final Flashcards

1
Q

determining the actual age of a rock
aka radiometric dating
relies on radioactivity of element isotopes

A

absolute dating

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2
Q

what does a radioactive atom give off

A

energy, radiation, particle

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3
Q

isotope nucleus undergoes changes

A

decay

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4
Q

the time it takes for half of the sample to undergo radioactive decay

A

half life

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5
Q

what are the three types of decay

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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6
Q

nucleus loses an He nucleus
radiation can be stopped by paper
example radon gas dangerous when inhaled

A

alpha decay

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7
Q

loses an electron from the nucleus
neutron becomes a proton
wood blocks radiation

A

beta decay minus

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8
Q

nucleus gains an electron
proton becomes a neutron

A

beta plus

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9
Q

loss of He nucles minus 2 atomic number

A

Alpha

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10
Q

neutron becomes proton plus 1 atomic number

A

beta minus

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11
Q

proton becomes neutron minus 1 atomic number

A

beta plus

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12
Q

no mass lost, no change in element

A

gamma

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13
Q

U238 –> Pb 206

A

4.5 billion years

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14
Q

Rb87–>Sr87

A

47 billion years

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15
Q

K40–> Ar40

A

1.3 billion years

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16
Q

C14 –> N14 5730

17
Q

fold of rocks with younger rock layers closer to the center of the structure

18
Q

what shape does a syncline make

19
Q

what is the shape of an anticline

A

an A (upside down u)

20
Q

what is the age of the rock on the inside of the syncline

A

young in the center- gets older as it moves outward

21
Q

what is the age of the rock on the inside of the anticline

A

old in the center- gets younger as it moves outward

22
Q

structural trap formed by the folding of rock strata into an arch-like shape

23
Q

an area of relatively level high ground.

24
Q

who is the father of modern geology

A

james hurton

25
what idea did james hurton come up with
uniformitarianism
26
the present is the key to the past
uniformitarianism
27
placing rock in sequence
relative dating
28
undeformed sequence of sedimentary rock entrusive igneous rock oldest at the bottom youngest at the top
law of superposition
29
layers of sedimentary rocks are generally deposited in a horizontal fashion
law of original horizontality
30
how do you determine which way is up?
find mud cracks that curl upwards
31
ripples that look like a current (asymmetrical)
current ripples
32
symmetrical ripples
oscillation
33
fault or intrusions must be younger than the rock they intersect
principle of crosscutting relationships
34
missing portions of rock record (missing time) caused by erosions or lack of rock-forming environments
law of unconformity
35
fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order time periods can be recognized by fossil type
principle of faunal succession
36
use to define/identity geologic periods -easy to identify -broad distribution -short-lived
index fossils