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Pharmaceutical Principles > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does the neurotransmitter act on?

A

the adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change activity.

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2
Q

control skeletal muscle and parasympathetic effects called?

A

parasympathetic receptor

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3
Q

what do tranquilizers do?

A

calm/relax animal

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4
Q

what do sedatives do?

A

cause sleepiness/reduced awareness

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5
Q

what are stimulates used to treat?

A

cardiac and respiratory arrests

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6
Q

control sympathetic effects can also be referred to as?

A

sympathetic receptors

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7
Q

True or false. anti cholergic agents are used mostly for small animal reduced secretions and reduced GI motility risk inducing choke and colic events in L.A

A

True

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam) is what kind of drug?

A

controlled

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9
Q

what is the adverse effect of dexmedomide?

A

hypertension with a reflex bradycardia

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10
Q

T or F. never reverse the bradycardia with atropine and glycopyrrolate - you could induce a cardiac arrest if you do.

A

True

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11
Q

what is step 3 of pathway?

A

pain perception

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12
Q

what is step 2 of pain pathway?

A

transmissions

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13
Q

what is step 1 of pain pathway?

A

transduction

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14
Q

what is opioid analgesics used to treat?

A

pain or prevent pain, provide sedation

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15
Q

what are opioids classified as?

A

controlled drugs

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16
Q

what are 3 major opioid receptors?

A

mu, kappa, delta

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17
Q

mu agonists produce what?

A

strongest analgesia

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18
Q

kappa agonists produce what?

A

weaker analgesia

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19
Q

t or f. opioids are very safe drugs if used properly and should never be with held if plan is a concern in the patient.

A

true

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20
Q

what should fentanyl doses be measured in?

A

micrograms instead of milligrams

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21
Q

what is the duration effect of buprenorphine?

A

8-12hrs

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22
Q

T or F. benpenorphine has a long acting SQ injectable option that lasts 72hrs.

A

true

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23
Q

buprenorphine does not cause what?

A

nausea and vomiting

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24
Q

how can general anesthesia be achieved?

A

short acting injectable anesthetic

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25
Q

what are short acting injectable anesthetic drugs?

A

propofol, alfaxolone

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26
Q

t or f. propofol should be discarded 24hrs after opening, due to risk of bacterial growth with repeated needle puncture.

A

true

27
Q

is propofol is effective beyond the 24hrs?

A

yes

28
Q

at normal dosage alfaxalone has no…

A

cardiovascular effects

29
Q

ketamine is a?

A

controlled substance

30
Q

t or f. tiletamine is commonly seen in use in small animal practice

A

false

31
Q

what is tiletamine commonly used in?

A

exotics practice, or zoo and wildlife settings

32
Q

what is the most common gas anesthetic in veterinary medicine?

A

isoflurane

33
Q

what is the MAC values for isoflurane?

A

dogs: 1.3%
cats: 1.6%

34
Q

what is the MAC values for sevoflurane?

A

dogs: 2-2.4%
cats: 2.5-4%

35
Q

some injectable drugs that we use to premedication protocols and induction protocols sparing meaning?

A

they reduce the amount of inhalant anesthetic the patient will require to maintain anesthesia.

36
Q

isoflurane has a?

A

pungent smell

37
Q

recurrent seizures are referred to as?

A

epilepsy

38
Q

recurrent seizures of a unknown cause are referred to as?

A

idiopathic epilepsy

39
Q

what refers to the state of being in the seizure activity and is often used to describe prolonged seizure activity?

A

status epilepticus

40
Q

phenobarbital is a?

A

controlled substance

41
Q

what cannot have repeats on prescription?

A

phenobarbital

42
Q

diazepam is a?

A

controlled substance

43
Q

potassium bromide is an anti-seizure for?

A

dogs only

44
Q

what are the 3 classes of anti-depressants?

A

tricyclic antidepressant (TCAs)
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

45
Q

what are SSRIs in vet med?

A

fluoxetine (Prozac, reconcile)

46
Q

what’s a human drug that is occasionally used in extra label in pets?

A

paroxetine (paxil)

47
Q

behavioural modifying meds that are long term use include?

A

SSRIs, TCAs, MAOs, Gabapentin

48
Q

Behavioural modifying meds that are meant for situations/occasional use only includes?

A

benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, trazodone, gabapentin

49
Q

the cns is divided into what 2 categories?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

50
Q

what is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

acetylcholine

51
Q

what is the primary neurotransmitter involved in the sympathetic nervous system?

A

serotonin

52
Q

behaviour modifying drugs such as SSRIs and TCAs exert their effects but doing what?

A

mimicking serotonin

53
Q

what is the ideal oral medication for long term use in preventing seizure event is epileptics?

A

phenobarbital

54
Q

what is the main side effect we see with opioid use?

A

spastic/erratic movement

55
Q

in the case of an opioid overdose, what is the appropriate reversal agent?

A

Naloxone

56
Q

what is true regarding xylazine?

A

long lasting alpha 2 agonist

57
Q

what is detomidine?

A

alpha 2 agonist used in horses

58
Q

what opioid is available as a slow release transdermal patch?

A

fentanyl

59
Q

what opioids in its standard injectable formulation has the longest duration of action?

A

buprenorphine

60
Q

what drug is a sedative/tranquilizer and provides analgesia?

A

dexmedetomide

61
Q

what is true regarding potassium bromide?

A

anti-epileptic medication, that is usually used as an adjunct in therapy

62
Q

a cat is premeditated with dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol. they are induced with propofol. which of the drugs is a controlled substance?

A

butorphanol and ketamine

63
Q

clomipramine is a TCA that is primarily used to treat senility in aging patients. T or F?

A

False

Pharmaceutical Principles (5 decks)

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