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Science > Test 1 Semester 2:25 > Flashcards

Test 1 Semester 2:25 Flashcards

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0
Q

Continental Drift

A

Is the slow movement of continents

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1
Q

What is the super-continent that broke up 200 million years ago?

A

Pangea

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2
Q

Rift Valley

A

Long narrow depression where new oceanic crust is formed

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3
Q

What’s is a Richter scale, and how does it work?

A

The measures of an earthquakes energy. For each one unit on the Richter scale represents a 10 fold increase in wave amplitude?

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4
Q

Who is Harry Hess?

A

The scientist who developed the sea floor spreading hypothesis.

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5
Q

How does subduction work?

A

One part of the crust is forced down under the other.

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6
Q

What is the Divergent plate Boundary?

A

The place where two plates are separating and produces rift valleys

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7
Q

A crack along which movement has taken place is called what?

A

A fault

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8
Q

What boundary creates collisions of plates?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

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9
Q

What is the elastic rebound?

A

A sudden energy release that occurs with fault movement.

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10
Q

Who was Alfred Wegener?

A

The scientist who developed the hypothesis of continental drift

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11
Q

The point of origin of an earthquake is what?

A

The focus

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12
Q

The place above the Earth’s surface directly above the focus is what?

A

The epicenter

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13
Q

What is a seismograph?

A

The instrument us es to measure seismic waves

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14
Q

What is friction?

A

The force that opposes sliding motion between two materials.

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15
Q

In what order does the earth’s layers descend?

A 
Crust
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere 
Mantle( upper than lowers)
Outer core
Inner core
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16
Q

What are Shadow zones?

A

Occur where no seismic waves are recorded

17
Q

What boundary causes a density change between layers?

A

Discontinuity

18
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The resistance of a fluid to flow

19
Q

Describe a shield volcano?

A

Broad, flat and usually erupts with abundant lava flows

20
Q

What fossils did Wegener prove his theory from other continents?

A

Cyngnathus and lystrosaurus.

21
Q

What is Glossopertis?

A

A fern

22
Q

When does elastic deformation occur?

A

When stress is applied

23
Q

What happens when strain energy is released?

A

It causes rock to lurch to a new position.

24
Q

In what direction do seismic waves travel?

A

All

25
Q

How many types can earthquakes be sorted into?

A

Three

26
Q

P-waves are what and travel through what?

A

Longitudinal waves, fast, travels through solids and liquids.

27
Q

S-waves are what and travel through what?

A

Transverse, slow, and only travel through solids.

28
Q

Can poor building structure increase the damage done by an earthquake?

A

Yes, it is largest contributor to the earthquake damage.

29
Q

Earthquake zones can________ with edges of lithospheric plates?

A

Coincide

30
Q

Scientist use what type of vibrations to gather data?

A

Natural

31
Q

Can seismic waves change speed?

A

Yes

32
Q

Is earths outer core liquid?

A

Yes

33
Q

The densest materials have been located where?

A

Toward the core

34
Q

Is earth’s core made up of A) unknown B)low C) high D)unstable amount of density and metallic composition?

A

High

35
Q

How do earthquakes, seismographs and shadow zones help scientist study earth’s interior?

A

EQ-help scientist notice geological patterns
SG- help show how big the vibration are
SZ- show where no seismic waves are measured

36
Q

What types of material do volcanos erupt?

A

Ash, gasses, and lava

37
Q

What process created Earth’s first atmosphere and ocean water?

A

Volcanoism

38
Q

What factors affect viscosity?

A

Temperature, chemical composition and pressure.

39
Q

Name two American hot spots?

A

Hawaiian islands, and Yellowstone national park

40
Q

How are volcanos classified?

A

Size, shape and the materials they erupt.

41
Q

What is a cinder cone volcano?

A

An eruption of high-temperature, gas-rich mafic lava.

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