Posterior Muscles

Question 1

what are the superficial muscles of the back musculature

Answer 1

trapezius(upper, middle, lower), latissimus dorsi, levator scapula, rhomboid(major,minor)

Question 2

trapezius origin

Answer 2

medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae

Question 3

insertion of the trapezius

Answer 3

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acrominon, spine of scapula

Question 4

nerve of trapezius

Answer 4

spinal accessory nerve

Question 5

actions of the trapezius

Answer 5

upper fibbers- elevate scapula
middle fibers- retract scapula

lower fibers- depress scapula

Question 6

latissimus dorsi origin

Answer 6

sp of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3-4 ribs

Question 7

latissimus dorsi insertion

Answer 7

floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus

Question 8

nerve of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 8

thoracodorsal nerve

Question 9

actions of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 9

extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

Question 10

levator scapula origin

Answer 10

posterior tubercles of transverse processess of c1-c4

Question 11

insertion of the levator scapula

Answer 11

superior aspect of the medial border of the scapula

Question 12

nerve of the levator scapula

Answer 12

dorsal scapular nerve and cervical nerves

Question 13

actions of the levator scapula

Answer 13

elevates scapula and tilts the glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating the scapula in downward direction

Question 14

rhomboid origin

Answer 14

minor- nuchal ligament and sp of c7 + t1

major- sp of t2-t5

Question 15

insertion of the rhomboid

Answer 15

medial border of the scapula from the spine to the interior angle

Question 16

nerve of the rhomboid

Answer 16

dorsal scapular nerve

Question 17

actions of the rhomboid

Answer 17

retract scapula and rotate the scapula in downward direction to depress the glenoid cavity, fix scapula to the thorax, assist with elevation of the scapula with l.s

Question 18

serratus posterior superior origin

Answer 18

ligamentum nuchae

Question 19

serratus posterior superior insertion

Answer 19

superior borders of ribs 2-4

Question 20

nerve of serratus posterior superior nerve

Answer 20

2nd- 5th intercostal nerve

Question 21

actions of serratus posterior superior

Answer 21

elevate ribs

Question 22

serratus posterior inferior origin

Answer 22

sp of t11-l2

Question 23

serratus posterior inferior insertion

Answer 23

inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near angles

Question 24

serratus posterior inferior nerves

Answer 24

ventral rami of 9th-12th thoracis spinal nerve

Question 25

action of serratus posterior inferior

Answer 25

depress ribs

Question 26

erector spinae is consisted of

Answer 26

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

Question 27

spinalis origin

Answer 27

Broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar SP, supraspinous ligament

Question 28

insertion of spinalis

Answer 28

sp of thoracic and cervical vertebrae

Question 29

nerve of spinalis

Answer 29

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

Question 30

action of spinalis

Answer 30

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

Question 31

longissimus origin

Answer 31

broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament

Question 32

longissimus insertion

Answer 32

tp in thoracic and cervical regions, mastoid process

Question 33

nerve of longissimus

Answer 33

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

Question 34

action of longissimus

Answer 34

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

Question 35

illiocostalis origin

Answer 35

broad tendon from posterior aspect of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum, inferior lumbar sp, supraspinous ligament

Question 36

illocostalis insertion

Answer 36

angles of lower ribs and cervical tp

Question 37

nerve of illiocostalis

Answer 37

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

Question 38

action of illiocostalis

Answer 38

lateral bending of vetebral column, extend the head and neck

Question 39

parts of the transversospinal musculature

Answer 39

semispinalis(thoracis, cericis, capitis), multifidus, rotatores

Question 40

semispinalis origin

Answer 40

tp c4-t12

Question 41

semispinalis insertion

Answer 41

occipital bone, sp in thoracic and cercvical regions, spanning 2-4 segments

Question 42

nerve of semispinalis

Answer 42

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 43

action of semispinalis

Answer 43

extend head cervical, and thoracic regions, contralateral rotation

Question 44

multifidus origin

Answer 44

sacrum, illium, tp t1-t3 articular processes c4-c7

Question 45

nerve of multifidus

Answer 45

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 46

action of multifidus

Answer 46

stabilize the vertebrae during movement of the vertebral column

Question 47

rotatores origin

Answer 47

tp of vertebrae

Question 48

rotatores insertion

Answer 48

pass superomedially to attach at the junction of lamina and tp or sp of vertebrea above their origin spanning 1-2 segments

Question 49

rotatores nerve

Answer 49

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Question 50

action of rotatores

Answer 50

stabilize the vertebrae assist with extension and rotary movements

Question 51

origin of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 51

medial 1/2 of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar tp

Question 52

quadratus lumborum insertion

Answer 52

lliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest

Question 53

quadratus lumborum nerve

Answer 53

ventral branches of t12 and l1-l4 nerves

Question 54

action of quadratus lumborum

Answer 54

extends and laterally flexes the vertebral column fixes 12th rib during inspiration