Test 2 Flashcards
muscular tissue?
movement of skeleton, beating of heart, movement of food through digestive system
connective tissue?
makes up bone, cartilage, and blood; connects organs together
nervous tissue?
conducts electrical impulses through the brain, spinal cord and nerves
epithelial tissue?
makes up skin, lining of internal pathways, and glands
all tissues are made of….?
cells
nucleus?
controlled center, contains genetic information
endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesizes proteins and ships them around the cell
mitochondria?
converts food into ATP
golgi apparatus?
transports material around the cell in sacs called vesicles
lysosomes?
break down waste
centrioles?
aid in cell division
vacuoles?
store nutrients and water
cell?
basic unit of all living matter (adult=over 10 trillion cells)
cytoplasm?
substance of a cell outside of the nucleus
chromosomes?
46 in each body cell nucleus (23 pair)
-made of DNA, which codes for all the processes the cell does
DNA is shaped like a…?
double helix
DNA is used to….?
code for all of the proteins required by the body
A always bonds with…?
T
C always bonds with…?
G
transcription?
the process of converting the DNA code into an mRNA message
translation?
the mRNA strands leaves the cells nucleus and heads to the ribosome, where proteins are made
cell division?
when a large cell grows too large, the time necessary to brin in nutrients and remove waste gets inefficient
-to prevent this, cells divide on a regular cycle
mitosis?
the period of division in somatic cells
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes TWO IDENTICAL “daughter cells”
meiosis?
the period of division in sex cells (gametes)
-division of chromosomes and then cytoplasm
-one parent cell makes FOUR DIFFERENT “daughter cells”
passive transport?
cells need to move materials in and out
-use specialized, semi-permeable membranes
diffusion (passive transport)?
-with concentration gradient
-moves from areas of HIGH to lox concentration
simple diffusion?
movement of particles through bilayer from high to low concentration
dialysis diffusion (passive transport)?
diffusion of small solute particles through selectively permeable membrane
osmosis diffusion (passive transport)?
diffusion of water
facilitated diffusion (passive transport)?
diffusion of particles though membrane with help of carrier proteins
active transport?
moves molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration
-DOES require energy
endocytosis (active transport)?
“into cell”
phagocytosis?
“to eat”
pinocytosis?
“to drink”
exocytosis (active transport)?
“out of cell”
enzymes are…?
VERY SPECIFIC
catabolism?
big things to little things
anabolism?
little things to big things
embryonic development of tissues?
after fertilization, the cell divides and becomes a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst
endoderm?
innermost layer of cells or tissue
mesoderm?
the middle layer of an embryo
ectoderm?
outer most layer of an embryo
histogenesis?
when the tissue layer differentiate into tissues
epithelial tissue?
-protects from injury and foreign particles
-found in skin, nose, eye, and ear
-includes hormone, mucus, digestive juices and sweat
-absorbs nutrients and gases in lungs
-excretes in kidney and urine
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CELL SHAPE AND NUMBER OF LAYERS
simple squamous?
single flay layer of cells that are thin and permeable
-function: rapid diffusion of materials
-found in blood vessels and lung tissues
simple cuboidal?
single layer of cube shaped cells
-function: secretion and absorption of substances
-found in the tissues of the kidney
