Test 1 Semester 2:25 Flashcards
Continental Drift
Is the slow movement of continents
What is the super-continent that broke up 200 million years ago?
Pangea
Rift Valley
Long narrow depression where new oceanic crust is formed
What’s is a Richter scale, and how does it work?
The measures of an earthquakes energy. For each one unit on the Richter scale represents a 10 fold increase in wave amplitude?
Who is Harry Hess?
The scientist who developed the sea floor spreading hypothesis.
How does subduction work?
One part of the crust is forced down under the other.
What is the Divergent plate Boundary?
The place where two plates are separating and produces rift valleys
A crack along which movement has taken place is called what?
A fault
What boundary creates collisions of plates?
Convergent plate boundaries
What is the elastic rebound?
A sudden energy release that occurs with fault movement.
Who was Alfred Wegener?
The scientist who developed the hypothesis of continental drift
The point of origin of an earthquake is what?
The focus
The place above the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is what?
The epicenter
What is a seismograph?
The instrument us es to measure seismic waves
What is friction?
The force that opposes sliding motion between two materials.
In what order does the earth’s layers descend?
Crust Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mantle( upper than lowers) Outer core Inner core
What are Shadow zones?
Occur where no seismic waves are recorded
What boundary causes a density change between layers?
Discontinuity
What is viscosity?
The resistance of a fluid to flow
Describe a shield volcano?
Broad, flat and usually erupts with abundant lava flows
What fossils did Wegener prove his theory from other continents?
Cyngnathus and lystrosaurus.
What is Glossopertis?
A fern
When does elastic deformation occur?
When stress is applied
What happens when strain energy is released?
It causes rock to lurch to a new position.
In what direction do seismic waves travel?
All
How many types can earthquakes be sorted into?
Three
P-waves are what and travel through what?
Longitudinal waves, fast, travels through solids and liquids.
S-waves are what and travel through what?
Transverse, slow, and only travel through solids.
Can poor building structure increase the damage done by an earthquake?
Yes, it is largest contributor to the earthquake damage.
Earthquake zones can________ with edges of lithospheric plates?
Coincide
Scientist use what type of vibrations to gather data?
Natural
Can seismic waves change speed?
Yes
Is earths outer core liquid?
Yes
The densest materials have been located where?
Toward the core
Is earth’s core made up of A) unknown B)low C) high D)unstable amount of density and metallic composition?
High
How do earthquakes, seismographs and shadow zones help scientist study earth’s interior?
EQ-help scientist notice geological patterns
SG- help show how big the vibration are
SZ- show where no seismic waves are measured
What types of material do volcanos erupt?
Ash, gasses, and lava
What process created Earth’s first atmosphere and ocean water?
Volcanoism
What factors affect viscosity?
Temperature, chemical composition and pressure.
Name two American hot spots?
Hawaiian islands, and Yellowstone national park
How are volcanos classified?
Size, shape and the materials they erupt.
What is a cinder cone volcano?
An eruption of high-temperature, gas-rich mafic lava.
