Test 2 Flashcards
types of Articulations (joints)
Sutures (immovable), synovial joints
synovial joints are what?
two bones are separated by a cavity lined synovial membrane produces synovial fluid.
example of hinge joints, define what it does
elbows, permits movement in one direction only
examples of ball and socket joints, define its movement
shoulder, hips; freely moveable
origin is what?
end of the muscle on a stationary bone
insertion is what?
the muscle on the bone that moves
how do we name skeletal muscles?
based on size, ex: gluteus maximus; based on shape, ex: deltoid; based on location, ex: frontalis; based on direction of muscle fibers, ex: rectus abdominis; # of attachments, ex: biceps brochi; based on action, ex: extensor (increase), flexor (decrease), abductor (move sideways), adductor (towards midline)
striations are?
made of alternating light and dark bands, made by actin and myosin filaments
what is the “sliding filament model”
the way actin and myosin slide past one another causing the muscle to contract
describe a muscle twitch
single muscle contraction that last a fraction of a second
describe tetanus AKA lock jaw
maximum sustained muscle contraction, relaxation between contraction never occurs, energy usually is deplieted
what is atrophy?
a decrease in muscle size
what is hypertrophy?
caused by forceful muscle activity over a long period of time. it increases muscle size.
describe benefits from exercise
cardio respiratory endurance (aerobic fitness), prevents some cancer, improves bone density/ muscle strength, enhances the mood and relieves depression
