beginning of unit 2 for remember exam Flashcards
who is Wilfred laurier?
he is the leader of the liberal party of canada and became the prime minister
his policies were designed to strengthen Canada’s autonomy, reinforce national unity and to promote the country’s development
what was Canadas status in the British empire?
many English Canadians wanted to belong to the British empire and the French Canadians did not.
what is imperialism?
imperialism- political, cultural, economic or military domination of one state over another.
what is British imperialism?
many English Canadians were imperialists because of their culture and historic ties to the United Kingdom
these people wanted canada to take part in the empire’s expansion and that canada was protected within the empire.
the imperialists believed that English should be Canada’s only language and protestant would be the only religion.
who were the French Canadian nationalists and what did they believe about the Boer war?
the French Canadian nationalists were the French Canadians. they opposed the idea of helping Britain in the Boer war because they felt like this was not Canadas concern.
what was French Canadian nationalism and what was its belief?
French Canadian nationalism was changing at the turn of the century.
- Wanted Ottawa to respect provincial jurisdiction.
- Questioning political ties that tied Canada to the British Empire.
- they wanted Canada to have greater autonomy. They were against Canada’s involvement in the Empire’s wars.
- Defend language and religious rights.
what was the Canadian identity within the British empire?
some Canadians felt in the middle. they were attached to the British empire but also believed that canada had its own identity.
what was the policy of laurier?
he hoped to ease tensions between French Canadian nationalists and imperialists.
He thought they should focus on what they had in common in order to ensure unity.
Laurier’s government wanted to assert Canada’s autonomy and identity without cutting ties with the British empire.
what was the relation between laurier and the British empire?
in 1897- Laurier attended a conference in London where the British government wanted to strengthen ties with the British empire by creating a permanent imperial council.
Laurier rejected the proposal.
explain the boer war 1899-1902
the uk had colonies in south Africa and they sent the boers who are descendants of dutch colonists settle in South Africa.
they make up the majority of the white population in South Africa. there was a lot of gold in their land and the British wanted it
a war broke out and British called canada to help them.
who were the imperialists and what did they believe about the Boer war?
they are the English Canadians. they wanted to help the British fight in the Boer war.
how was the Canadian navy created?
there was rivalry between the British and Germany
the British asked canada for help
Laurier wanted canada to have their own military force
he proposed the Canadian navy
some imperialists were against it because they thought that canada should provide direct financial aid but the French Canadian nationalists were for it. they ended up getting the navy in 1910.
what is immigration policy? what were the strategies used?
The Canadian economy began to benefit from the effects of MacDonald national policy implemented in 1879
In order to further stimulate economic growth, the government focused on immigration particularly for western Canada.
the strategies they used are publishing brochures, posters in many languages
Opening immigration offices European cities
Free land to immigrants
Paying immigrants passage to Canada.
what were the origins of the immigrants coming to settle?
in the early 20th century, 1/3 of the immigrants in Canada were from the USA and 1/3 was from the united kingdom.
1/3 was mostly Europeans of various origins as well as other immigrants fewer in number from different regions in the world especially Asia.
what were the effects of the canadian immigration policy?
the arrival of immigrants changed Canada demographically(population) and territorially. Migration flows to western Canada had an impact on the organization of the territory.
Distribution of land led to increase of agricultural land.
The influx of people to this region led to the creation of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.
what was the impact of immigration in western canada? the Canadians had measures on the immigrants what were they?
immigrants in western Canada had tensions with the English Canadian population.
they were xenophobic
in rural areas there were immigrants from central and Eastern Europe
Chinese, Japanese settled together in neighbourhoods where they tried to preserve their culture which was very different from Europe and North America.
Some English Canadians feared that the rise in immigrants would threaten their own culture.
therefore, the Canadian government adopted increasingly restrictive measures with respect to Asian immigrants.
1900-100$ head tax on Chinese immigrants
1903- tax was increased to 500$
1908- Only 400 Japanese people were allowed to settle a year.
At this time 100$ was worth what 2500$ is worth now.
when immigrants were coming to Canada what happened to the French Canadians? how was this handled?
the demographic weight of the French catholics lowered giving them less of a representation to defend their rights.
in 1890, Manitoba abolished separated s tools for Francophones and anglophones. in 1897, laurier government proposed the greenway compromise that says the students can have instructions in French if there were at least 10 French students in the class.
this situation caused tension between Ottawa and Quebec because Quebec felt they weren’t protecting French rights outside Quebec and the imperialists were trying to assimilate the French.
explain the living conditions in residential schools.
the living conditions were terrible. the mortality rate was almost 5 times higher than the rest of the population. indigenous children died of disease, malnutrition, abuse and accidents causing death.
why did they change their indigenous policy in Canada after residential schools?
it didn’t lead to enough assimilation as they hoped so the government wanted to take more control over the native population. the Indian act prohibited aboriginals from higgling lawyers to help them.
what was happening with the Inuit population before the second phase of industrialization?
they were in contact with the Canadian of European descent but it was mostly economic.
the Inuit kept their way of life.
the Supreme Court said that the inuits should be considered Indians. because of this they all under federal jurisdictions
there was also a drop in fur price so there was famine among the inuits. the federal government got involved.
what happened in 1912?
the expansion of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba
what were the several factors that contributed to the second phase of industrialization?
- Laurier kept MacDonalds policy (national policy) of high customs duties on imports.
- Influx of immigrants provided abundant labour source and increase in demand for manufactured products.
- Development of wheat cultivation in western Canada generated wealth for the whole country- wheat became the leading export.
- Foreign trade with the USA and UK increased
- WW1 led to the development of a war industry. Munitions factories…
what were the type of resources they used for the second phase of industrialization?
they used raw materials. the natural resources like water, timber, copper, silver and gold.
where were the majority of the resources coming from?
Quebec, Ontario and BC had a lot of resources so they benefitted a lot from industrialization