spring 2013, test 2

Question 1

what are the 5 key characteristics of the Class Amphibian?

Answer 1

1) Legs
2) lungs
3) cutaneous respiration (breathe through lungs and skin
4) pulmonary veins (can pump blood at higher pressure
5) partially divided heart (pulmonary and systematic paths)

Question 2

The heart for species in the class Amphibian has how many chambers?

Answer 2

3, 2 atria and 1 ventricle

Question 3

Examples of amphibians

Answer 3

frogs, salamanders, caecilians

Question 4

3 key characteristics of reptiles

Answer 4

1) Amniotic Eggs
2) Dry Skin (layer of scales)
3) Thoracic Breathing (expand and contract ribcage)

Question 5

Deets about reptile eggs

Answer 5

must be laid in water, 4 membranes; yolk sac, the amnion, the allantois, and the chorion

Question 6

2 key characteristics for class Aves

Answer 6

1) Feathers (modified reptilian scales made of keratin)

2) Flight skeleton (bones are thin and hollow)

Question 7

other deets about Aves

Answer 7

similarities: flight
differences due to feeding habits
4 chambered heart
high metabolic rate to sustain flight

Question 8

4 key characteristics in Mammilia

Answer 8

1) hair (reduces escaping body heat)
2) mammary glands (females, secrete milk)
3) Endothermy
4) Placenta (specialized organ that brings fetus in close contact w/ mothers bloodstrem)

Question 9

3 reproductive differences in mammal’s placenta

Answer 9

1) monotremes (egg laying (platypus))
2) Marsupials (pouched mammals (kangaroo))
3) placentals (humans)

Question 10

4 key characteristics of the chordate

Answer 10

generalized embryo

1) single hollow nerve chord
2) notochord
3) pharyngeal slits (connects pharynx w/ external enviroment)
4) postanal tail (extends beyond anus)

Question 11

phylum chordates includes…

Answer 11

fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Question 12

five key characteristics of vertebrate chordates

Answer 12

1) vertebral column
2) head
3) nueral crest (special cells, almost like stem cells)
4) Internal organs (heart, liver, kidneys)
5) Endoskeleton (bone or cartilage)

Question 13

5 key characteristics of fishes

Answer 13

1) vertebral column
2) jaws and paired appendages
3) internal gills
4) single-loop blood circulation (blood pumped from heart to gills)
5) nutritional deficiencies (unable to synthesize aromatic amino acids)

Question 14

5 key classes of fish

Answer 14

1) Myxini (slime, hag fish, scavenger, jawless)
2) Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys, jawless
3) Chondrichtheys (cartilage skeleton, no swim bladder)
4) Aetinopterygii (ray-finned, muscle to control fins, bone skeleton, swim bladder
5) Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish, boned skeleton, paired lobed fins)