state written test Flashcards
what is ADL
activities of daily living
What is OBRA
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
what is the purpose of OBRA
designed to improve quality of life of residents living in a nursing home environment
What does the north carolina board of nursing administrative code do
defines range of function for nurse aide in north carolina
what does the north carolina board of nursing do
provides list of tasks that fall within the range of function for nurse aides in north carolina
what are the five rights of delegation
right task, right circumstance, right person, right direction, right supervision
what are some examples of basic nursing skills
monitor, document, report, manage pain, dressing changes
what can the nurse aide do while assisting with personal care needs
observe skin, mobility, comfort and cognition
what is the nurse aides role with interpersonal skills
empathize, anticipate needs, unique individuals, patience, respectful, positive attitude, communicate effectively
what are the qualities of an effective team
comfortable and relaxed, two way communication, trusting, understood
what is afebrile
without a fever
what is apnea
no breathing
what is bradycardia
a pulse rate less than 60 beats per minute
what is bradypnea
a respiratory rate less than 12 breaths per minute
what is centigrade
metric scale used to measure temperature, expressed in degrees
what is cheynestrokes
alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing, plus short periods of absent breathing
what is diastole
the resting phase of the heart when the heart fills with blood
what is dyspnea
painful or difficult breathing
what is eupnea
normal breathing
febrile
with a fever
what is hypertension
high blood pressure
what is hyperventilation
rapid breathing
what is hypotension
low blood pressure
what is orthostatic hypotension
abnormal low blood pressure occuring when the resident suddenly stands up, resident complains of weakness, faintness, dizzy, and seeing spots
what is systole
the working phase of the heart when the heart is pumping blood to the body
what is tachycardia
a pulse rate more than 100 beats
what is tachypnea
a respiratory rate more than 20 breaths per minute
what is edema
when fluid intake is more than fluid output and body tissues swell with water
what is an emesis basin
a plastic, shallow basin shaped like a kidney that fits against the resident’s neck and collects body fluids when a resident is nauseated and during mouthcare
what are your vital signs
temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure
what is the 5th vital sign
pain
what is the rate of normal respiration
12-20 breaths per minute
what is the cardiovascular system
continuous movement of blood through the body
what do veins do
carry blood with waste products away from the cells and to the heart
what do arteries do
carry blood with oxygen and nutrients away from the heart and to the cells
what can cause a change in your blood pressure
activity, position, lifestyle choice, stress, injury, medication
what are some genetic factors that affect blood pressure
age, gender
what is the sytolic
top number
what is the diastolic
bottom number
what is the normal range for blood pressure
90-119
60-79
when is someone in the hypertension range
130 and up
80
when is someone in the hypotension range
less than 90
60
what do the long lines on a cuff count as? and the short ones?
10
2
how much should you inflate a bp cuff
160-180
no more than 200
what are some factors affecting temperature
age, illness, stress, environment, exercise, time of day
when should you not take an oral temperature
unconscious
mouth surgery
injury
confused
seizure
oxygen
mouth breather
when should you not take rectal temperature
rectal problem
heart disease
confused
what should your oral temperature be
98.6
what should your rectal temperature be
99.6
how many ml of fluids do adults need to survive
1500 ml
what happens when fluid intake is higher than output
edema
what are the symptoms of dehydration
rapid, weak pulse, irregular heartbeat, low blood pressure, strong urine, dry mouth, weightloss, weakness, dizzy, headache, confusion
what is one ounce equal to
one ml
what is aseptic
clean
what is a norovirus
a contagious gastrointestinal illness
what is a localized infection
an infection found in one part of the body and symptoms are limited to that one part of the body
what is a systemic infection
an infection that affects an entire body
what are the symptoms of a respiratory infection
fever
sniffling
coughing
mucus
what are the symptoms of a bladder infection
fever, pain during urination, strong urine
what is the chain of infection
causative agent
reservoir
portal of exit
mode of transportation
portal of entry
susceptible host
what is the causative agent
bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite
what is a reservoir
places germs grow
blood, skin, digestive track
what is a portal of exit
nose, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, skin
what are modes of transportation
touch, blood, sputum, pus, saliva, stool, vomit, bites, fluids
what is portal of entry
nose, mouth, gastrointestinal tract, breaks in skin
what is susceptible host
age, chronic illness, cuts, fatigue, poor nutrition, stress
what is a HAI or nosocomial infection
an infection that a resident gets while staying in a health care setting
what is the point of care
when the resident, nurse aide and care are all involved
when do you need to wash your hands
before touching resident
before procedure
fluid exposure risk
after touching
arrive at work
after restroom
eating
gloving
trash
leaving work
blowing nose
sneezing
touching hair
what are the rules when handling sharps
wear gloves
never recap
only sharps container
never when full
what are the three types of transmission
contact
droplet
airborne
what is a norovirus
gastrointestinal infection
hand sanitizer not effective
no vaccination
contagious for three days
what is BEFAST
stroke symptoms
eyes, face, arms, speech, time.
what is PASS
pull the pin, aim at fire, squeeze handle, sweep at base
What is RACE
remove resident, activate alarm, contain fire, extinguish
what is a hazard
anything in the residents environment that may cause illness or injury
what is the nurse aides role in safety
maintain temp
bright lights
unit clean
report unsafe conditions
low bed, call bell, lock wheelchair
what is the definition of a fall
unintentionally coming to rest on the ground.
any sudden, uncontrollable descent from a higher level to a lower level which may result in injury
what are intrinsic factors
those risk factors that result from the residents inner being
what are extrinsic factors
those risk factors that result from those things outside resident
what is elopement
when a resident leaves the facility without the staffs knowledge
what is a cerebrovascular accident CVA
stroke
blood supply to brain is blocked
what is a seizure
involuntary contractions of muslces, small area or entire body
what is the nurse aides role with seizures
record time and stop
cradle head
put on gloves
loosen clothing
dont restrain
what is a tort
a wrong commited against a person or property
what is a malpractice
giving care for which you are not legally allowed
what is negligence
actions or failure to act or give proper care
what is assault
act of threatening to touch without consent
what is battery
touching a person without consent
what are the types of consent
written, verbal, implied
what kinds of consent can a nurse aide recieve
verbal, implied
what is defamation
false statement made to third person that causes a person shame or ridicule
what are symptoms of neglect
dehydration, malnutrition, pressure ulcers, personal hygiene
what are symptoms of physical abuse
sprains, bruises, fear, withdrawn, wounds, change in behavior
what are symptoms of emotional abuse
emotionally upset
extremely withdrawn
shamed
depressed
trembling
unusual behavior
what are examples of emotional abuse
intimidation, mocking, sexual harrasment, verbal threats, harrasment, social isolation
what is symptoms of exploitation
sudden new caretaker
increasingly helpless
what is HCPR? what do they do
health care personnel registry
lists pending allegations and substantial finding of nurse aides
negative consequences
what is an obudsman
person assigned to their district who supports or promotes their intrests
what is nurse aides role in ethics
good judgement, be honest, report abuse, empathy, provide high quality care
what is dignity
quality or state of being worthy of esteem or self respect
what is the importance of dignity
promotes sense of self importance
promote quality of life
positive self worth
what is nurse aides role in dignity
explain procedure to resident
respect room and items
be patient
encourage resident
dont judge
empathetic
assist to activities
knock on door
what is defecation
process of emptying the rectum of feces
what is basic restorative care
care provided after rehabilitation. goal to maintain function that had been restored
what is the importance of restorative care
maintain previous abilities
encourage resident to do as much on own
productive lifestyle
adapt to limitations
what is a prosthetic
replacement for loss of body part
what is a orthotic device
artificial device that replaces a body part and helps with function and appearance
what is a supportive device
special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident with movement
what are some examples of prosthetic devices
implanted lens, cochlear implants, hip prosthesis
what are some examples of orthotic devices
artificial eye, eyeglasses, contact lenses, breast
what is examples of a supportive device
canes, walkers, crutches, wheelchairs, motorized chairs
what is a assistive device
special equipment that helps a disabled or ill resident perform activities of daily living
what are some examples of assistive devices
bed cradles, footboards, angled utensils, sipper cup, food gaurd, electric toothbrush
defecation
empty the rectum of feces
what is the importance of bowel and bladder training
embarresing for resident
limits lifestyle
odor prevents family
what is nurse aides role in bladder training
keep record
answer call lights
dont rush
be positive
be supportive
dont scold
encourage fiber
keep clean
how much fluid is used in an enema
5oo ml
what is metastasis
when a cancer spreads to other parts of the body by breaking off and traveling to other parts of the body.
pressure injury stage 1
redness over bony prominence
pressure injury stage 2
skin loss, blister or shallow redish pink ulcer
pressure injury stage 3
skin loss, slough, dead soft tissue
pressure injury stage 4
skin and tissue loss, bone exposure, eschar
stasis dermatitis
a skin condition affecting lower legs and ankles that occurs from a buildup of fluid under the skin and causes problems with circulation
contracture
permanent shortening of muscle resulting in immovable joints
osteoporosis
loss of bone density causing bones to become porous and brettile, resulting in bones breaking easily
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
expressive aphasia
trouble communicating thoughts by speech or writing
hemiparesis
weakness on one side of body
hemiplegia
paralysis one one side of body
paraplegia
complete loss of function occurs to the lower body
paresis
loss of use of muscle function affecting only part of body
quadriplegia
complete loss of function occurs to lower and upper body, plus trunk
receptive aphasia
difficulty understanding spoken or written words
angina pectoris
chest pain occuring when the heart muslce is not getting enough oxygen due to narrowed blood vessels, brought about by excersize, stress, excitement, or digesting a big meal
atherosclerosis
arteries harden to plaque buildup from fatty deposits
coronary artery disease
a condition in which blood vessels in the coranary arteries narrow, lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen
myocardial infraction
a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage or death to that area of the heart
varicose veins
enlarged, twisted veins usually in the legs
emphysema
chronic, progressive disease of the lungs causing irreversible damage, usually resulting from chronic bronchitis and smoking
colostomy
a surgically created opening through the abdomen into large intestine to allow stool to be expelled into a bag affixed to the abdomen
flatulence
gas
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach lining
peristalsis
involuntary contractions that move food through the digestive system
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory disease of large intestine
benign prostatic hypertrophy
enlargement of prostate gland, a donut shaped structure around the male urethra, leading to urinary dysfunction
