test 2

Question 1

theory?

Answer 1

statement based off of much testing

Question 2

cell theory?

Answer 2

1)asic unit of organization, 2) all organisms consist of 1 or more cells, 3) all cells arise from preexsisting cells

Question 3

cell structure

Answer 3

-all cells have DNA, plasma memrane cytoplasm
cell size limitations- diffusion, surface area to volume ratio, control of cell by nucleus
gradient, moving from area of high to low concentration

Question 4

basic cell types

Answer 4

prokaryote an eukayote

Question 5

prokaryote structure

Answer 5

nucleoid region, ribosomes (no organelles), cell wall (exception genus Mycoplasma)

Question 6

eukarote cells

Answer 6

nucleus, ribosomes and organelles (membrane bound), depending on the group it may have a cell wall (if present will have cellulose of chitin)

Question 7

mycoplasma

Answer 7

no cell wall, pleomorphic (varied shape), has plasma membrane strenghtened with sterol molecules, needs outside source of cholestorol (our food, like on teeth)

Question 8

microplasma pneumoniae

Answer 8

atypical wlaking neumonia, dont show severe symptoms, 5-19 year olds,

Question 9

genus Spiroplasma

Answer 9

tiny spiral bacteria that lack cell walls, cause 100’s of type of crop/ animal diseases, difficult to culture outside of host (ticks, insects and plants) usda researcher created 80 ingredient formula that allows for the study of over 30 species in the genus

Question 10

types of prokaryotes

Answer 10

Kingdom Archeabacteria, (Eu)bacteria

Question 11

similarities of prokaryotes

Answer 11

• bianary fission for cell division, no true nucleus for mitosis/meosis
• chromosomes, 1 circular DNA molecule, 1 or more plasmids (tiny circular non-chromasonal DNA w/ additional genetic material
• flagella, propeller type motion, chemiosmatic phophorylation for energy (not ATP)

Question 12

differences in prokaryotes (genes

Answer 12

bacteria-no introns (no direction sections) only exons (direction sections for building polypeptides
Archeabacteria- some genus also have introns

Question 13

differences in prokaryotes (cell walls)

Answer 13

bacteria- has peptidoglycan

archeabacteria- no peptidoglycan

Question 14

differences in prokaryotes habitats

Answer 14

archeabacteria are in more extreme habitats

Question 15

origin of eukaryote cells

Answer 15

endosybiant theory, this theory is supported by the mitochondria, has cellwlass and basic structure
chloroplast-some DNA material

Question 16

nucleus

Answer 16

outer envelop w/ rpotein pairs for traffic control, inner nuclear lamina, and chromosome material

Question 17

ribosomes

Answer 17

site of protein synthesis, 2 subunits: free (in cytoplast) and intermediate (in rough ER)

Question 18

endomembrane system

Answer 18

-forms internal compartments and passage ways, rough ER and smooth ER(stores calcium ions, makes steriod hormones, detox)

Question 19

Golgi apparatus (dictyosomes)

Answer 19

collects, packages, and distributes materials, structural modifications