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geosphere > test 2 > Flashcards

test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

inside of earth

A

magma

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2
Q

once a volcano erupts and it comes out

A

lava

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3
Q

what happens as lava cools

A

it makes an eruption and builds higher and higher

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4
Q

what are the two types of basaltic lava flows

A

Aa & Pahoehoe

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5
Q

a basaltic lava flow with a blocky texture and thick lava

A

Aa

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6
Q

a basaltic lava flow with a rope and fluid lava

A

Pahoehoe

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7
Q

can move up to 30 km/hr at the top, slows as it reaches the bottom to the point that you can walk on it; hotter at the top of volcano; cools toward bottom

A

basaltic lava flows

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8
Q

glowing cloud of pyroclastic debris

A

Nuee Ardent

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9
Q

mudflow of water mixed with tephra

A

Lahar

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10
Q

what determines the name of the pyroclastic debris

A

its size

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11
Q

what are the types of pyroclastic debris

A

tephra, nuee ardent, lahar

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12
Q

what is ash and lapilli

A

little stones

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13
Q

what is a fissure eruption

A

a crack in the surface of the earth

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14
Q

an opening exposed on the easrths where volcanic material is emitted

A

volcaninc vent

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15
Q

magma that has a high viscosity and high silica and gas content; eruption tends to be very explosive- this is usually associated with supervolcanoes like yellowstone

A

rhyolitic magma

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16
Q

huge hole left by the collapse of a volcanic mountain

A

caldera

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17
Q

an opening exposed on the earths surface where volcanic material is emitted

A

volcanic vent

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18
Q

magma that is a mix of basaltic and rhyolitic; eruption may or may not be explosive (usually dangerous though)

A

andesitic magma

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19
Q

the smallest type of tephra

A

volcanic ash and dust

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20
Q

largest volcano in the solar system and type

A

olympus mons- shield volcano on mars

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21
Q

locations where plumes of magma burn through the earths surface even though it is not on a plate boundary

A

hot spot volcanism

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22
Q

mt st helens is an example of this kind of volcanism

A

convergent volcanism

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23
Q

more viscous (thicker or stickier) lavas, much more explosive eruptions; tall with steep sides, these are the most common large cones

A

composite or stratovolcano

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24
Q

magma with the least amount of silica, rarely explosive eruption- the magma is the hottest and the runniest

A

basaltic magma

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25
Q

describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot water, and steam

A

volcanism

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26
Q

where plates separate, magma rises to fill gaps

A

divergent volcanism

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27
Q

types of volcanism that occurs due to subduction

A

convergent volcanism

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28
Q

hawaii is an example of this kind of volcanism

A

hot spot volcanism

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29
Q

bowl or circular shapes depression around the vent

A

volcanic crater

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30
Q

an underground pool that holds magma, below a volcano

A

magma chamber

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31
Q

gently sloping sides, quiet eruptions, magma is very runny (low viscosity)

A

shield volcano

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32
Q

a small volcano built primarily of pyroclastic material ejected from a single vent; they can occur anywhere

A

cinder cone

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33
Q

lava that is sharp when cool and crumbles into large jagged chunks

A

aa lava

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34
Q

bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks

A

tephra

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35
Q

pebble like bits of magma that cool in the air

A

lapilli

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36
Q

a violent type of mudflow coming from the melted snow or glacier on the top of a volcano; it often kills many more people and animals than the eruption itself

A

lahar

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37
Q

ocean to continent convergence is usually associated with this type of magma

A

andestic

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38
Q

ocean plate hotspot volcanism or ocean to ocean convergence or ocean to ocean divergence is associated with this type of magma chamber

A

basaltic

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39
Q

continental plate hotspot volcanism is associated with this type of magma chamber

A

rhyolitic

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40
Q

widest of all volcanoes

A

shield volcano

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41
Q

ring of fire volcanic cone type

A

composite

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42
Q

crater formed after the collapse of an emptied magma chamber

A

caldera

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43
Q

built from nonexplosive eruptions and has gently sloping sides and a large base

A

shield volcano

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44
Q

composite volcano also known as

A

stratovolcano

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45
Q

a volcano built up of alternate layers of lava/ask with explosive eruptions

A

stratovolcano

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46
Q

ropey, basaltic lava flow

A

pahoehoe

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47
Q

rhyolitic magma is thick and sticky because

A

of high silica content; it forms from melted continental crust

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48
Q

low viscosity, high temps, and low silica

A

basaltic magma

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49
Q

three types of magma are

A

basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic

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50
Q

low viscosity magma is associated with

A

high temps, less trapped gas, and lower silica content

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51
Q

the viscosity of magma depends on

A

temp and silica levels

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52
Q

stratovolcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent (subduction zone) O:C

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53
Q

shield volcanoes are associated with what type of plate boundary

A

convergent O:O or hot spot under oceanic plate

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54
Q

what is lapilli

A

bits of lava that hardens in the air, (pebbles)

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55
Q

ash, blocks, and bombs are pieces of

A

tephra

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56
Q

a mudflow composed of pyroclastic material and water

A

lahar

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57
Q

superheated gas and ash that speeds downhill from an eruption

A

nuee ardent

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58
Q

how many major eruptions has yellowstone caldera had over the years

A

3

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59
Q

what national park is actually a supervolcano

A

yellowstone

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60
Q

produces aa and pahoehoe lava

A

shield

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61
Q

what is magma

A

molten rock inside earth

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62
Q

what is lava

A

molten rock that flows onto the earths surface

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63
Q

second most explosive type of volcano, like dantes peak

A

composite/stratovolcano

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64
Q

volcanoes that form far from plate boundaries are associated with

A

hot spots

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65
Q

elements associated with basaltic magma are dense and dark. what are the 3 main elements in this type of magma

A

iron, magnesium, and calcium

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66
Q

elements associated with rhyolitic magma are light in color and low density. what do they have the highest percentage of

A

silicon and oxygen

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67
Q

equation for silicon dioxide; the higher the percentage of this, the thicker and more dangerous the magma

A

SIO2

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68
Q

which type of magma is in the middle, it still has violent eruptions, but not like super eruption

A

andesitic

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69
Q

dantes peak was loosley based on which volcanic eruption in the us

A

mount saint helens

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70
Q

5 parts that make a mineral

A

definite chemical composition, crystal pattern, solid, inorganic, naturally occuring

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71
Q

minerals form from

A

cooling of magma or lava, precipitation from water, recrystallization from other minerals

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72
Q

a scale ranking ten minerals from softed to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals

A

mohs hardness scale

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73
Q

the way a mineral reflects light from its surface

A

luster

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74
Q

shiny like glass

A

vitreous luster

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75
Q

shiny like metal

A

metallic luster

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76
Q

the color of a mineral in powdered form that is sometimes different from the color of the mineral

A

streak

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77
Q

the tendency of a mineral to break along flat surfaces and form regular shapes everytime it is broken

A

cleavage

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78
Q

minerals that dont form regular shapes when they break have

A

fracture

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79
Q

relationships between temperature and volume

A

direct (higher temp- higher vol; lower temp- lower volume)

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80
Q

charles law

A

v1/T1=V2/T2

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81
Q

force per unit

A

pressure

82
Q

relationship between pressure and volume

A

inverse (more volume, less pressure)

83
Q

boyles law

A

P1V1=P2V2

84
Q

relationship between pressure and temperature

A

direct

85
Q

gay lussacs law

A

P1/T1= P2/T2

86
Q

located in the top left of the element box on periodic table

A

atomic number

87
Q

number across the columns (periodic table)

A

group number

88
Q

number across the rows

A

period

89
Q

number of protons are equal to atomic number (T or F)

A

true

90
Q

mass number - protons=

A

neutrons

91
Q

charge is also called

A

oxidation number

92
Q

group 1 has a charge of

A

+1

93
Q

group 2 has a charge of

A

+2

94
Q

group 13 has a charge of

A

+3

95
Q

group 15 has a charge of

A

-3

96
Q

group 16 has a charge of

A

-2

97
Q

group 17 has a charge of

A

-1

98
Q

group 18 has a charge of

A

0, has everything that they need

99
Q

group 3-12 are transition metals so their charge

A

varies based off what it is paired with

100
Q

group 14 has a charge of

A

+ or - 4

101
Q

has 1 singular elememt

A

element

102
Q

covalent bond

A

molecules

103
Q

ionic bond

A

salts

104
Q

have 2 or more different types of elements chemically bonded together

A

compounds

105
Q

salt is made distinct by repeating the pattern

A

NaClNaClNaCl

106
Q

molecule can be just the formula

A

H2O

107
Q

Hydrogen

A

H+

108
Q

Sodium

A

NaCl+

109
Q

Potassium

A

K+

110
Q

Lithium

A

Li+

111
Q

Calcium

A

Ca+2

112
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg+2

113
Q

Barium

A

Ba+2

114
Q

Aluminum

A

Al+3

115
Q

Gallium

A

Ga+3

116
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl-

117
Q

Fluorine

A

F-

118
Q

Bromine

A

Br-

119
Q

Iodine

A

I-

120
Q

oxygen

A

O-2

121
Q

Sulfur

A

S -2

122
Q

Nitrogen

A

N-3

123
Q

Phosphorous

A

P-3

124
Q

balanced positive and negative ions

A

empirical formulas

125
Q

sodium and chlorine

A

NaCl

126
Q

Calcium and Oxygen

A

CaO

127
Q

Barium and Fluorine

A

BaF2

128
Q

Aluminum and Oxygen

A

Al2O3

129
Q

some atoms bond together to form something that behaves like a single ion

A

polyatomic ions

130
Q

hydroxide

A

OH ^-

131
Q

Carbonate

A

CO 3^-2

132
Q

Nitrate

A

NO3 ^-

133
Q

Sulfate

A

SO4 ^-2

134
Q

phosphate

A

PO4 ^-3

135
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4 ^+

136
Q

what our bodies are made of

A

organic materials

137
Q

smallest particle of elements

A

atoms

138
Q

cannot be broken down into simpler form

A

element

139
Q

group of bonded atoms that act as a unit

A

molecule

140
Q

chemical combination of 2+ different elements

A

compound

141
Q

atoms with differing number of nuetrons

A

isotope

142
Q

electronically charged particles with uneven number of protons and electrons

A

ions

143
Q

again, based on the film, what was the most Hollywood portion of the movie?

A

the magic vehicles,the dog that never dies, outrunning a pyroclastic flow

144
Q

ratio of a minerals weight compared with the weight of an equal volume of water (its the density of a mineral)

A

specific gravity

145
Q

what are the properties of minerals

A

hardness, luster, streak, heft, cleavage, color, fracture, magnetism

146
Q

is ice a mineral

A

yes

147
Q

which mineral property is not reliable

A

color

148
Q

what color is a metallic mineral

A

gold, grey, or silver

149
Q

what is a fissure eruptions

A

crack in the surface of the earth

150
Q

what are the 5 types of volcanoes

A

stratovolcano, shield, cinder, caldera, lava dome

151
Q

built up from alternating layers of lava and ash, often has many small craters on its slope, classic volcano shape, composite

A

stratovolcano

152
Q

broad, shallow cone, layers of lava, fluid hot lava cools, slowly, bigger than a stratovolcano

A

shield

153
Q

throws out lava and ash into the air, cone shaped piles of tephra

A

cinder cone

154
Q

an older volcano with a large crater, can be 62 miles wide; in this crater, many little new craters are formed

A

calderas

155
Q

forms inside of a previously erupted volcano

A

lava dome

156
Q

what causes a quiet eruptions

A

if magma has low silica. Magma is thin and runny and flows easily

157
Q

what causes a explosive eruption

A

gas is trapped within magma, pressure will build and magma will erupt explosively, increased silica, blocked vent

158
Q

what is an explosive eruption called

A

violent eruption

159
Q

what is a quiet eruption called

A

effusive eruption

160
Q

what does silica do to a volcano

A

higher silica- explosive eruption

161
Q

what does temperature do to a volcano

A

the colder the temperature; the higher the viscosity; high viscosity means explosive eruption

162
Q

geological events that precede a volcano

A

earthquakes, hot ground, gas release, acid in water, landslides

163
Q

gps, seismographs, seismometers, FLIR(thermal), tiltmeters and strainmeters, gas emissions

A

measurements to predict an eruption

164
Q

loss of jobs, evacuation, houses and cars destroyed

A

sociological problems

165
Q

deposits of rock fragments of pyroclastic debris

A

tephra

166
Q

glowing cloud of pyroclastic debris

A

nuee ardent

167
Q

mudflow of water mixed with tephra

A

lahar

168
Q

what are the four types of bonds

A

covalent, ionic, metallic, hydrogen bonding

169
Q

a bond which results in sharing electrons between 2 atoms- sharing electrons, strong bonds; CH4

A

covalent bonding

170
Q

a bond which electrons move through metal lattice; moving of electrons throughout the metal; makes it a good conductor; malleable; Fe

A

metallic bonds

171
Q

a bond in which hydrogen is attached to the other polar molecules; attraction between polar molecules; attraction between water molecules

A

hydrogen bonds

172
Q

a bond resulting in the gain or loss of electrons; brittle bonds; NaCl

A

ionic bonding

173
Q

ionic vs covalent

A

covalent is a stronger bond

174
Q

Monoatomic ions

A

has exactly on atom

175
Q

some atoms bond together to form something that behaves like a single ion

A

polyatomic ions

176
Q

what happens to an element that has a negative charge

A

it gains a positive

177
Q

what happens to an element that has a positive charge

A

it gains a negative

178
Q

amount of space occupied by matter

A

volume

178
Q

average kinetic energy of the molecules of a sample

A

temperature

179
Q

what is increased gas in a violent eruption

A

usually water vapor

180
Q

what does increased silica do in a violent eruptions

A

creates a net that traps gas

181
Q

smallest particle of an element that retains the elements properties

A

atom

182
Q

substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler form

A

element

183
Q

a group of bonded atoms which act as a unit

A

molecule

184
Q

chemical combination of two different elements

A

compound

185
Q

atoms with differing number of neutrons

A

isotope

186
Q

Mass Number - Protons=

A

neutrons

187
Q

number of electrons in the outer shell

A

valence electrons

188
Q

K2Br

A

Potassium Bromide

189
Q

FeS2

A

Iron (IV) Sulfide

190
Q

PbS

A

lead (II) Sulfide

191
Q

what are the subatomic particles?

A

electrons, neutrons, protons

192
Q

how do you determine the number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

193
Q

protons and neutrons go where in an atom

A

inside the electron configuration

194
Q

where do elements go in an atom

A

on the circles of electron configuration

195
Q

Fe2O3

A

hematite

196
Q

CaCO3

A

Calcite

197
Q

PbS

A

Galena

198
Q

FeS2

A

pyrite

199
Q

SiO2

A

Quartz

200
Q

KALSi3O8

A

orthoclase

geosphere (5 decks)

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