Test #2 Flashcards
How do you determine if someone may have had too many anticholinergic drugs or have an anticholinergic toxidrome?
- flushed skin
- dilated pupils
- difficulty seeing (visual disturbances)
- urinary retention
- dry mouth
- confusion
- hyperthermia
- tachycardia
- tremors
- absent bowel sounds
what indicates poor control of asthma
Increased wheezing, SOB
Daytime symptoms > 4 days/week
Nighttime symptoms >1 time/week
>4 doses/week of a SABA (may use 1 dose/ day to prevent exercise induced symptoms)
Poor spirometry results
heart failure: class 1
a patient who is not limited in normal physical activity by symptoms
heart failure: class 2
ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, dyspnea, or other symptoms
heart failure: class 3
marked limitation in normal physical activity
heart failure: class 4
symptoms at rest or with any physical activity at all
medications for heart failure with preserved EF
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
Aldosterone Antagonists (MRAs)
Beta blockers
nitrates
medications for heart failure with reduced EF
ARNI (or ACEI/ARB)
Beta blocker
Aldosterone Antagonists (MRAs)
SGLT2 inhibitor
main drugs to treat angina
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
drugs for heart failure
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Beta blockers
Aldosterone antagonists (spironolactone)
INR (aka prothrombin time (PT))
Indications for an INR would be:
- monitoring those with a coagulation factor deficiency
disseminated intravascular coagulation (a condition that causes abnormal clotting)
- baseline sample before starting anticoagulation therapy
- monitoring while on anticoagulation therapy
- and liver function assessment
- associated with WARFARIN
if not on anticoagulation a normal value is usually around 1.0
those on anticoagulation therapy, the therapeutic INR is usually between 2.0-3.0
partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
normal PTT for someone not on heparin is between 25 to 35
for someone on heparin therapeutic range for PTT is 45-70 (or 1.5-2.5 x the baseline value)
Common reasons to order a PTT include:
- Assessment of blood disorders
- During heparin therapy
- Preoperatively
- associated with HEPARIN
Protein-calorie malnutrition (or starvation-related malnutrition)
anorexia nervosa
chronic disease related malnutrition
Dietary intake does not meet the tissues needs due to the disease (but it would under normal conditions)
ie. inflammatory conditions, Cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, organ failure, etc.
acute disease or injury related malnutrition
Examples: major infections, burns, trauma, etc
how to maintain NG tube patency
- Requires routine flushing
- Flushed with 30mL of warm tap water every 4 hours during continuous feedings or before and after each intermittent feeding
- Sterile water used in immunocompromised patients
- Tubes must be flushed between each medication and after all meds are given
- Try to use only liquid meds
metabolic syndrome
At least 3/5 must exceed the cutoff levels for diagnosis
- Elevated waist circumference
- Elevated triglycerides
- Low HDL (good cholesterol)
- Elevated blood pressure
- Elevated fasting glucose levels
5 A’s of Obesity Management
Ask, Assess, Advise, Agree, and Assist
- Ask for permission to discuss weight
- Assess risk & potential causes of weight gain
- Advise on risks, benefits, and options
- Agree on weight loss goals and plans
- Assist with education, resources & follow up care
