test 1 review prep Flashcards
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior/ ventral
front
posterior/ dorsal
back
medial
toward the middle
lateral
away from the midline
intermediate
between 2 structures
proximal
closer to origin of body
distal
further from origin of body
superficial
toward the surface
deep
within
axial
head, neck, trunk
appendicular
legs, arms, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle
p.H means
potential of hydrogen
C.H.O.N. (96% of our body)
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
trace elements make up __ % of our body
4%
isotonic concentration percentages
.9% saline solution and 5% dextrose (glucose)
monomer of carbs
monosaccharides
monomer of proteins
amino acids
monomer of lipids
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
monomer of nucleic acids
nucleotide
levels of structural organization from simplest to complex
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
necessary life funtions
responsiveness, maintaining boundaries, metabolism, excretion, movement, digestion, reproduction, growth
organ systems
muscular, respiratory, lymphatic, digestive, integumentary, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, nervous, skeletal
catabolism
breaks larger molecules to smaller molecules
anabolism
builds larger molecules from smaller molecules
survival needs are
oxygen, water, nutrients, normal body temp, appropriate atmospheric pressure
homeostasis (SSS)
steady stable state
negative feedback mechanism is
the body involuntarily removing itself from from harmful or painful stimuli (regulation of body temp/blood glucose)
positive feedback mechanisms
control events (labor contractions, blood clotting)
midsagittal
vertical line down the midline
frontal
vertical line that cuts body from left to right into ventral and dorsal
transverse
horizontal line that cuts across into superior and inferior
parasagittal
vertical line that is offline and cuts from right to left
compound is
2+ different atoms joined tg
molecules
2 atoms joined tg
structures of proteins
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
dehydration synthesis
take water out
hydrolysis synthesis
add water in
atomic number is the ____ number
whole
mass # is the ____ number
decimal (rounded)
of neutrons is found by this formula:
decimal (mass) - whole (atomic) = # of neutrons
number of protons and electrons is found in the
atomic #
most abundant protein in the body
collogen
most abundant compound and molecule found in the body
water
hypertonic is when the cell
has too much water and it shrinks (crenation)
isotonic is when the cell is
in a normal state
hypotonic is when the cell is
water deficient so it absorbs water and swells (lyses)
name the 2 major body cavities
dorsal and ventral
cavity that houses the brain
cranial cavity
cavity that houses the spinal cord
vertebral cavity
cavity that houses the lungs
pleural cavity
cavity that houses the esophagus, trachea, etc.
mediastinum cavity
cavity that encloses the heart
pericardial cavity
cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
abdominal cavity
cavity that contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
pelvic cavity
cavity w mouth and teeth and tongue
oral cavity
cavity within and posterior to the nose
nasal cavity
cavity that houses the eyes
orbital cavity
cavity that houses the eardrums
middle ear cavities
pericardium surrounds the
heart
pleura surrounds the
lung
peritoneum surrounds the
abdominopelvic cavity
5c sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
5c sugar in RNA
ribose
bases of DNA
A-T, G-C
bases of RNA
A-U, G-C
the sharing of electrons is called a
covalent bond
electrons w a gain or loss are called
ions
1st shell- ; 2nd and 3rd shell-
2, up to 8
valence electrons are located on the
outisde
valence shell is on the
outside
monosaccharides are
glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
disaccharides are
sucrose, maltose, lactose
polysaccharides are
starch, glycogen, cellulose
nonpolar
hate water
polar
love water
solutions are _______ in solution
dissolved
colloids (jelly-like) do not _____
settle
solvents are ______ ______
dissolving mediums
solutes are what is _____
dissolved
isotopes have the same # of ____ and ____ but diff # of _____
protons and electrons; neutrons
if an atom loses an electron is becomes a ___ with a ___ sign
cation (+)
if an atom gains an electron it becomes an ____ w a ____ sign
anion (-)
fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
-ase =
enzymes
-ose =
sugar
saturated fats are
solid at room temp, come from animals, and are bad for us
unsaturated fats are
liquid at room temp, come from plants, and are good for us
active transport is ____ to ___ and requires ______
low to high, energy
passive transport is ___ to ___ and requires ____ _______
high to low, no energy
endocytosis is
inside the cell
exocytosis is
outside the cell
pinocytosis is
cell drinking
phagocytosis is
cell eating
transcytosis is
in, across, and out of a cell
receptor mediated facilitated endocytosis is
inside a cell by way of receptors
closer to 0
more acidic
7.0 p.H is
neutral
closer to 14
basic
p.H of blood
7.35-7.45
inorganic compounds are
water, gas, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
organic compounds have
carbon
name all quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
systems that help maintain homeostasis
endocrine and nervous
tight junctions are found in the
epithelial cells to prevent digestive enzymes from seeping into the bloodstream
desmosomes are found in the skin and heart to prevent the
separation of cells
gap junctions are found in the cardiac and smooth muscle cells and help
spread ions, simple sugars, and other small molecules to other cells
mitochondria is the _______ ____ ____ ____ and produce the majority of the body’s ____
powerhouse of the cell ; energy
ribosomes are site of _____ _______
protein synthesis
functions of proteins (South Carolina Can Help Practice Medicine At Henry’s Event)
structural, chemical, concentration, hemoglobin, plasma membrane, antibodies, hormones, enzymes
function of plasma membrane: separates _____ from _____, crucial in ________ activity, ____ what enters and leaves a cell
ECF, ICF, cellular, controls
