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Functional Anatomy > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

superior boundaries of the abdomen are

A

costal rib margin, xiphoid process

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2
Q

inferior boundaries of the abdomen are

A

Inguinal ligament

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3
Q

lateral boundaries of the abdomen are

A

vertical line from asis to costal margin

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4
Q

anterior boundaries of the abdomen is the

A

umbilicus

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5
Q

horizontal line at umbilicus and verticle line at linea alba form what

A

quadrants of the abdomen

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6
Q

external and internal oblique looks like

A

fan shaped

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7
Q

fibers that run inferior and medially can refer to what

A

external oblique

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8
Q

origin of the oblique starts at

A

external surfaces of ribs 5-12

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9
Q

insertion of the oblique starts at

A

linea alba

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10
Q

actions of the external oblique

A

unilateral and bilateral

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11
Q

unilateral actions of the external oblique

A

contralateral rotation, lateral flexion

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12
Q

bilateral actions of the external oblique

A

forward flexion, compress and support abdominal viscera

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13
Q

fibers that run mostly superior and medially refers to the

A

internal oblique

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14
Q

thoracolumbar fasica is the orignin of what

A

internal oblique

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15
Q

nerves for the internal oblique are the

A

thoracoabdomial nerves

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16
Q

ipsilateral rotation and laternal flexion are actions of what

A

unilateral actions of internal obliques

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17
Q

foward flexion, compress and support abdominal viscera are actions of what

A

bilateral internal oblique

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18
Q

sternal diaphragm

A

2 slips that attach to posterior xiphoid refer to

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19
Q

costal part of diaphragm

A

slips attach to internal aspect of inferior 6 costal cartilages and adjoining ribs refer to

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20
Q

lumbar part of diaphragm

A

musculotendinous bundles attaching to anterior aspect of bodies refer to

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21
Q

central tendon diaphragm

A

top and center of the hood where everything attaches refers to as

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22
Q

actions of the diaphragm

A

chief muscle of inspiration (allows air to move into the lungs)

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23
Q

psoas major, psoas minor, illiacus are all apart of what

A

posterior wall abdominal muscles

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24
Q

psoas minor

A

weak flexor of the lumbar spine

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25
Q

iliposas

A

psoas major and the illicus, strongest of the hip flexors

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26
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

aka hip hiker

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27
Q

tendinous insertion

A

line between rectus abdominis

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28
Q

linea similunaris

A

lateral aspect of rectus abdominus

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29
Q

dorsal root

A

receives infromation

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30
Q

ventral root

A

sends out information

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31
Q

spinal cord last to what

A

coccyx

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32
Q

lumbar spine is made up of

A

5 lumbar vertebra

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33
Q

coccyx

A

serves at attachment point end of spine

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34
Q

functions of the vertebral column

A

transmit force from upper extremities to the pelvic girdle, assist in impact shock, provide motions in all 3 planes.

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35
Q

spine consists of a curved stacked of how many vertebreae

A

33 vertebral

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36
Q

regions of the verterbral

A

7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, 5 sacral vertebrae, 4 small fused coccygeal vertebrae

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37
Q

vertebral foramen is made up of

A

vertebral canal, peicles

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38
Q

vertebral processes is made up of

A

spinous process, transverse processes(2), articular processes(4)

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39
Q

bifid spinous, and transverse foramina comes from

A

cervical vertebrae allows movement of head

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40
Q

c1 and c2 refer to as

A

atlas, axis

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41
Q

thoracic vertebrae look like

A

heart shaped bodies allows 23 1/2 degrees for rotation, has articulations on the side

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42
Q

lumbar vertebrae look like

A

oval bodies, massive bodies, no articulation on the side. articulation is facing inward.

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43
Q

lumbar vertebrae creates

A

stability, and prevention of movement

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44
Q

sacral vertebrae look like

A

fused canal

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45
Q

coccygeal vertebrae look like

A

tailbone, attachment point for muscles and ligaments

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46
Q

curvatures of veterbrae

A

kyphotic curves(exaggerated thoracic curve), lordosis (exaggerated lumbar curves)

47
Q

interverbal disks makes up how much height of the spine

A

25%

48
Q

annulus fibrosus

A

outside of intervertebral disc

49
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

inside of intervertebral disc made up of water

50
Q

parts of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrous

51
Q

C1 looks like what and c 2 looks like what

A

C1- point at very top

C2- circle shaped

52
Q

Forces on the spine include

A

body weight tension in spinal ligament/ surrounding muscles, intra abdominal pressure, external loads

53
Q

when the spine is in an upright position the major form of loading is

A

axial

54
Q

bending load in the posterior direction is created by

A

lumbar hyperextension

55
Q

lower back pain is current in about how much of the population

A

75-80%

56
Q

pars interarticularis is the most common what

A

vertebral fracture

57
Q

disc hernitations cause how much back pain

A

1-5%

58
Q

spondylolysis and spondyloltheis are what

A

compression of the phaset joints that leads to stress fractures. this doesnt heal with time

59
Q

what are the superficial muscles of the back musculature

A

trapezius(upper, middle, lower), latissimus dorsi, levator scapula, rhomboid(major,minor)

60
Q

trapezius origin

A

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae

61
Q

insertion of the trapezius

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon, spine of scapula

62
Q

nerve of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

63
Q

actions of the trapezius

A

upper fibbers- elevate scapula
middle fibers- retract scapula
lower fibers- depress scapula

64
Q

latissimus dorsi origin

A

sp of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

65
Q

latissimus dorsi insertion

A

floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus

66
Q

nerve of the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve

67
Q

actions of the latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

68
Q

levator scapula origin

A

posterior tubercles of transverse processess of c1-c4

69
Q

insertion of the levator scapula

A

superior aspect of the medial border of the scapula

70
Q

nerve of the levator scapula

A

dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves

71
Q

actions of the levator scapula

A

elevates scapula and tilts the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula in downward direction

72
Q

rhomboid origin

A

minor- nuchal ligament and sp of c7 + t1

major- sp of t2-t5

73
Q

insertion of the rhomboid

A

medial border of the scapula from the spine to the interior angle

74
Q

nerve of the rhomboid

A

dorsal scapular nerve

75
Q

actions of the rhomboid

A

retract scapula and rotate the scapula in downward direction to depress the glenoid cavity, fix scapula to the thorax, assist with elevation of the scapula with l.s

76
Q

serratus posterior superior origin

A

ligamentum nuchae

77
Q

serratus posterior superior insertion

A

superior borders of ribs 2-4

78
Q

nerve of serratus posterior superior nerve

A

2nd- 5th intercostal nerve

79
Q

actions of serratus posterior superior

A

elevate ribs

80
Q

serratus posterior inferior origin

A

sp of t11-l2

81
Q

serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near angles

82
Q

serratus posterior inferior nerves

A

ventral rami of 9th-12th thoracis spinal nerve

83
Q

action of serratus posterior inferior

A

depress ribs

84
Q

erector spinae is consisted of

A

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

85
Q

spinalis origin

A 
Broad tendon from
posterior aspect of iliac crest,
posterior surface of sacrum,
inferior lumbar SP,
supraspinous ligament
86
Q

insertion of spinalis

A

sp of thoracic and cervical vertebrae

87
Q

nerve of spinalis

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

88
Q

action of spinalis

A

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

89
Q

longissimus origin

A

broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament

90
Q

longissimus insertion

A

tp in thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process

91
Q

nerve of longissimus

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

92
Q

action of longissimus

A

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

93
Q

illiocostalis origin

A

broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament

94
Q

illocostalis insertion

A

angles of lower ribs and cervical tp

95
Q

nerve of illiocostalis

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

96
Q

action of illiocostalis

A

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

97
Q

parts of the transversospinal musculature

A

semispinalis(thoracis, cericis, capitis), multifidus, rotatores

98
Q

semispinalis origin

A

tp c4-t12

99
Q

semispinalis insertion

A

occipital bone, sp in thoracic and cercvical regions, spanning 2-4 segments

100
Q

nerve of semispinalis

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

101
Q

action of semispinalis

A

extend head cervical, and thoracic regions, contralateral rotation

102
Q

multifidus origin

A

sacrum, illium, tp t1-t3 articular processes c4-c7

103
Q

multifidus insertion

A

pass super medially to sp of vertebrae above, spanning 2-4 segments

104
Q

nerve of multifidus

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

105
Q

action of multifidus

A

stabilize the vertebrae during movement of the vertebral column

106
Q

rotatores origin

A

tp of vertebrae

107
Q

rotatores insertion

A

pass superomedially to attach at the junction of lamina and tp or sp of vertebrea above their origin spanning 1-2 segments

108
Q

rotatores nerve

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

109
Q

action of rotatores

A

stabilize the vertebrae assist with extension and rotary movements

110
Q

origin of the quadratus lumborum

A

medial 1/2 of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar tp

111
Q

quadratus lumborum insertion

A

lliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest

112
Q

quadratus lumborum nerve

A

ventral branches of t12 and l1-l4 nerves

113
Q

action of quadratus lumborum

A

extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column fixes 12th rib during inspiration

Functional Anatomy (5 decks)

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