test 1 unit 1 Flashcards
what did lord durham recommend after the rebellions?
he recommended the union of the 2 Canadas.
when was the act of union?
the act of union was in 1840
what did lord durham believe would come of this union?
he believed it would solve conflict between the English and French.
he knew this would make the English the majority and thought that the French would end up assimilating.
if the 2 Canadas merge their debts would also.
it would promote the growth of domestic trade.
what was the problem with debt before 1840? how was this fixed?
before the act of union in 1840 upper Canada had a large debt from the construction of the canals and railway. lower Canada’s debt was less because of the customs duties on the ports. because. the ports were only in lower Canada they were the only ones collecting the revenue. if the Canadas merge, the debts would merge too.
explain the political structure after the act of union. (seats, governor..)
there was one legislative assembly. each region (Canada east, Canada west) got 42 seats which made up a total of 84 seats.
the governor and councils remained the same. they can block bills and the governor and council members were appointed by British authorities.
even though each region has 42 seats the French. Canadians were still a minority. explain why. what became the official language of the province of Canada?
the French Canadians were still a minority in the legislative assembly because some representatives from lower Canada were English.
the governor and council were also english and promoted the British interests.
English became the official province of Canada.
by the first election in 1841 the politicians were already divided into 2 groups. what were they called?
what did each group want?
the 2 groups were called the reformers and the conservatives. each group had members from Canada east and west.
reformers wanted change and conservatives wanted status.
who supported the reformers? what were their demands?
the professional bourgeoisie supported the reformers. the reformers demanded a responsible government and the reformers of lower Canada wanted to protect the rights of the French Canadians.
who were the conservatives supported by? what did they want? explain who the members of this group were(how many French..)
the conservatives are supported by the business class. they didn’t want changes. the conservatives were made up of English and 2 French Canadian members.
who were the leaders of the reformers? when did they alliance and what happened from this? what happened in 1842? what did the groups support each other for? when did this alliance stop?
Louis Hippolyte lafountaine was the leader from Canada east. Baldwin was the leader from Canada west. they alliance in 1841 to have a greater weight on their opinions in the assembly. they supported each others bills to help them pass. the reformers became the majority party in the assembly in 1842. French supported the English with proposed economic legislation and the english helped the French with protecting the French language and culture. this alliance went on until 1851.
what is the abolition of protectionism? why did it happen and what changed from this?
the abolition of protectionism Is taking away the protectionism laws which favoured the purchase of resource from the colonies.
British people felt this made the British merchants pay too much for resources. after this was done the colonies had to compete with foreign markets to get Britain to buy their resources.
what happened in 1848? what does this mean? explain everything. what stayed the same as before?
in 1848, Britain granted responsible government. this means that members of the executive council are chosen by the majority party in the legislative assembly. the legislative council was appointed based off the recommendations of the executive council.
the governor still had veto power but rarely exercised it.
from the Baldwin LaFontaine alliance, the French were able to establish many things. name some. what was the problem with one of these laws?
- the French reestablished French as the language of the legislative assembly.
- they granted amnesty to the patriots
- a law compensating victims who suffered during the rebellions. anyone who suffered the rebellions got a sum of money. most victims were French which made the English unhappy.
what happened to the first nations during this time period?
the First Nations lost their status as a military ally and their lands were taken away to develop the colony.
what was the Bagot commission? what happened from this?
the governor Bagot organized a commission to look into native affairs. it was noticed that the natives were severely affected by the timber industry and the colonization of several regions in Canada west.
there were reserves created for them.
what was happening during the period of political instability?
people were having trouble adopting to the abolition of protectionism.
Canadian and British leaders thought a union of the British North American colonies would be a solution.
the colonies had their own governments to mage domestic affairs but because they were still colonies Britain managed foreign affairs.
when the reformers split up in 1851. what happened to the reformers group? what happened with the new groups?
when the reformers split up in 1851. they split into 2 groups, the moderates and the radicals. moderates were happy with the changes they got and radicals weren’t happy. the moderates joined the conservatives and the radicals became liberals.
what was the name of the Canada east conservatives parti? who was their leader.
this was parti bleu. they were lead by George Etienne Cartier.
