Chapter 11 Flashcards
Depressants
These substances result in behavioral sedation and can induce relaxation. The include alcohol and sedative, hypnotic, and anxiolytic drugs in the families of barbiturates (seconal) and benzodiazepines (Valium, Xanax)
Stimulants
Cause us to be more active and alert and can elevate mood. Included in this group are amphetamines (Adderall), cocaine, nicotine, caffeine.
Opiate
Produce analgesia temporarily (reduce pain) and euphoria. Heroin, opium, codeine, and morphine are included in this group.
Hallucinogens
Alter sensory perception and can produce delusions, paranoia, and hallucinations. Marijuana and LSD are included in this category.
Other Drugs of Abuse
Other substances that do not neatly fit into one of the substance categories are:
Inhalants
Anabolic Steroids
Other over the counter and prescribed meds
These substances produce a variety of psychoactive effects that are characteristic of the substances described in previous groups.
Inhalants
Airplane glue, spray paint
Barbituates
family of sedative drugs first synthesized in Germany in 1882, they were prescribed to help people sleep and replaced such drugs as alcohol and opium.
Benzodiazepines
Antianxiety drugs including Valium, Xanax, Dalmane, and Halcion also used to treat insomnia. Effective against anxiety (and, at high potency, panic disorder), they show some side effects, such as some cognitive and motor impairment, and may result in substance dependence. Relapse rates are extremely high when the drug is discontinued.
LSD
d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide- AKA Acid- most common hallucinogenic drug. a synthetic version of the grain fungus ergot.
Agnoist Substitution
Replacement of a drug on which a person is dependent with one that has a similar chemical makeup, an agonist. Used as a treatment for substance dependence.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH)
Enzyme that helps humans metabolize alcohol. Different levels of its subtypes may account for different susceptibilities to disorders such as fetal alcohol syndrome.
Alcohol Use Disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with alcohol use and abuse.
Amphetamine Use Disorders
Psychological, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with amphetamine use and abuse.
Antagonist Drugs
Medications that block or counteract the effects of psychoactive drugs.
Caffeine Use Disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of caffeine.
Cocaine Use Disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of cocaine.
Controlled Drinking
An extremely controversial treatment approach to alcohol dependence, in which severe abusers are taught to drink in moderation.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Pattern of problems including learning difficulties, behavior deficits, and characteristic physical flaws, resulting from heavy drinking by the victim’s mother when she was pregnant with the victim.
Hallucinogen Use Disorders
Cognitive, biological, behavioral, and social problems associated with the use and abuse of hallucinogenic substances.
Impulse-Control Disorders
Disorders in which a person acts on an irresistible, but potentially harmful, impulse.
Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Episodes during which a person acts on aggressive impulses that result in serious assaults or destruction of property.
Kleptomania
Recurrent failure to resist urges to steal things not needed for personal use or their monetary value.
Polysubstance Use
Use of multiple mind- and behavior-altering substances, such as drugs.
Psychoactive Substances
Substances, such as drugs, that alter mood or behavior.
Relapse Prevention
Extending therapeutic progress by teaching the client how to cope with future troubling situations.
Substance Abuse
Pattern of psychoactive substance use leading to significant distress or impairment in social and occupational roles and in hazardous situations.
Substance Dependence
Maladaptive pattern of substance use characterized by the need for increased amounts to achieve the desired effect, negative physical effects when the substance is withdrawn, unsuccessful efforts to control its use, and substantial effort expended to seek it or recover from its effects. Also known as addiction.
Substance Intoxication
Physiological reactions, such as impaired judgment and motor ability, as well as mood changes, resulting from the ingestion of psychoactive substances.
Substance Related Disorders
Range of problems associated with the use and abuse of drugs such as alcohol, cocaine, heroin, and other substances people use to alter the way they think, feel, and behave. These are extremely costly in human and financial terms.
Trichotillomania
People’s urge to pull out their own hair from anywhere on the body, including the scalp, eyebrows, and arm.
Withdrawal Delirium
Frightening hallucinations and body tremors that result when a heavy drinker withdraws from alcohol.
