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Functional Anatomy > lower extremity > Flashcards

lower extremity Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the lower extemity

A

pelvis, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

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2
Q

what is the largest and strongest bone in the body

A

femur

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3
Q

what is the largest bone of the lower leg

A

tibia

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4
Q

what supports 2% of the body weight

A

fibula

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5
Q

fibula is the attachment site for the

A

biceps femoris muscle

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6
Q

patella is the largest what

A

largest sesamoid bone in the body

used for extra leverage

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7
Q

knee quadriceps function

A

knee extension

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8
Q

knee musculature

A

quadriceps , hamstring, biceps femoris (long, short), semitendinosus, semimembranousus

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9
Q

what are the quadriceps

A

vastus medilais, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris

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10
Q

hamstring allows for what

A

knee flexion and extension

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11
Q

bicep femoris pa

A

long head- tuberosity of the ischium,

short head- linea aspera

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12
Q

innervation of the long head of the bicep femoris

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

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13
Q

innervation of the short head of the bicep femoris

A

common fibular division of the sciatic nerve

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14
Q

da of the bicep femoris

A

lateral head of the fibula

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15
Q

action for eh biceps femoris

A

flexes leg and rotates it laterally when knee is flexed

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16
Q

semimembranosus pa

A

ischial tuberosity

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17
Q

semimembranosus da

A

medial condyle of tibia

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18
Q

innervation of semimembranosus

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

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19
Q

semitendinosis pa

A

ischial tuberosity

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20
Q

da of the semitendinosis

A

medial surface of the superior part of the tibia

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21
Q

innervation of the semitendinosis

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve

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22
Q

semitendinosis and semimembranosus action

A

extend thigh, flex leg and rotate it medially when knee is flexed

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23
Q

knee is what kind of hinge

A

modified hinge

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24
Q

what kind of joint is the knee

A

synovial type joint

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25
Q

how many articular surfaces does the knee consist of

A

three

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26
Q

what is the range of motion for the knee

A

extension 0-140 degrees, rotation 5-10 degrees

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27
Q

articular surfaces of the knee

A

lateral and medial articulation between femoral and tibial condyles, intermediate articulation between the patella and femur
proximal tibiofibular joint

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28
Q

patellofemoral joint is what

A

thickest layer of articular cartilage in the body, used for mechanical advantages

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29
Q

ligamentous structures

A

extracapsular- patellar ligament, lateral collateral ligament(lcl), medial collateral ligament(mcl), anterolateral ligament(all)

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30
Q

patellar ligament distal part

A

quadriceps tendon

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31
Q

medial collateral ligament is used for

A

first line of protection used against valgus

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32
Q

lateral collateral ligeament results against what

A

resist again forces moving away from the body

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33
Q

all is how much of acl injuries that is ongoing

A

2-15

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34
Q

intra articular ligament include

A

anterior cruciate ligament (acl) and posterior cruciate ligament (pcl)

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35
Q

cruciate mean

A

to cross

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36
Q

anterior cruciate ligament starts and end

A

femoral intercondylar notch to anterior tibial sulcus

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37
Q

anterior cruciate ligament prevents what

A

prevents the femur from moving posteriorly during weight bearing secondary restraint against valgus

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38
Q

posterior cruciate ligament

A

posterior lateral tibia to anterior medial femur

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39
Q

posterior cruciate ligament prevents what

A

prevents against hyperextension of the knee and femur

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40
Q

secondary ligaments include

A

coronary ligaments, transverse ligament, ligament of weisberg

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41
Q

menisci is what

A

space between the femur and tibia

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42
Q

menisci function

A

provide shock, absorption, joint stability, and lubrication

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43
Q

medial minisci is shallow or deep

A

shallow c shaped

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44
Q

lateral minisci is shallow or deep

A

deep o shaped

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45
Q

what is the most common ligament injury in the knee

A

acl injuries

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46
Q

what force does the mcl injury is caused by

A

valgus force(moving toward the midline of the body)

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47
Q

what force does the lcl injury caused by

A

varus force(moving away from the midline of the body)

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48
Q

acl injuries is most commonly caused by what

A

sudden change in position

49
Q

what is the unhappy triad

A

acl, mcl, posterior horn of the medial meniscus injury

50
Q

gludious maximus

A

is the most superficial and biggest muscle of the whole body

51
Q

gludious maximus

A

is the most superficial and biggest muscle of the whole body

52
Q

gluteus maximus pa

A

illium posterior to posterior gluteal line

53
Q

gluteus maximus da

A

most fibers end in ilitibial tract

54
Q

actions of gluteus maximus

A

extend the hip relative to the trunk, external rotation

55
Q

gluteus medius pa

A

external surface of ilium

56
Q

gluteus medius da

A

lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

57
Q

gluteus medius pa

A

external surface of ilium

58
Q

gluteus minimus da

A

anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur

59
Q

innervation of gluteal muscles

A

superficial gluteal nerves- skin of the gluteal region

deep gluteal nerves- skin and motor

60
Q

all innervation of the gluteal muscles are branches of what

A

sacral plexus

61
Q

the piriformis is considered what

A

landmark muscle group

62
Q

obturator intemus pa

A

pelvic surface

63
Q

superior gemellus pa

A

iscial spine

64
Q

inferior gemellus pa

A

ischial tuberosity

65
Q

obturator internus, superior and inferior gemellus da

A

medial surface of greater trochanter

66
Q

innervation of obturator internus, superior gemellus

A

nerve to obturactor internus

67
Q

inferior gemellus innervaiton

A

nerve to quadratus

68
Q

psoas major pa

A

sides of t12-l5

69
Q

psoas major da

A

lesser trochanter of femur

70
Q

nerve of psoas major

A

ventral rami of lumbar

71
Q

ilicus pa

A

iliac crest

72
Q

ilicus da

A

tendon of psoas major

73
Q

nerve of ilicus

A

femoral

74
Q

action of psoas major and ilicus

A

primary hip flexor

75
Q

psoas minor pa

A

sides of t12-l1

76
Q

psoas minor da

A

pectineal line

77
Q

action of psoas minor

A

assist psoas major in flexing

78
Q

tensor fascia latae pa

A

asis

79
Q

tensor fascia latae da

A

lateral condyle of tibia

80
Q

tensor fascia latae nerve

A

superior gluteal

81
Q

tensor fascia latae action

A

abduct

82
Q

sartorius pa

A

asis

83
Q

sartorius da

A

superior part of medial tibia

84
Q

sartorius nerve

A

femoral nerve

85
Q

action of satorius

A

tailor

86
Q

pes anserine is what

A

place of attachment on medial tibia for sartorius

87
Q

pectineus pa

A

pectin pubic

88
Q

pectineus da

A

pectineal line of femur

89
Q

pectineus nerve

A

femoral nerve

90
Q

action of pectineus

A

adducts and flexes thigh

91
Q

adductor longus pa

A

body of pubis

92
Q

adductor longus da

A

middle third of linea aspera

93
Q

nerve of adductor longus

A

obturator nerve

94
Q

action of adductor longus

A

adduct thigh

95
Q

adductor brevis pa

A

inferior ramus

96
Q

adductor brevis da

A

pectineal line

97
Q

nerve of adductor brevis

A

obturator nerve

98
Q

aciton of adductor brevis

A

adduct and flexes

99
Q

gracilis pa

A

infrior ramus

100
Q

gracilis da

A

superior part of medial tibia

101
Q

nerve of gracilis

A

obturator nerve

102
Q

aciton of gracilis

A

adduct thigh

103
Q

hamstring portion pa

A

ischial tuberoisty

104
Q

hamstring portion da

A

adductor tubercle

105
Q

nerve of hamstring portion

A

tibial portion of sciatic nerve

106
Q

action of hamstring portion

A

extend thigh

107
Q

adductor portion pa

A

inferior rammus

108
Q

adductor portion da

A

gluteal tuberosity

109
Q

nerve of adductor portion

A

obturator nerve

110
Q

action of adductor portion

A

adduct

111
Q

superficial layer going form lateral to medial of anterior muscles

A

pectineus, adductor longus, gracilis

112
Q

intermediate layer of anterior muscles

A

adductor brevis

113
Q

deepest layer of anterior muscles

A

adductor magnus

114
Q

femoral triangle borders superior

A

inguinal ligament

115
Q

femoral triangle medial border

A

adductor longus

116
Q

femoral triangle lateral border

A

sartorus

117
Q

femoral triangle floor border

A

pectineus and iliposoas

118
Q

femoral triangle navel lateral to medial

A

femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, empty space and lympth

119
Q

femoral triangle van medial to lateral

A

femoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve

Functional Anatomy (5 decks)

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