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A&P Test 1 > test 1 review prep > Flashcards

test 1 review prep Flashcards

1
Q

superior

A

above

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2
Q

inferior

A

below

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3
Q

anterior/ ventral

A

front

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4
Q

posterior/ dorsal

A

back

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5
Q

medial

A

toward the middle

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6
Q

lateral

A

away from the midline

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7
Q

intermediate

A

between 2 structures

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8
Q

proximal

A

closer to origin of body

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9
Q

distal

A

further from origin of body

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10
Q

superficial

A

toward the surface

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11
Q

deep

A

within

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12
Q

axial

A

head, neck, trunk

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13
Q

appendicular

A

legs, arms, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle

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14
Q

p.H means

A

potential of hydrogen

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15
Q

C.H.O.N. (96% of our body)

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

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16
Q

trace elements make up __ % of our body

A

4%

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17
Q

isotonic concentration percentages

A

.9% saline solution and 5% dextrose (glucose)

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18
Q

monomer of carbs

A

monosaccharides

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19
Q

monomer of proteins

A

amino acids

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20
Q

monomer of lipids

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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21
Q

monomer of nucleic acids

A

nucleotide

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22
Q

levels of structural organization from simplest to complex

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

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23
Q

necessary life funtions

A

responsiveness, maintaining boundaries, metabolism, excretion, movement, digestion, reproduction, growth

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24
Q

organ systems

A

muscular, respiratory, lymphatic, digestive, integumentary, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, nervous, skeletal

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25
Q

catabolism

A

breaks larger molecules to smaller molecules

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26
Q

anabolism

A

builds larger molecules from smaller molecules

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27
Q

survival needs are

A

oxygen, water, nutrients, normal body temp, appropriate atmospheric pressure

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28
Q

homeostasis (SSS)

A

steady stable state

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29
Q

negative feedback mechanism is

A

the body involuntarily removing itself from from harmful or painful stimuli (regulation of body temp/blood glucose)

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30
Q

positive feedback mechanisms

A

control events (labor contractions, blood clotting)

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31
Q

midsagittal

A

vertical line down the midline

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32
Q

frontal

A

vertical line that cuts body from left to right into ventral and dorsal

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33
Q

transverse

A

horizontal line that cuts across into superior and inferior

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34
Q

parasagittal

A

vertical line that is offline and cuts from right to left

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35
Q

compound is

A

2+ different atoms joined tg

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36
Q

molecules

A

2 atoms joined tg

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37
Q

structures of proteins

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

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38
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

take water out

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39
Q

hydrolysis synthesis

A

add water in

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40
Q

atomic number is the ____ number

A

whole

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41
Q

mass # is the ____ number

A

decimal (rounded)

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42
Q

of neutrons is found by this formula:

A

decimal (mass) - whole (atomic) = # of neutrons

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43
Q

number of protons and electrons is found in the

A

atomic #

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44
Q

most abundant protein in the body

A

collogen

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45
Q

most abundant compound and molecule found in the body

A

water

46
Q

hypertonic is when the cell

A

has too much water and it shrinks (crenation)

47
Q

isotonic is when the cell is

A

in a normal state

48
Q

hypotonic is when the cell is

A

water deficient so it absorbs water and swells (lyses)

49
Q

name the 2 major body cavities

A

dorsal and ventral

50
Q

cavity that houses the brain

A

cranial cavity

51
Q

cavity that houses the spinal cord

A

vertebral cavity

52
Q

cavity that houses the lungs

A

pleural cavity

53
Q

cavity that houses the esophagus, trachea, etc.

A

mediastinum cavity

54
Q

cavity that encloses the heart

A

pericardial cavity

55
Q

cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

A

abdominal cavity

56
Q

cavity that contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum

A

pelvic cavity

57
Q

cavity w mouth and teeth and tongue

A

oral cavity

58
Q

cavity within and posterior to the nose

A

nasal cavity

59
Q

cavity that houses the eyes

A

orbital cavity

60
Q

cavity that houses the eardrums

A

middle ear cavities

61
Q

pericardium surrounds the

A

heart

62
Q

pleura surrounds the

A

lung

63
Q

peritoneum surrounds the

A

abdominopelvic cavity

64
Q

5c sugar in DNA

A

deoxyribose

65
Q

5c sugar in RNA

A

ribose

66
Q

bases of DNA

A

A-T, G-C

67
Q

bases of RNA

A

A-U, G-C

68
Q

the sharing of electrons is called a

A

covalent bond

69
Q

electrons w a gain or loss are called

A

ions

70
Q

1st shell- ; 2nd and 3rd shell-

A

2, up to 8

71
Q

valence electrons are located on the

A

outisde

72
Q

valence shell is on the

A

outside

73
Q

monosaccharides are

A

glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose

74
Q

disaccharides are

A

sucrose, maltose, lactose

75
Q

polysaccharides are

A

starch, glycogen, cellulose

76
Q

nonpolar

A

hate water

77
Q

polar

A

love water

78
Q

solutions are _______ in solution

A

dissolved

79
Q

colloids (jelly-like) do not _____

A

settle

80
Q

solvents are ______ ______

A

dissolving mediums

81
Q

solutes are what is _____

A

dissolved

82
Q

isotopes have the same # of ____ and ____ but diff # of _____

A

protons and electrons; neutrons

83
Q

if an atom loses an electron is becomes a ___ with a ___ sign

A

cation (+)

84
Q

if an atom gains an electron it becomes an ____ w a ____ sign

A

anion (-)

85
Q

fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

86
Q

-ase =

A

enzymes

87
Q

-ose =

A

sugar

88
Q

saturated fats are

A

solid at room temp, come from animals, and are bad for us

89
Q

unsaturated fats are

A

liquid at room temp, come from plants, and are good for us

90
Q

active transport is ____ to ___ and requires ______

A

low to high, energy

91
Q

passive transport is ___ to ___ and requires ____ _______

A

high to low, no energy

92
Q

endocytosis is

A

inside the cell

93
Q

exocytosis is

A

outside the cell

94
Q

pinocytosis is

A

cell drinking

95
Q

phagocytosis is

A

cell eating

96
Q

transcytosis is

A

in, across, and out of a cell

97
Q

receptor mediated facilitated endocytosis is

A

inside a cell by way of receptors

98
Q

closer to 0

A

more acidic

99
Q

7.0 p.H is

A

neutral

100
Q

closer to 14

A

basic

101
Q

p.H of blood

A

7.35-7.45

102
Q

inorganic compounds are

A

water, gas, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide

103
Q

organic compounds have

A

carbon

104
Q

name all quadrants

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

105
Q

systems that help maintain homeostasis

A

endocrine and nervous

106
Q

tight junctions are found in the

A

epithelial cells to prevent digestive enzymes from seeping into the bloodstream

107
Q

desmosomes are found in the skin and heart to prevent the

A

separation of cells

108
Q

gap junctions are found in the cardiac and smooth muscle cells and help

A

spread ions, simple sugars, and other small molecules to other cells

109
Q

mitochondria is the _______ ____ ____ ____ and produce the majority of the body’s ____

A

powerhouse of the cell ; energy

110
Q

ribosomes are site of _____ _______

A

protein synthesis

111
Q

functions of proteins (South Carolina Can Help Practice Medicine At Henry’s Event)

A

structural, chemical, concentration, hemoglobin, plasma membrane, antibodies, hormones, enzymes

112
Q

function of plasma membrane: separates _____ from _____, crucial in ________ activity, ____ what enters and leaves a cell

A

ECF, ICF, cellular, controls

A&P Test 1 (5 decks)

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