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ANATOMY > Muscular System Review > Flashcards

Muscular System Review Flashcards

1
Q

three types of muscle?

A

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

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2
Q

skeletal classifications?

A

striated, voluntary, multinucleated

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3
Q

smooth classifications?

A

nonstriated, involuntary

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4
Q

cardiac classifications?

A

striated, involuntary, intercalated disks

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5
Q

three functions of muscles?

A

movement, heat production, posture

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6
Q

four characteristics of the muscular system?

A

excitability, contractibility, extensibility, and elasticity

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7
Q

the covering of individual muscle fibers?

A

endomysium

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8
Q

the covering of the entire muscle?

A

fascia

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9
Q

the covering of fascicles?

A

perimysium

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10
Q

the muscles that are arranged like feathers in a plume?

A

bipennate

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11
Q

the muscles that are arranged in a circle?

A

sphincter

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12
Q

the muscles that are arranged and run parallel?

A

parallel

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13
Q

origin?

A

the part that does NOT move when muscle contracts

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14
Q

insertion?

A

the part that does move when muscle contracts

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15
Q

muscles are named by?

A

location, function, shape, fiber direction, number of heads/divisions, points of attachment, muscle size

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16
Q

location examples?

A

frontalis, femoris, gluteus

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17
Q

function examples?

A

abductor, adductor, depressor

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18
Q

shape examples?

A

deltoid, orbicularis, platy

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19
Q

fiber direction examples?

A

oblique, rectus, sphincter

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20
Q

number of heads/divisions examples?

A

bicep, triceps, quadricep

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21
Q

points of attachment examples?

A

origin and insertion

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22
Q

muscle size examples?

A

brevis, longus, magnus

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23
Q

antagonist?

A

the one that opposes prime mover, relaxes when prime mover contracts

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24
Q

agonist?

A

the one that is the prime mover, muscle most responsible for movement

25
Q

synergist?

A

the aid prime mover, contract at same time as prime mover

26
Q

the muscle that shrugs the shoulders?

A

trapezius

27
Q

the posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm?

A

tricep

28
Q

the posterior arm muscle that flexes the forearm?

A

bicep

29
Q

the muscles of the quadricep femoris?

A

rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius

30
Q

the muscles of the hamstring?

A

biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus

31
Q

the muscles that move the upper arm?

A

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, and the rotator cuff

32
Q

the muscle for chewing?

A

temproalis

33
Q

the muscle for closing the eyes?

A

orbicularis oculi

34
Q

the muscle for raising the eyebrows?

A

occipitofrontalis

35
Q

the muscle for puckering?

A

orbicularis oris

36
Q

correct order for the arrangement of parts of skeletal muscle?

A

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, and muscles

37
Q

the contractile unit of a myofibril?

A

sarcomere

38
Q

the chief function of the T tubule?

A

they maintain the SR calcium store under the tight control of membrane depolarization via the voltage sensor channel DHPR

39
Q

increase in muscle size?

A

hypertrophy

40
Q

decrease in muscle size?

A

atrophy

41
Q

muscle fatigue?

A

the muscles loses ability to contract due to lack of ATP, and lactic acids builds up. ATP is no longer efficiently being used for cross-bridges

42
Q

good posture?

A

-your head and chest are held high
-your chin, abdomen, buttocks are pulled in
-your knees are slightly bent
-your feet are firmly on the ground 6 in. apart

43
Q

pushing against the wall is an example of?

A

isometric contraction

44
Q

when a muscle cell is stimulated by a threshold stimulus it shows?

A

All or None response

45
Q

the first event to occur in muscle relaxation?

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum, begins actively pumping calcium back into its sacs

46
Q

the insertion of muscle is?

A

the point of attachment that moves when the muscle contracts

47
Q

rigor mortis?

A

caused because of the lack of ATP to “turn off” muscle contraction

48
Q

anaerobic respiration?

A

the first choice of the muscle cell for the production of ATP

49
Q

skeletal muscles contribute to maintaining body temperature by?

A

generating heat, muscle contraction requires energy and produces heat as a by product of metabolism

50
Q

the viral infection of the nerves that control skeletal movement?

A

poliomyelitis

51
Q

a group of genetic diseases characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle tissue?

A

muscular dystrophy

52
Q

the name for muscle pain is?

A

myalgia

53
Q

the name for the condition when the weakening of abdominal muscles that can cause organ protrusion, obstruction, gangrene, and severe pain is?

A

reducible or strangulated hernias

54
Q

the process of muscle contraction?

A

ATP energizes a myosin head and is converted into ADP+P.
Calcium ions bond to troponin, removing the blocking action of tropomyosin and exposing the active site.
The myosin head attaches to the actin filament, creating a cross-bridge.
Energy stored in the myosin head is used to pull the actin filaments toward the M line.
ADP+P, are released.
As new ATP attaches to the myosin head, the cross bridge detaches.
Freed myosin head splits ATP into ADP and P, released energy recocks myosin head to prepare for next stroke.

55
Q

charley horse?

A

an intense muscle spasms, last few seconds to few hours, caused by injury or overuse.
treatment is to stop activity, stretch and massage, heat to relax muscle, and ice when spasm is over

56
Q

polio?

A

a viral infection of nerves controlling skeletal movement, and a vaccine created in US in 1950s, but not everywhere

57
Q

all or none effect?

A

the muscle or nerve responds completely or not at all

58
Q

contusion?

A

a bruise and it causes swelling and pain and can limit joint range of motion near the injury.
the injured muscle may feel weak and stiff.

ANATOMY (24 decks)

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