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World Civ 1 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Greek Characteristics

A

Geography impacts how they develop-most of the terrain is rugged, little good farm land. Isolation plays a big role. They’re never unified, political unity is hard

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2
Q

City-State Process

A

1) Monarchy-King/Queen rules, then they’re overthrown by nobles/aristocrats
2) Oligarchy-When nobility and aristocrats rule. They begin to take advantage of the common man.
3) Tyranny-One individual would rebel in the name of the people

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3
Q

Mycenaeans

A

Culture of the odyssey and Iliad, warrior based society(militaristic), Trojan war,

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4
Q

Hienrich Schliemann

A

Used the Iliad as a geographical guide and found the Mycenaean culture, found Troy

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5
Q

Sparta

A

Got stuck in stage 2, militaristic state, individualism not valued, state controls your life, no encouragement of the arts or creativity, Sparta=live

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6
Q

Athens

A

Gets to stage 4 quickly, creator of democracy, big separation between rich and poor, Solon (sulan) solves their problem

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7
Q

Draco

A

Writes laws down in Athens so the rich can’t change it (equality before law)

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8
Q

Solon (Sulan)

A

Considered wisest man in Greek history, both classes came to him for advice, suggested cancellation of debts for debtors so the poor wouldn’t start a war, solved the immediate problem, his long term solution was to let the poor help in making laws

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9
Q

Cliesthenes

A

Believed public should have a voice in making laws, democracy=vote, good public speaker (persuasion)

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10
Q

Pericles

A

In charge of Athens, wins 45 elections, entire time named after him, great idea for political and economic power=Delian league, proposes that the smaller states send troops or money to Athens to build an army to fight the Persians, helped strengthen Athens

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11
Q

Phillip of Macedonia (and his reforms)

A

Greeks look down in Macedonians as savages, he is taken by Greeks and raised, sees they’re divided, military genius, sent back to homeland to rule when his father dies, massive reforms to their military, creates the first full time professional trained army with major advantages

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12
Q

Charonae

A

The Greeks last stance to defeat Phillip, but they can’t

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13
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Son of Phillip, mother arranges for assassination of Phillip, all of Alex’s rivals mysteriously disappear, comes to the throne at an early age, created largest empire the world had ever seen up to that point, created trade routes everywhere, created Alexandria and Antioch, takes Greek culture everywhere

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14
Q

Ptolemy

A

Takes Egypt (holy land) wealthiest general, one of the two most important generals to rule after Alex

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15
Q

Seleucids

A

Takes 2/3 of Alex’s empire (Iran, Iraq, Syria, turkey, India), no good successors they kept losing territory.

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16
Q

Thales

A

First great Greek philosopher, said water was the essence of the universe

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17
Q

Anaximenes

A

Said the air/atmosphere was the essence of the universe

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18
Q

Anaximander

A

Said something unknown, but tangible was the essence of the earth

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19
Q

Parmenides

A

Permanence/continuity was the essence

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20
Q

Heraclitus

A

Constantly evolving/changing world is the essence of the universe

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21
Q

Democritus

A

World consists of tiny atoms that hold everything together, early version of atomic theory, actually correct, but his school wasn’t very important

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22
Q

Prutagorus

A

Various shades of gray, everything is relative (situational ethics), no absolute truth, first lawyers(for a fee they would argue anything)

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23
Q

Thrasymachus

A

Those who have the power make the rules (might makes right)

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24
Q

Socrates

A

First of the three moral philosophers, never wrote anything down, believed that absolute truth wS ascertained by persistent questioning, critique was public, every question was answered with a question, never held a steady job, convicted if poisoning the minds of youth and ordered to drink poison

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25
Q

Plato

A

The second of the three moral philosophers, student of Socrates, had something to say about everything, found absolute truth in concepts such as love and justice, important to education and literature, very popular, starts an academy where he teaches, republic

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26
Q

Aristotle

A

The last of the three moral philosophers, absolute truth found in senses/physical/nature, student of Plato, teacher to Alexander who introduces his ideas to the world

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27
Q

Moral philosophers

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

28
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of medicine, believed diseases had natural causes and natural cures, believed physicians should keep detailed records

29
Q

Empedocles

A

Air, water, earth, fire, are the 4 elements that have to be kept in balance

30
Q

Aristarchus

A

Astronomer, heliocentric theory that earth and planets go around the sun, huge truth about universe

31
Q

Hipparchus

A

Mathematician that came up with trigonometry, calculated solar and lunar eclipses

32
Q

Archimedes

A

Developed calculus and pie

33
Q

Euclid

A

Geometry

34
Q

Eratosthenes

A

Map maker, calculated slope and size of earth (only off about a 10th and of 1%)

35
Q

Herophilius

A

Developed anatomy, asked how does the body work, dissected prisoners to see where everything was

36
Q

Marathon

A

This is the battle where the Athenian army didn’t get help from those around them and had 1/3 the size of the Persian army but they were still able to defeat them because they encircled them and were better at hand to hand combat with their weapons

37
Q

Peloponesian War

A

Smaller-city states rise up with Sparta to take on Athens because they are still taking their money for a war that had ended. Athens loses this war because Pericles dies, their leadership switches sides, a plague of some sort destroyed a lot of their population, and they pick on Sicily before they’re even done with this war which distracts them

38
Q

Homer

A

Wrote the Iliad and the Oddyssey. Considered the father of literature

39
Q

Sappho

A

From the island of Lesbos, Greek poetess, wrote homosexual poetry

40
Q

Aeschylus

A

Greek tragedy writer, best remembered for writing Orestia, the story of Agamemnon who put together the army for the Trojan war, risky subjects and themes

41
Q

Euripides

A

Most remembered for writing about the Trojan war from the losers perspective and didn’t glorify war

42
Q

Sophocles

A

Risky themes, wrote Antigone and Oedipus Rex

43
Q

Herodotus

A

First historian, thought it was a story, but manipulated some of the facts for the entertainment value

44
Q

Thucydides

A

Wrote about the Peloponnesian War, wanted to write about history and always wanted it to be historically correct, he would go around the check his facts before writing them

45
Q

Phidias

A

Sculptor who carved Zeus on Mt Olympus, carved in the Pantheon, was the most well known artist of the time

46
Q

Roman characteristics

A

Culturally conservative, militaristic in that it parallels with Assyria, they have a good food production zone so they always feel they need to protect that land, They’re good at administration because they have one of the longest lasting empires in history, they use others (Greek) ideas and put them to use for their own architecture

47
Q

Aristophanes

A

Greek comedy writer, writes satire about the government, had a collection of short stories called “Clouds”

48
Q

Pindar

A

Most well known lyric poet of the time, wrote poetry and then set it to music

49
Q

1st Punic War

A

Romans learn to build a navy, They get Sicily

50
Q

2nd Punic War

A

Carthage has Hannibal as a general who invades Rome from the north, this is totally unexpected, but he isn’t able to take well fortified cities, has to return home and makes the mistake of going right back into war before his troops have time to recover

51
Q

3rd Punic war

A

Carthage still exists but Romans wanted them gone, annialates city and picked up some provinces in north Africa

52
Q

Why did Rome conquer

A

They felt they had to protect their great farm land from harm and the dense population that lived and thrived on it. They had virtu which was essentially nationalism, they put a lot of their adult population into the army, Diplomacy-Divide and conquer, road system allowed them to maneuver their own empire skillfully, Roman army had huge advantages in weapons and they had a machine like army

53
Q

Gracchi brothers

A

Two brothers with the solution that since the gap between the rich and the poor was getting larger, they should give some of the land that they had conquered in their conquests to the poor and let them start over

54
Q

Hannibal

A

The general who led the Carthage army to defeat the Romans, but never won, he eventually committed suicide because he was never able to defeat the Romans

55
Q

Wars of the late Republic

A

This is when civil wars broke out in Rome, the small class farmers were mad and poor and would go with any general that offered them more money, marius v Sulla, Pompeii v Caesar, and marc antony v Octivian, Antony is distracted with Cleopatra and loses, Caesar changes his name to Augustus who expands the government and builds things and starts the Pax Romana

56
Q

Why the Roman empire decline

A

Internal factors-They had constant civil wars which were creating snowball effects, Government begins to heavily tax people which slows down the economy because they have nothing to spend, farm land destroyed from war so they starve, they’re not invading and conquering so there is no money flowing in and a lot more money flowing out for trade, their culture is changing-their work ethic disappears
External factors-they have barbarian Germanic tribes that are invading from the north to get away from the Huns, In the east, they have a new threat which is Persian who has a strong centralized power and is equal to the size of the Roman empire

57
Q

Aurelian

A

Helped get Rome out of its troubles, defeated the Germanic tribes on their north border, defeated the Persians to the east, these two groups wouldn’t be a threat again for a while, solves external and internal problems, put down rebellions, two of his advisors were embezzling money and poisoned him before he found out.

58
Q

Diocletian

A

Emphasized emperor worship and makes himself a God, last emperor to persecute Christians, divided empire into east and west so that one person ruled the entire empire, changes capital, he makes almost everyone a government employee which stimulated the economy

59
Q

Constantine

A

Remembered for converting to Christianity which is a complete reversal, connects government with the most growing religion of the time, starts a new dynasty

60
Q

Theodosius

A

Last emperor to rule the whole Roman empire, when he dies he splits it between his sons and it will never be the same, makes Christianity the official religion, closes down classical Roman religious centers, last strong capable and competent ruler of the empire

61
Q

Olmec Society

A

Little wars or violence, merchants were important and second only to priests, artisans make pottery and weave baskets, military doesn’t match up culturally which makes them succeptible to invaders

62
Q

The three periods of Mesoamerica

A

Formative
Classical
Post-classical

63
Q

Classical Mayan civ

A

South of the Olmec, artistic and intellectual ability, martriarchal values, but then a shift towards patriarchy

64
Q

Celts

A

First major people group to appear in Europe, artistic skills, creative, traditions not written down they’re passed down orally, rule north of the mountains, Rome will defeat them because they’re not organized militarily

65
Q

Aztec

A

Practiced ritualistic human sacrifice and blood-letting,

66
Q

Incas

A

Located in South America in what is modern day Chile

World Civ 1 (4 decks)

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