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Anatomy and Physiology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many types of tissue are there? name them

A

4 types of tissues:

  • Nervous
  • Muscle
  • Epithelial
  • Connective
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2
Q

what are the 3 shapes of epithelium tissue

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
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3
Q

Epithelium tissue is vascular. True or false

A

False. Epithelium tissue is Avascular and supplied by surrounding nerve fiber

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4
Q

where is simple squamous epithelium located

A

alveoli

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5
Q

where is simple cuboidal epithelium located

A

Smallest ducts of glands and kidney tubules

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6
Q

where is simple columnar epithelium located

A

In the digestive system for the excretion and absorption of mucous and enzymes

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7
Q

what is the function of stratified squamous epithelium

A
  • Are present where protection from abrasion is important
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8
Q

how many layer of pseudostratified epithelium are there

A

one

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9
Q

what is the function of microvilli and where are the found

A
  • increase absorption
  • found in simple columnar epithelium
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10
Q

where does endocrine secrete substances

A

on the inside of the body

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11
Q

where does exocrine secrete substances

A

on the outside of the body. IE: sweat

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12
Q

what do endocrine glands secrete and where to they secret it

A
  • hormones into the interstitial fluid
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13
Q

what are the major functions of connective tissue

A
  • binding and support
  • protecting
  • insulating
  • storing reserve fuel
  • transporting substances (blood)
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14
Q

what are the 4 main types of connective tissue

A
  • Connective tissue proper
  • Cartilage
  • Bone
  • Blood
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15
Q

what are the 3 elements of connective tissue

A
  • Ground substance
  • Fibers
  • Cells
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16
Q

what type of fiber is the strongest

A

Collagen

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17
Q

what is an example of dense regular connective tissue

A
  • tendons
  • Ligaments
18
Q

where is areolar tissue located

A

between other tissues

19
Q

what is an example of elastic connective tissue

A

aorta artery

20
Q

does cartilage heal slowly? why?

A

Cartilage heals slowly as it is avascular and does not receive many nutrients

21
Q

what is an example of fibrocartilage

A

interverbal disks

22
Q

what type of bone cell make up the matrix of bone

A

osteoblasts

23
Q

what type of bone cell MAINTAINS the matrix of bone

A

osteocytes/Lacunae

24
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

“cell eating”. when a cell engulfs a large particle

25
Q

what is pinocytosis

A

“cell drinking”. when a sell engulfs extracellular fluid

26
Q

what is cell/receptor mediated endocytosis

A

involves endocytosis and transcytosis of specific molecules

-Selectively reducing the concentration of a particular enzyme in extracellular fluid

27
Q

what is the purpose of smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Lipid metabolism; cholesterol and steroid-based hormone synthesis; making lipids for lipoproteins

28
Q

what is the purpose of rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Site of synthesis of proteins

29
Q

what is the purpose of Ribosomes

A

Nonmembranous organelles that are site of protein synthesis

30
Q

what is the purpose of the cytoskeleton

A

Elaborate network of rods and proteins that support the cell

31
Q

what is the purpose of the nucleus

A

-contains the majority of the cells genetic material

-It contains the blueprints to make new proteins and lipids

32
Q

what’s the purpose of the Golgi apparatus

A
  • Modifies, concentrates, sorts and packages proteins and lipids received from rough and smooth ER
33
Q

what’s the purpose of peroxisomes

A

Membranous sacs containing powerful detoxifying substances that neutralize toxins

34
Q

what is transcription

A

-occurs in the nucleus

-DNA is copied and the copy is called mRNA

35
Q

what is translation

A

-occurs in the cytoplasm

-It is the process of making a new protein

-mRNA sequence is used to determine the order of the new protein

36
Q

what are the 3 types of RNA

A

Messager RNA (mRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

37
Q

what is the purpose of mRNA

A

-It is the sequence for the order of amino acids

-Code from DNA template strand is copied with complementary base pairs, resulting in a strand of mRNA

-mRNA maintains the triplet code called a codon from DNA

38
Q

what is the purpose of synthetase enzymes

A

helps attach the correct amino acid to the tRNA

39
Q

what is the purpose of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

energy molecules

40
Q

what is the purpose of Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

-Carries one amino acid

-Have a triplet code called the anticodon that allows each tRNA to carry only a specific amino acid

-It brings amino acids to mRNA
Process is referred to as translation

41
Q

what is the purpose of Ribosomal RNA ( rRNA)

A

-Structural component of ribosomes, the organelle where protein synthesis occurs

-It is found inside the ribosome therefore it can be attached to endoplasmic reticulum

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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