Test #1 things to know Flashcards
Reliability
degree to which a measure is consistent
Test-retest reliability
consistency across time
Inter-rater reliability
consistency across two or more raters
Validity
degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure. Did it measure what it was supposed to?
Concurrent/Discriminant Validity
comparing the results of one assessment measure with the results of others
Predictive Validity
how well the assessment predicts what will happen in the future
Face Validity
whether the test items look reasonable and valid at first glance
Construct Validity
degree to which the item measures something unobservable
Standardization
Application of certain standards to ensure consistency across different measures
Sensorium
general awareness of their surrounding
Biological Factors
Genetics, Neurobiology, Physiology
What are genes?
Blue print Long molecules of DNA Double Helix structure Located on chromosomes -46 chromosomes in 23 pairs -Pairs 1 – 22 = body and brain development -Pair 23 = gender
Single gene determinants
include disorders such as Huntington’s disease and Phenylketonuria
Epigenetics
how the environment changes gene expression
Eric Kandel
learning affects genetic structure of cells
Activation of dormant genes, continued development in the brain (plasticity vs hardwired), Diathesis-Stress Model.
Diathesis
Inherited tendency to express traits/behaviors (behavior/vulnerability)
Critical Period
phase in the life span during which an organism has heightened sensitivity to exogenous stimuli that are compulsory for the development of a particular skill. If the organism does not receive the appropriate stimulus during this CP, it may be difficult, ultimately less successful, or even impossible, to develop dome functions later in life.
Sensitive Period
for a particular ability is past, the development of the brain has progressed past the point at which information can be simply absorbed
Frontal Lobe
Thinking and reasoning abilities, memory
Primary motor cortex
Controls impulses, social awareness
Temporal Lobe
HEARING, auditory corex
Sight and sound recognition, long-term memory storage
Emotions and memory
Parietal Lobe
Touch recognition, body sensation, self-soothing/regulating/masturbating
Primary somatosensory cortex
Occipital Lobe
Integrates visual input
Optic nerves travel from your eyes to your thalamus and then back to you occipital lobe
Locus of control
internal and external- internal when you feel that you have control of your life, and external when other people have control of your life
Martin Seligman
Learned Helplessness- lack of behavior by person/organism when they encounter a situation that they feel they have no control. Develop symptoms of depressions. (Kids in Atlanta trying to go back to jail for “two hots and a cot” – also LEARNED OPTIMISM
Stroop Color Naming Paradigm
Have someone keep time as you name the colors of the words and not the words themselves, and again while you name the words and colors together.
Mood
more persistent period of affect or emotionality
Affect
is the momentary emotional tone that accompanies what we say or do
Weathering
coined by public health research, people who have been affected by significant amounts of stress age faster.
Susto
latin american set a spell that you can literally be scared to death
Delirium
can be caused by a number of separate or related underlying conditions, including post-operative states, drugs and alcohol, urinary tract infections, fever, and organ failure. Elderly individuals and children are also at a higher risk for delirium than are adults.
What treatment site is usually recommended by a clinician when clients present a risk of harming themselves or others?
A psychiatric hospital
_____ measures visual-spatial and fluid reasoning
Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)
The Cambridge Neuropsychological Testing Automated Battery (CANTAB) consists of 22 subtests that assess
visual memory, working memory, executive function and planning, attention, verbal memory, and decision making and response control.
The most prevalent form of psychological disorder (except substance use disorder) is ____
anxiety disorder
Who is known as the founder of American psychiatry?
Benjamin Rush
Which method of behavioral assessment requires that the client provide information about the frequency of particular behaviors?
Behavioral Self Report
Which of the following disorders is characterized by disruption of normal integration of consciousness or perception?
Dissociative Dissorder
The tasks on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test require that the client ______
Keep a running total of a series of numbers
A man arrives one hour late for work every day because he is compelled to read every street sign on the road to his workplace. Which of the following components of a mental disorder is exemplified by this scenario?
Impulse Control
Which Greek physician developed the theory that psychological disorders are caused by imbalances in bodily fluids?
Hippocrates
Which of the following terms reflects the view that the people in treatment collaborate with those who treat them?
Client
Who among the following is a physician who developed a system of medical knowledge based on anatomical studies?
Galen
Joshua is overactive and aggressive most of the times. He has an unrealistic sense of superiority and his behavior lacks substantial forethought. Which clinical scale of the MMPI-2-RF indicates Joshua’s condition?
Hypomanic activation
A treatment approach used in an inpatient psychiatric facility in which all facets of the environment are components of the treatment is referred to as
Milieu Therapy
The Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane later became the
American Psychiatric Association.
Medical doctors with advanced training in treating psychological disorders are referred to as
Psychiatrists
The _____ of a disorder refers to the number of people who have ever had the disorder over a specified period of time
Prevalence
Which of the following is used by clinicians to extensively assess the functioning of individuals with multiple sclerosis?
Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test
_____ is an index of intelligence derived from comparing the individual’s score on an intelligence test with the mean score for that individual’s reference group
Deviation Intelligence Score
Which of the following is a somatic symptom disorder?
Illness Anxiety Disorder
The best way to eliminate demand characteristics is to use _____.
Double-Blind Method
One biological theory of panic disorder proposes that individuals with panic disorder have an excess of _____
Norepinephrine
According to the clinicians, which of the following refers to the ability to formulate goals, make plans, carry out those plans, and then complete the plans in an effective way?
Executive Function
Mental retardation falls under _____ of the DSM-IV-TR.
Axis II
In a _____, the same person serves as the subject in both the experimental and control conditions
Single Case Experimental Design
In _____ participants receive a treatment similar to the experimental treatment, but lacking the key feature of the treatment of interest.
Placebo Condition
A person’s fear of contracting a particular disease is considered to be a case of _____.
Specific Phobia
Judy in Chapter 1
Blood-Injected-Phobia •classically conditioned Biological Factors o Inherited overreactive sinoaortic barorelex arc o Vasovagal syncope; heart rate and blood pressure increase Emotional Influences o Beliefs of blood that made her fear it Social Factors o Suspended from school Developmental Factors o Entered a critical period (evolutionary developmental stage) • All of these interact interdependently
Epidemiologists
look at the prevalence and incidences of disorders
The Five DSM-IV Axes
I – Major disorders II – Stable, enduring problems III – Medical conditions (related) IV – Psychosocial problems V – rating of adaptive functioning
