made of?

Shape

Answer 12

Provides shape, support, and movement

Microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Question 13

Centrioles

Answer 13

2 sets of Microtubules arranged at right angles to each other, located I region called centersome

Question 14

Difference between passive & active transport?

Answer 14

Passive-process in which substances move across cell membrane without using energy from cell

Active- movement of a substance against its concentration gradient (low to high), uses energy

Question 15

What is:
A) endocytosis
B)exocytosis

Answer 15

A) moves large molecules or sets of molecules in the cell

B) moves large molecules or sets of molecules out the cell

Question 16

Flagella ( resembles sperm)

Cilia ( hair)

Answer 16

Flagella- long & few in #, moves with a whip like motion

Cilia-small & numerous, moves back & forth like cars on the boat

Question 17

Nuclear components

in nucleus

Answer 17

Contains chromatin, DNA & proteins,becomes condensed in cell division into chromosomes

Question 18

Diffusion

Answer 18

Tendency of molecules to spread into an available space.(high concentration to low concentration)

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

Water diffuses from hypotonic( low solute con.) to a hypertonic ( high solute con.)

Question 20

If a cell has more water (less solute(sugar) than its_______

If a cell has less water (more solute(sugar) than its ________

If a cell has equal amounts of of water and (solute(sugar) than its_____

Answer 20

A. Hypotonic

B. hypertonic

C. Isotonic

Question 21

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 21

Helping molecules across membrane, no energy used