Test 2 Flashcards
what is the otis media?
ear infection
what is a cell
basic unit of all living things
cells combine to form
tissues
tissues combine to form
organs
organs combine to form
systems
systems combine to form
organism
what are the seven warning signs of cancer
change in bowel conditions
a sore throat that doesn’t heal
unusual bleeding or discharge
lump in breast
indigestion/difficulty swallowing
obvious change of wart
nagging cough
what mnemonic can you use to remember cancer signs
caution
what is the integumentary system
skin
what is the function of the integumentary system
protect body from injury pathogens
regulate body temp
stores fats and vitamins
what changes happen to the integumentary system with age
thin frail skin,
lose elasticity
fatty layer decreases
nails brittle
skin tags, warts
what are varations to the integumentary system from normal
ulcers, sores, breaks in skin!!!
pale white
swelling
black and blue
abnormal temp
bloody drainage
what is a bony prominence
an area where bone sticks out or projects from flat surface of body
why are residents at risk for pressure injuries
Bedfast, fecal incontinence, exposure to moisture, poor nutrition, circulatory problems
how can you prevent pressure injuries
provide skin care, follow reposition schedule, prevent bed friction, prevent shearing, head of bed to 30 degrees, do not put on red area
what is the musculoskeletal system
provides structure and movement
give body shape
what are the types of muscles
involuntary
cardiac
smooth
voluntary
skeletal
what is the function of the musculoskeletal system
produce body heat
movement of body
why do we perform ROM
range of motion, keep muscles and limbs moveable
what changes happen to the musculoskeletal system from aging
muscles weaken
bones brittle
slower muscle and nerve interaction
joints stiffen, and lose flexibility
height decrease
pain moving
What is the nurse aides role in arthritis
encourage activity, follow care plan, encourage independence, maintain self esteem
what is the function of nervous system?
control, coordinate body functions
senses and interprets info and responds
what are the two parts of the nervous system
Central(brain and spinal), and Peripheral
what is the nervous system also called
neurological
what are the sensory organs
skin, nose, tongue, eyes, ears
what are the normal findings in the nervous system
alert, oriented
senses intact
coordination of limbs
reflexes present
What is the nurse aides role after a stroke
ROM, body alignment, verbal communication, be aware of temps, adapt self care to limitations
what is the function cardiovascular system?
movement of blood through body
blood returns to the heart by what
veins
what changes does the cardiovascular system experience from age
heart less effective
blood pumps with less force
arteries lose elasticity
higher/lower blood pressure
what is conjestive heart failure
when one or both sides of heart stop pumping blood effectivily
left side causes blood backup in lungs
right side damage causes blood backup in legs, feet, abdomen.
what are the symptoms of conjestive heart failure
tired, weak, dizzy, edema, weight gain
how do you care for conjestive heart failure
rest periods, intake and output, extra pillows, head of bed elevated, range of motion.
what is a contractor
muscles become unmovable
what is osteoporosis
bones brittle with age and fracture
what is the function of the respiratory system?
involves breathing in and out
what is the cardiovascular system also called
circulatory
what is the structure of the respiratory system
upper respiratory tract- nose mouth, throat
lower respiratory track- lungs, bronchi, trachea
what happens to the respiratory system with age
muscles weaken
lung tissue loses elasticity
oxygen in blood decreases
lung capacity decrease
what are variations from normal in the respiratory system
shallow breathing
coughing
nasal conjestion
slow/fast respiratory rate
cyanosis- changes in color
pain in chest
What is COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
what are two diseases of COPD
broncitis, emphysema
what happens with COPD
trouble breathing
chronic broncitis
lungs dont get enough oxygen
poor appetite, trouble sleep
poor health. cough, wheezing, confusion
what is the nurse aides role in COPD
sit upright
offer fluids
observe oxygen in use
encourage rest
what is the structure of the digestive system
upper- mouth, esophagus, stomach
lower- intestines
what is the function of the digestive system
digest food, absorb nutrients, eliminate waste
what changes happen to the digestive system with age
decrease saliva, decrease appetite, altered taste, smell, proteins, vitamins not absorbed as well
What is the nurse aides role in digestive system
make sure dentures in place
observe for choking
provide fluid, fiber
keep anus clean
provide privacy
physical activity
what is the urinary system
filter of the body, responsible for ridding waste products from blood
what is the structure of the urinary system
kidneys- filter waste, water and blood pressure balance
ureters- narrow tubes
urinary bladder- muscular sac
urethra- tube
what is urinary retention
urine remains in bladder
what is the nurse aides role in urinary system
keep anus clean
provide privacy
drink fluids often
sitting position
what is the endocrine system
system of glands that secrete chemicals into bloodstream to regulate bodily function
what is the function of the endocrine system
maintain homeostasis
enfluence growth
regulate reproduction
regulate sugar
what are the variations of the endocrine system
headache, vision, dizzy, weak, hunger, sweating, dry skin.
what is diabetes
pancreas does not produce enough insulin, glucuse cannot move from blood to cells, and sugar builds ups
what is the immune system
defends inside and outside
protect body from bacteria/virus
provides immunity
what variations happen to the immune system
fever, redness, swelling, anxiety, vomit, stiff joints
what common disorders happen to the immune system
lupus- immune system attack tissue causing redness, pain, swelling, and damage.
graves- immune attacks thyroid gland which causes to secrete more tyroid hormone.
aspiration
accidental breathing in food, fluid, vomit into lungs
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
what are characteristics of good nutrition
healthy body, alert, healthy hair, bright eyes, appetite, sleep patterns
what are characteristics of poor nutrition
dull eyes, bad stool, tired, anemia
why is water important
needed for cells, part of the blood, move oxygen into cells, removes waste products, helps digestion, maintain body temp
which nutrient is needed to grow new tissue and help with repair
protein
which mineral keeps bones and teeth strong
calcium
age related changes affecting nutrition
fewer calories, vitimin requirements change, saliva decreases, appetite decreases, constipation
what information is included in the diet card
lists room, name, type diet
what information does the na need to confirm on the diet card before serving
confirm name and right diet
what are the causes of dysphagia
illness, meds, weakness, dentures
what are the symptoms of dyphagia
eats slowly, avoid certain textures, swallow one bite several times, vomits, eyes water, cough, heartburn, gurgles
what are the two types of thickened fluids
nector and honey
what is the nurse aides role in preventing aspiration
upright position, feed slowly, avoid distraction, offer drink, provide mouthcare, report symptoms
what is the nurse aides role in dehydration
determine liquid preference, water in reach, observe and report symptoms.
what diseases can cause edema to occur
failure of kidney, heart
what happens if fluid intake is greater than output
edema
what is recording
written/electronic documentation of care and observations by healthcare team
medical record
collection of documents regarding residents condition and response to treatment and care. keeps all team updated on residents care
what is HIPAA
health insurance portability accountability act
what does hipaa do
protects the privacy and security of a persons health information
no electronic transmission of document, photos, videos protect identity, health conditions, and phone
what is the nurse aides role in reporting
accurate and responsible, facts not opinions, report to designated employee, report changes, report before end of shift.
what does the nurse aide report
care given, resident response, observation, convos out of ordinary, unusual actions
what things should the nurse aide report to the nurse immedietly
severe pain, ability to respond, mobility, vision, breathing, swallow, facial expressions, numbness, vomit, blood, unusual odor, vital signs, skin color
what is objective data
observations using senses
what is subjective data
information you are told
what is the nursing process
method used to plan and deliver nursing care to resident
what are the five steps in the nursing process
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation
what is the nurse aides role in the nursing process
assist nurse collecting information, take vitals, provide care with positive, report observations, determines of goals met, report reaction to intervention
what is the nursing care plan used for
outlines individuals priorities, goals
what is the nurse aide’s role in the nursing care plan
assist collection of info, report client response
the incident report is intended for use by who
between the facility and facility legal team
when is an incident report required
resident falls, verbalizes pain, shows fear, pain, resident missing, mistake in care, personal belonging breaks, nurse aide feels uncomfortable threatened, sexual advances
why is the incident report important
required by facility upon state and federal guidelines
completed by those on scene, detailed accurate account of who, when, what, where
who is involved in filling out the incident report
involved on scene, duty at time, observed
what information is not included in the incident report
DOB and SSN
what is critical thinking
excersing or involving careful judgement based on facts and observation
critical thinking important
it is what makes us adaptable, enables us to act independently, and allows us to move beyond what we already know
what questions should you ask yourself when critical thinking is needed
what problem do i need to solve
who should be involved
what info do i need
how do i solve this problem
what am i missing
punitive
inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
kardex
a type of card file that includes information important to the care of residents and includes drugs, treatments, diagnosis, and special needs
maslows heirarchy of needs
meeting an individuals physical needs before meeting psychosocial needs
physiological
relating to way in which a living organism or body part functions
benign tumor
nonlife threatening
epithelial tissue
tissue that covers internal and external body surfaces (lines nose, mouth, stomach, and intestines)
metastasis
when a cancer spreads to other parts of body by breaking off and traveling through body
organelle
carry on work of cells
radiation
medical treatment that kills cancer cells using xray beams at tumor
bedfast
confined to bed
dermatitis
inflammation of skin
pressure injury stage 1
intact skin, redness
pressure injury stage 2
skin loss, blister or shallow pink ulcer
pressure injury stage 3
skin gone, visible fat, slough-soft dead tissue
pressure injury stage 4
full thickness skin and tissue loss with muscle and bone exposure. eschar- thick leathery dead tissue
shear
when layers of skin rub against, tissues underneath move and stretch causing damage to capillaries and blood vessels
stasis dermatitis
a skin condition affecting lower legs and ankles that occurs from a buildup of fluid under the skin and causes problems with circulation
contracture
permenant shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
dorsiflexion
bending the toes and foot upward at the ankle
flexion
bending a body part
ligaments
connect bone to bone
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease affecting the elderly and may occur with aging or joint injury ussually involving weight bearing hips and knees
osteoporosis
loss of bone density causing bones to become porous and brittle
rheumatoid arthritis
crippling, disease forming deformaties, with stiff, painful joints
synovial membrane
lining of joints that secretes synovial fluid that acts as lubricant allowing joints to move smootly
cerebral cortex
outer layer of cerbrum where ideas, thinking, analysis, judgement, guides speech, control voluntary muscle movement
hemiparesis
weakness of one side of body
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of body
paresis
loss of use of muscle function affecting only part of body
parkensins disease
progressive, incurable disease that causes part brain to degenerate, leaving stiffened muscles, and bent posture
quadriplegia
complete loss of function occurs to lower and upper body, plus trunk
receptive aphasia
difficulty understanding spoken or written words
angina pectoris
chest pain occuring when heart muscles is not getting enough oxygen, due to narrowed blood vessels brought about by exercise
atherosclerosis
arteries harden due to plaque buildup from fatty deposits
myocardial infection
a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and lack oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart
peripheral vascular disease
poor circulation of legs, feets, arms, due to fatty deposits
varicose veins
enlarged, twisted veins ussually in legs
cyanosis
changes in skin color
emphysema
progressive disease of lungs causing damage, from chronic bronchitis
thorax
closed cavity of body that contains structures needed for respiration
colostomy
surgically created opening through abdomen into large intestine to allow stool to be expelled into bag
defecation
the passage of the bowel movement from large intestines out of body through anus
gastritis
inflammation of stomach lining
gastric ulcer
raw sores in stomach caused by excessive acid secretion
gastroesophageal reflux disease
chronic condition when liquid contents of stomach back up into esophagus that can damage lining
peristalsis
involuntary contractions that move food through digestive
ulcerative colitis
chronic imflammatory disease of large intestine
benign prostatic hypertrophy
enlargement of prostate gland, leading to urinary disfunction
cystitis
imflammation bladder from infection
suria
painful urination
hematuria
blood in urine
nephritis
imflammation of kidney from infection
cystocele
weakening of wall between urethra and vagina causing bladder to drop down into vaginal canal
prolapse
when a pelvic organ drops into vaginal canal
rectocele
occurs when wall of tissue weakens causing rectum to shift downward into vaginal canal
diabetes mellitis
occurs when pncreas produces to little insulin causing sugar buildup in the blood
graves disease
immune system attacks thyroid gland cause more secretion of thyroid hormone
lupus
the immune system attacks tissues causing redness, pain, and swelling.
what does a patient need if there tired, enemia, short of breath
iron
what is peristalsis
intestines contract
what do patients need most when going through kemo
emotional support
what is the nurse aides role in COPD patient
help with breathing
what heals pressure injuries
protien
what could happen if the bed covers are too tight
contraction in the tendon of the ankle
who completes the incident report
nurse
what is maslows heirarchy of needs
physiological
safety/security
love and belonging
self esteem
self actualization
what are signs of hypoglycemia
hunger,vomit,weak,shaky,sweating,fast pulse,fast respiration,confusion,clamy skin,convulsions
what are signs of hyperglycemia
weak,drowsy,thirst,dry mouth,hunger,low blood pressure,dry skin,blurred vision
