Test 2 Flashcards
Functions of cartilage
Supporting soft tissues
Provide gliding surfaces at articulations
Model for bone formation
Functions of bone
Support
Protection
Movement
Hemopoiesis
Storage
Gross anatomy of long bone
Diaphysis -shaft
Epiphysis- ends
Metaphysis l- growth plate and between diaphysis and epiphysis
Medullary cavity- bone marrow
You have to use it or you ..
Lose it
Stress shapes bone
Why is _ there?
Because of muscle pulling
Too little calcium
No synapsis your heart stops beating
To much calcuim
Calcification
Hyaline cartilage from the fetal skeleton turns into bone how
By getting a blood supply
Nasal conchea
Inferior
Medial
Superior
Increase surface areas and help warm and humidify air
Coronal suture
Junction between frontal and parietal bones
Lambdoid suture
Junction between occipital and parietal bones
Saggital suture
Between parietal bones
Squamous suture
Junction between temporal and parietal bones
The paransasal sinuses
Air filled spaces within in the skull bones
Mucous lining helps humidify
Lighten the skull
Sound production when speaking
Functions of vertebral column
Provide vertical support for body
Support weight of head
Help maintain up right position of body
Transfers the wieght off of upper body
Protects spinal cord
Provides passageway to spinal nerves
Paranasal sinuses
Ethmoidal
Sphenoidal
Maxilla
Frontal
Regions
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
What passes through foramen magnum
Spinal cord
Vertebral arteries
Cranial nerve 11
What passes through inferior orbital fissure
Cranial nerves 3,4,5,6
Ethmoid cranial nerve
1
What passes through jugular foramen
Jugular vein
Cervical nerves 9,10,11
Cervical spine
Anterior
Thoracic spine curves
Posterior
Lumbar spine
Curves anterior
Hyaline cartilage
Provide smooth surfaces for joint movement
Nose trachea and long bones
Fibrocartilage
Absorbs shock and resist compression
Knee menisci and intravertebral discs
Compact bone vs spongy bone
Compact bone is dense and organized into osteons, providing strength
spongy bone is light and porous made of tuberculae
Crest
Prominent Ridge like projection
Condyle
Large articulating rounded structure
Fissure
Cleft narrow slit, like opening through a bone
Foramen
Rounded passage through a bone ( hole )
Notch
An indentation
Process
Going forward outgrowths on a bone
Ramus
Branch
Tubercle
Small prominent small rounded projection
Protuberance
A bulging bone feature
Is sacrum part of pelvic girdle
No
Growth from within cartilage itself
Intersitial
Appositional
Growth along the cartilages outside edge
Flat bones
Scapula
Sternum
Ribs
Short bones
Patella
Carpals
Tarsals
Irregular bones
Vertebrae
Hip bones
Ethmoid
Medullary cavity
Hollow cylindrical shape in dipahysis that houses red and yellow bone marrow
Endosteum
Covers most internal surfaces of bone
Periosteum
Covers external surfaces of bone
Dense irregular connective tissue
Has osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts
Interstitial growth occurs in
Epiphyseal plate
Long bones growth in length is called interstitial growth
Growth in bones diameter is
Appositional growth and occurs in periosteum
Continue production of new bone and reabsorption of old bone is called
Bone remodeling
Homeostasis of bones depends on
Hormonones
Vitamins
Excersize
Synarthrosis
An in mobile joint the two types of fibrous joints, and one type of Carlus joint our synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Freely mobile joint
Diarthrosis
Is a freely mobile joint all synovial joints are diarthrosis
Fibrous joint
Bones held together by dense regular connective tissue
Cartilaginous joint
Bones joined by cartilage
Synovial joint
Bone separated by fluid filled cavity
Fibrous joints
Gomphoses- joints between teeth and maxxila and mandible
Sutures- joints between skull bones
Syndesmoses- joints between parallel bones in forearm and leg like tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous joints
Synchondroses- bones joined by hyaline cartilage like the epiphyseal plate
Symphyses- bones joined by pad of Fibrocartilage like pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints
Synovail joints Examples
Freely mobile diarthroses
Shoulder,elbow, knee
Cranial bones (8)
Bones that surround and enclose the brain
Parietal
Frontal
Occipital
Sphenoid
Temporal
Ethmoid
Facial bones (14)
Don’t have brain contact
Vomer
Mandible
Maxillea
Nasal
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Palatine
Inferior nasal concha
Structure of the nasal complex
Superior border: cribiform plate of ethmoid and parts of frontal and sphenoid
Inferior border: maxillae and palatine bones
Lateral border: ethmoid, maxillae, inferior nasal conchae, palatine bones, lacrimal bones
Structural classification of joints
Fibrous joint- dense regular connective tissue
Cartilaginous joint - cartilage
Synovial joint- bones separated by fluid filled cavity
Functional classification of joints
Diarthrosis- freely mobile joint
Synarthrosis- immobile joint
Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile joint
Anatomy of synovial joints
Articular capsules that have 2 layers: fibrous layer made of dense regular and inner synovial membrane
Articular cartilage - hyaline and reduces friction absorbs shock
Joints cavity- space between the two bones
Extrinsic ligaments- outside of capsule
Blood vessels
Bursae- sacs outside synovail joints where things rub
Tendon sheaths - enlongated bursae around tendons where tendons rub on eachother like the wrist bones
Fat pads to provide protection
Movements at sunovial joints
Gliding
Angular motion
Rotation
Special movements
Skeletal muscle cells AKA muscle fibers properties
Excitibility
Conductivity
Contractility
Elasticity
Extensibility
Functions of skeletal muscle tissue
Move body
Maintain posture
Protect and support
Regulate elimination of materials
Produces heat
Storage
Isometric contraction
Length remains constant
Ex : holding dumbbell your muscle is suing force to hold the dumbbell up right but isn’t changing lengths
Muscles that move the arm at the glenohumeral joint
Any muscles attaching to the scapula
Coracobrachailis
Infraspinatus
Supraspintaus
Subscapularis
Teres minor and major
Deltoid
As well as the biceps and triceps brachii
Biceps and triceps brachii cross what two joints
Glenohumeral
Elbow
Isometric
Constant length , tension changes
