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Pathobiology > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what vitamin is an antioxidant, defender against free radicals, protects lipids in membrane

A

vitamin E

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1
Q

which vitamin could be a potential treatment for periodontitis

A

vitamin D

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1
Q

what trace mineral has very similar oral symtoms to B vitamins

A

iron

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2
Q

In adults, common side effects include weight loss, constipation, raised cholesterol levels and, in women, menstrual irregularities including amenorrhoea, also acidosis and hypoglycemia-these affects come from what type of diet

A

ketogenic diet

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2
Q

megadoses of what three water soluble vitamin derivatives is harmful

A

niacin, B6, vitamin c

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3
Q

what is the thing that most influences caries

A

fequency of consumption of sugars

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3
Q

which viatmins are
Generally used as coenzymes and energy production

A

water soluble vitamins

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5
Q

ketogenic low carb diets can put stress on what organ

A

kidney

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5
Q

an acute form of childhood protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, swollen stomach

A

Kwashiorkor

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5
Q

what vitamin catalyzes the synthesis of prothrombin (blood clotting)

A

vitamin K

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5
Q

what are the 4 possible mechanisms that fats provide oral health

A

oily lipid layer covering teeth, reduces food retention

fatty layer over plaque prevents fermentable sugars to be reduced to acid

high concentration of fatty acids interfere with bacteria

increase in dietary fat decreases intake of fermentable carbs

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5
Q

defincency in what vitamin leads to gout, scurvy (under 10 mg)

A

vitamin C

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5
Q

Vit a promotes health of the epithelial cells and oral structures true or false

A

true

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6
Q

deficiency in what acid result in anemia, mental confusion, glossitis, red swollen tongue

A

folic acid

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6
Q

calcium salts form crystals to form what in teeth

A

hydroxyapatite

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7
Q

a protein that lacks one or more essential amino acids is

A

an incomplete protein

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8
Q

what is perscribed for PMS, found in muscle

A

B6

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10
Q

soluble in fat, insoluble in water, stored in adipose tissue, function as hormones is

A

fat soluble vitamins

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11
Q

zinc can lead to what disease

A

dwarfism

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12
Q

The deficiency of what vitamin is likely to cause gum ponpoint hemorrhaging

A

vitamin C

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13
Q

vitamins that function as co enzymes

A

water soluble

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14
Q

how many calories in a pound

A

3500

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15
Q

what is the substrate used by oral bacterias to produce acids that decalcify tooth decay

A

fermentable sugars

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17
Q

what is a sweetener that does not contribute to caries

A

aspartame

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18
Q

which type of fat is most helpful for the body

A

monounsaturated fats

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18
Q

appearance of calciotraumatic line in dentin is due to a lack of what vitamin

A

D

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19
Q

four function of proteins

A

growth, enzymes, hormones, antibodies

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20
Q

Inflammation , chelosis, and smooth shiny red swollen tongue are signs of

A

vitamin B deficiency

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20
Q

type of mineral that is uncommon and is needed in low amounts according to RDA (zinc, copper, magnesium)

A

trace minerals

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21
Q

lack of vitamin A can lead to

A

poor vision and keritinization of skin

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22
Q

breakdown of protein tissues to make glucose

A

gluconeogenisis

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23
Q

how are caries produced by Carbs (4 steps)

A

-fermentable sugars and starches broken down in mouth,

  • metabolize into acid by oral bacteria,
  • acids dissolve tooth enamel,
  • and use sugars to make plaque
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24
Q

type of mineral needed in high amounts to sustain normal cell function (sodium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium)

A

macrominerals

25
Q

What is the most chronic disease of 5-17 yr olds

A

dental caries

26
Q

what is a disease caused by chronic starvation

A

Marasmus

27
Q

most common nutrition disease in world is

A

protein deficiency

29
Q

when the body makes ketone bodies from fat what is that called

A

ketosis

29
Q

vitamin with most ramification for oral health

A

vitamin B

30
Q

riboflaven is what B vitamin

A

B2

31
Q

What vitamin deficiency likely to produce pertichia

A

vitamin C

33
Q

CHO carbohydartes facilitate oxidation of what molecules

A

fats

35
Q

Promotes growth and repairs of body tissues, bone formation and healthy skin and hair. Essential for night vision.

A

Vitamin A

36
Q

which vitamin has a principal action of raising blood concentration of calcium and phosphorus

A

Vitamin D

37
Q

which vitamin is an antioxidant

A

vitamin E

38
Q

less mucous, cleft palate, reduced saliva is a result of what vitamin deficiency

A

vitamin A

40
Q

Malnutrition affects periodontal disease by decreasing

A

salvitory flow

40
Q

what macromineral functions in mineralization of bones and teeth

A

calcium

42
Q

what vitamin promotes health of oral structures, promotes bone remodeling, maintains health of epithelial cells of skin

A

vitamin A

44
Q

decreased salvitory production of glands, hyperkeritinization of mucous glands, less mucus formed and cleft palate(result of deficiency and excess) are all ORAL HEALTH issues that deal with what vitamin

A

A

45
Q

what vitamins are fat soluble

A

A, D, K , E

47
Q

protein malnutrition can lead to (5)

A

overcrowding of mouth

hypoplasia

reduced resistance to perio disease

delayed eruption

reduced immunity

48
Q

hypoplasia of enamel and dentin is a major result of what vitamin deficiency

A

D

49
Q

what are two examples of water soluble vitamins

A

vitamins B , C

51
Q

a potentially harmful fatty acid

A

trans fatty acids

52
Q

swollen, smooth bright red tounge is a difficency in what

A

vitamin B

53
Q

low birth weight in infants is associated with what disease

A

periodontal disease

55
Q

what vitamin supports bone formation, raise blood concentration of calcium and phosphorus, hormone

A

vitamin D

56
Q

1 vitamin related to vision found in carrots and mangos,

also found in hair and nails

A

vitamin A

57
Q

protein RDA in g/kg of body weight

A

0.8 g/kg

57
Q

bones dont calcify, rickets (skeletal deformities), osteomalacia (adult rickets) are produced from a deficiency of what vitamin

A

D

58
Q

Carbs and fats reduce cariogenicity by doing what two things when eaten together

A

raises oral pH, reduces retention of Carbs

59
Q

which vitamin promotes vision, promotes bone remodeling, promotes health of oral structures

A

Vitamin A

60
Q

what is most cariogenic

A

apple juice in babies bottle

61
Q

what is true about herbal remedies

A

they dont all have the same amount

62
Q

increases tooth mineralization, remineralization and bone density

A

flouride

63
Q

retinoids and carotenoid are sources of what vitamin

A

vitamin A

64
Q

periodontal disease can be caused by

A

megadoses

66
Q

energy production vitamins, also found in citric acid (TCA) cycle

A

B vitamin

67
Q

what is perscribe to lower cholesterol

A

niacin

68
Q

dry mouth, gingival swelling or bleeding, burning sensation in roof of mouth, redness of oral mucosa are manifestations of what disease

A

diabetes

70
Q

principal action of what vitamin is to raise blood concentration of calcium and phosphorus

A

vitamin D

71
Q

what are the three nutritive sweeteners

A

sorbitol, manoitol and xylitol

72
Q

vitamins that function as hormones

A

fat soluble

73
Q

what is the RDA for protein in men and women

A

Men is 56 g and femal is 46 g

74
Q

what is the RDA of vitamin C for male and female

A

75 mg (non smoking) 100-110 for smoking adult

76
Q

Four notes from surgeon general report

A
  • large oral health disparities exist in USA
  • life styles that affect overall health also affect oral and craniofacial health
  • effective measures exist to prevent the two most common oral diseases, periodontitis and caries
  • oral diseases in and of themselves affect overall well being
77
Q

least cariogenic sweetener

A

aspartame

78
Q

a protein that contains all 9 of the essential amino acids

A

complete protein

79
Q

bleeding of gums, loose teeth results from deficiency in what

A

vitamin C

80
Q

which three vitamins have known toxicity

A

A and D, C

81
Q

what molecules are responsible for mineralization and calcification of bone and teeth

A

Lipids

Pathobiology (5 decks)

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