beginning of unit 2 for remember exam

Question 1

who is Wilfred laurier?

Answer 1

he is the leader of the liberal party of canada and became the prime minister
his policies were designed to strengthen Canada’s autonomy, reinforce national unity and to promote the country’s development

Question 2

what was Canadas status in the British empire?

Answer 2

many English Canadians wanted to belong to the British empire and the French Canadians did not.

Question 3

what is imperialism?

Answer 3

imperialism- political, cultural, economic or military domination of one state over another.

Question 4

what is British imperialism?

Answer 4

many English Canadians were imperialists because of their culture and historic ties to the United Kingdom
these people wanted canada to take part in the empire’s expansion and that canada was protected within the empire.
the imperialists believed that English should be Canada’s only language and protestant would be the only religion.

Question 5

who were the French Canadian nationalists and what did they believe about the Boer war?

Answer 5

the French Canadian nationalists were the French Canadians. they opposed the idea of helping Britain in the Boer war because they felt like this was not Canadas concern.

Question 6

what was French Canadian nationalism and what was its belief?

Answer 6

French Canadian nationalism was changing at the turn of the century.

1. Wanted Ottawa to respect provincial jurisdiction.
2. Questioning political ties that tied Canada to the British Empire.
3. they wanted Canada to have greater autonomy. They were against Canada’s involvement in the Empire’s wars.
4. Defend language and religious rights.

Question 7

what was the Canadian identity within the British empire?

Answer 7

some Canadians felt in the middle. they were attached to the British empire but also believed that canada had its own identity.

Question 8

what was the policy of laurier?

Answer 8

he hoped to ease tensions between French Canadian nationalists and imperialists.
He thought they should focus on what they had in common in order to ensure unity.
Laurier’s government wanted to assert Canada’s autonomy and identity without cutting ties with the British empire.

Question 9

what was the relation between laurier and the British empire?

Answer 9

in 1897- Laurier attended a conference in London where the British government wanted to strengthen ties with the British empire by creating a permanent imperial council.
Laurier rejected the proposal.

Question 10

explain the boer war 1899-1902

Answer 10

the uk had colonies in south Africa and they sent the boers who are descendants of dutch colonists settle in South Africa.
they make up the majority of the white population in South Africa. there was a lot of gold in their land and the British wanted it
a war broke out and British called canada to help them.

Question 11

who were the imperialists and what did they believe about the Boer war?

Answer 11

they are the English Canadians. they wanted to help the British fight in the Boer war.

Question 12

how was the Canadian navy created?

Answer 12

there was rivalry between the British and Germany
the British asked canada for help
Laurier wanted canada to have their own military force
he proposed the Canadian navy
some imperialists were against it because they thought that canada should provide direct financial aid but the French Canadian nationalists were for it. they ended up getting the navy in 1910.

Question 13

what is immigration policy? what were the strategies used?

Answer 13

The Canadian economy began to benefit from the effects of MacDonald national policy implemented in 1879
In order to further stimulate economic growth, the government focused on immigration particularly for western Canada.
the strategies they used are publishing brochures, posters in many languages
Opening immigration offices European cities
Free land to immigrants
Paying immigrants passage to Canada.

Question 14

what were the origins of the immigrants coming to settle?

Answer 14

in the early 20th century, 1/3 of the immigrants in Canada were from the USA and 1/3 was from the united kingdom.
1/3 was mostly Europeans of various origins as well as other immigrants fewer in number from different regions in the world especially Asia.

Question 15

what were the effects of the canadian immigration policy?

Answer 15

the arrival of immigrants changed Canada demographically(population) and territorially. Migration flows to western Canada had an impact on the organization of the territory.
Distribution of land led to increase of agricultural land.
The influx of people to this region led to the creation of the provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905.

Question 16

what was the impact of immigration in western canada? the Canadians had measures on the immigrants what were they?

Answer 16

immigrants in western Canada had tensions with the English Canadian population.
they were xenophobic
in rural areas there were immigrants from central and Eastern Europe
Chinese, Japanese settled together in neighbourhoods where they tried to preserve their culture which was very different from Europe and North America.
Some English Canadians feared that the rise in immigrants would threaten their own culture.
therefore, the Canadian government adopted increasingly restrictive measures with respect to Asian immigrants.
1900-100$ head tax on Chinese immigrants
1903- tax was increased to 500$
1908- Only 400 Japanese people were allowed to settle a year.
At this time 100$ was worth what 2500$ is worth now.

Question 17

when immigrants were coming to Canada what happened to the French Canadians? how was this handled?

Answer 17

the demographic weight of the French catholics lowered giving them less of a representation to defend their rights.
in 1890, Manitoba abolished separated s tools for Francophones and anglophones. in 1897, laurier government proposed the greenway compromise that says the students can have instructions in French if there were at least 10 French students in the class.
this situation caused tension between Ottawa and Quebec because Quebec felt they weren’t protecting French rights outside Quebec and the imperialists were trying to assimilate the French.

Question 18

explain the living conditions in residential schools.

Answer 18

the living conditions were terrible. the mortality rate was almost 5 times higher than the rest of the population. indigenous children died of disease, malnutrition, abuse and accidents causing death.

Question 19

why did they change their indigenous policy in Canada after residential schools?

Answer 19

it didn’t lead to enough assimilation as they hoped so the government wanted to take more control over the native population. the Indian act prohibited aboriginals from higgling lawyers to help them.

Question 20

what was happening with the Inuit population before the second phase of industrialization?

Answer 20

they were in contact with the Canadian of European descent but it was mostly economic.
the Inuit kept their way of life.
the Supreme Court said that the inuits should be considered Indians. because of this they all under federal jurisdictions
there was also a drop in fur price so there was famine among the inuits. the federal government got involved.

Question 21

what happened in 1912?

Answer 21

the expansion of Quebec, Ontario and Manitoba

Question 22

what were the several factors that contributed to the second phase of industrialization?

Answer 22

1. Laurier kept MacDonalds policy (national policy) of high customs duties on imports.
2. Influx of immigrants provided abundant labour source and increase in demand for manufactured products.
3. Development of wheat cultivation in western Canada generated wealth for the whole country- wheat became the leading export.
4. Foreign trade with the USA and UK increased
5. WW1 led to the development of a war industry. Munitions factories…

Question 23

what were the type of resources they used for the second phase of industrialization?

Answer 23

they used raw materials. the natural resources like water, timber, copper, silver and gold.

Question 24

where were the majority of the resources coming from?

Answer 24

Quebec, Ontario and BC had a lot of resources so they benefitted a lot from industrialization

Question 25

name some of the industries for the second phase of industrialization

Answer 25

ore processing
Pulp and paper
Hydroelectricity
Electrometallurgy- process for producing metals using electrical energy. For example aluminum. 
Electrochemistry

Question 26

what is electrochemistry?

Answer 26

transforming or breaking down matter using electrical currents to produce chemical products. For example, batteries.

Question 27

what were the provinces development dependent on?

Answer 27

industrialization, job creation and the exploitation of natural resources.

Question 28

who was in power from 1897-1936?

Answer 28

the liberals

Question 29

what is economic liberalism?

Answer 29

an economic theory that defends liberal practices such as the free trade of goods, freedom of action for businesspeople and limited state intervention in the economy.
The exploitation of natural resources and the industrial development of the province were left to private enterprise.
Measures were adopted to attract foreign investment to Quebec.
Since the state owned the country’s natural resources, it was in its interests to exploit the province’s natural resources. Private companies had to obtain a permit from the government or pay royalties to it.
In both cases, the government made significant revenue.

Question 30

what was the foreign investment?

Answer 30

investors who were mostly British or American invested in pulp and paper and hydroelectricity. this stimulated the economy and created jobs.

Question 31

what changed with foreign trade during the second phase of industrialization?

Answer 31

Canada intensified foreign trade. foreign countries were after Canadas natural resources. Canada gave America 80% of its pulp and paper and most of it came from Quebec.

Question 32

what were trade related infrastructures?

Answer 32

because of the growing economy led to expansion of the rail network
The development of oil as a source of energy led to the rapid growth of motorized vehicles for the transportation of goods.
Quebec and Canadians governments invested in road and highway infrastructure.
Road networks developed to facilitate trade.

Question 33

what led to monopoly capitalism? what were the 2 ways they did it? explain what monopoly capitalism is.

Answer 33

this is how businesses wanted to maximize their profits
companies used 2 strategies to attain this objective.
1.Acquire companies that had been contracted to perform the tasks required to manufactured a product. When a company has control over every stage of production of a product (from extracting raw material to marketing the final product) it no longer required business partners.
2.Acquire competing companies in order to attain rights to market a product and freely set its price.
this led to monopoly capitalism which is an economic system in which a company can market a product without any competition or assume full control over the production process of this product.

Question 34

explain unions and working conditions during the second phase of industrialization.

Answer 34

industrialization brought out many social inequalities. unions were created from the first phase of industrialization but working conditions were still poor. Unions wanted reduced working hours and better protection for workers who got injured.

Question 35

what are strikes? how do they work when the government gets involved?

Answer 35

unions negotiating power was very limited to they would strike to get what they want. this can go on for long amounts of time so when the government got involved they hired scabs who replaced the workers until they came back. the people still needed to fill the jobs so scabs took their places.

Question 36

what was the church uncharge of?

Answer 36

HEC - healthcare education and charities

Question 37

what influence did the church have during the second phase of industrialization . how did they feel about unions?

Answer 37

they had a big influence on the French Canadians.
they intervened with the government if they lose value of power. more priests were coming to quebec. they felt the unions were gaining power at their expense. they also worried about social inequalities.

Question 38

did the church ever end up accepting unions?

Answer 38

yes, Its strategy consisted of overseeing them in order to ensure that they respected catholic principles and distanced themselves from the unions secular ideals like socialism. This was the churches strategy for secular unions.

Question 39

what was the church’s strategy to reduce socio-economic inequalities? how was their approach different from union leaders?

Answer 39

the church used solidarity and charity to reduce socio-economic inequalities. their approach was different from union leaders whose tactics included pressure to change working conditions,

Question 40

what were cooperatives? how did it work?

Answer 40

it is an organization that promotes the pooling of resources, collective management and profit sharing.
they shared their resources and helped each other out like on a kibbutz. they were mostly farmers.

Question 41

how did the government offer a better quality of life to citizens in urban areas? what were the two things introduced in 1910 in Montreal which helped this?

Answer 41

the government tried to improve the quality of life by improving hygiene. they invested in garbage collection and construction in urban areas. there were green parks developed and the begging of electricity in homes
the two things created were Water chlorination and filtration system purifying water by adding chlorine.
and the second wasClinics called Goutte du lait- milk stations which distributed quality milk and info on public hygiene.

Question 42

what did the Cole social popular do?

Answer 42

they applied the catholic church’s social doctrine. they also trained activists to promote catholic value. these activists worked in association like the catholic association of Canadian youth, to promote catholic values.

Question 43

what was wrong with the education system at the beginning of the 20th century? what did this lead to?

Answer 43

low level schooling was worse for French than English. most young French people didn’t finish elementary because they had to go work on farms or in factories. this led to the forestry school opening and elementary school lasting for 6 years instead of 4.

Question 44

what were women encouraged to do at the beginning of the 20th century?

Answer 44

they were encouraged to demand legal and political rights.

Question 45

how did women change in the 1920’s?

Answer 45

amok women began to wear their hair short to assert themselves.

Question 46

who opposed the idea of women voting? why?

Answer 46

the clergy because they believed it would confuse the family dynamic and that politics were only for men.

Question 47

how were women paid at jobs?

Answer 47

poorly they got paid less than men

Question 48

what were women’s jobs in the 20th century?

Answer 48

Factory worker, domestic servant, hair dresser, nurse and teacher, secretary

Question 49

at the beginning of the 20th century who made up most of unions in Quebec?

Answer 49

they are mostly members of American union organizations.

Question 50

what did unions demand? were these laws always applied? give examples of some of the demands.

Answer 50

they demanded that governments legislate more in favour of workers. these laws and measures were not always applied. for example, 1909- workmen’s compensation (like an award) act- this act provided for compensation to employees in the event of an accident of up to 50% of their wages.