Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Test 11/24/14 > Flashcards

Test 11/24/14 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What did Watson and crick do

A

Developed double helix DNA structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is DNA made up of

A

Sugar-phosphate backbone
Nitrogen bases
Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the types of RNA

A

Messenger
Ribosomal
Transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does mRNA do

A

Carries the information from the DNA to the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the rRNA do

A

Helps produce enzymes that bond amino acids together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does tRNA do

A

Transports amino acids to the ribosome to be assembled into protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does helicase do

A

Breaks down the hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During transcription…

A

The nucleotides are freed and begin pairing with the complimentary strand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the mRNA go during transcription

A

Ribosome

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During translation the RNA goes from what

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does translation occur

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of RNA is used in translation

A

tRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The mRNA sequence bonds with what

A

tRNA anticodons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A codon is made up of how many amino acids

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an anticodon

A

The corresponding amino acids to mRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the types of mutations

A

Gene

Chromosomal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many types of mutations are there

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the causes of gene mutations

A 
Point mutations
Substitutions
Insertions
Deletions
Frameshift
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are point mutations

A

Change in 1 or more of the nucleotides

19
Q

What is substitutions

A

Base is changed into another

20
Q

What is insertions

A

Base is inserted into DNA sequence

21
Q

What is deletions

A

Base is removed

22
Q

What is frameshift

A

Changes how codons are read

23
Q

What are the causes of chromosomal mutations

A

Deletions
Duplications
Inversions
Translocations

24
Q

What is deletions

A

Loss of all/part of a chromosome

25
Q

What is duplications

A

Produce extra copies or parts of a chromosome

26
Q

What is inversions

A

Chromosome switches directions

27
Q

What is translocations

A

Part of 1 chromosome breaks off and attaches to another

28
Q

What is a polyploidy

A

Organism has an extra set of chromosomes

29
Q

What is an operon

A

Group of genes that operate together

30
Q

How many regulatory regions does an operon have

A

2

31
Q

What are the regulatory regions of an operon

A

Promoter

Operator

32
Q

How many genes does the lac operon have

A

3

33
Q

In order for E. Coli to use lactose as food what must happen

A

Lac operon must be turned on

34
Q

What organelle must lactose pass through to be used as food

A

Cell membrane

35
Q

What is broken as lactose is passed through the cell membrane

A

Glucose

Galactose

36
Q

What does the promoter do

A

Where RNA polymerase bonds and begins transcription

37
Q

What does the operator do

A

DNA binding protein- lac expressor binds to DNA

38
Q

The TATA box has what types of sequences

A

TATA

TATAAA

39
Q

what does the TATA Box do

A

Binds protein that helps position RNA polymerase by marking a point before the beginning of the gene

40
Q

What is differentiation

A

Cells become specialized in function and structure

41
Q

What are hox genes

A

Genes that control development and differentiation of cells and tissues in embryos

42
Q

What do restriction enzymes do

A

Cut DNA at specific sites

Will only cut DNA if it matches precisely

43
Q

What is recombinant DNA

A

Produced by combining DNA from different sources

44
Q

What is a genetic marker

A

Gene or a short sequence of DNA used to identify a chromosome or other genes on a genetic map

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions