test 1 review prep Flashcards
1
Q
superior
A
above
2
Q
inferior
A
below
3
Q
anterior/ ventral
A
front
4
Q
posterior/ dorsal
A
back
5
Q
medial
A
toward the middle
6
Q
lateral
A
away from the midline
7
Q
intermediate
A
between 2 structures
8
Q
proximal
A
closer to origin of body
9
Q
distal
A
further from origin of body
10
Q
superficial
A
toward the surface
11
Q
deep
A
within
12
Q
axial
A
head, neck, trunk
13
Q
appendicular
A
legs, arms, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle
14
Q
p.H means
A
potential of hydrogen
15
Q
C.H.O.N. (96% of our body)
A
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
16
Q
trace elements make up __ % of our body
A
4%
17
Q
isotonic concentration percentages
A
.9% saline solution and 5% dextrose (glucose)
18
Q
monomer of carbs
A
monosaccharides
19
Q
monomer of proteins
A
amino acids
20
Q
monomer of lipids
A
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
21
Q
monomer of nucleic acids
A
nucleotide
22
Q
levels of structural organization from simplest to complex
A
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
23
Q
necessary life funtions
A
responsiveness, maintaining boundaries, metabolism, excretion, movement, digestion, reproduction, growth
24
Q
organ systems
A
muscular, respiratory, lymphatic, digestive, integumentary, cardiovascular, endocrine, reproductive, urinary, nervous, skeletal
25
catabolism
breaks larger molecules to smaller molecules
26
anabolism
builds larger molecules from smaller molecules
27
survival needs are
oxygen, water, nutrients, normal body temp, appropriate atmospheric pressure
28
homeostasis (SSS)
steady stable state
29
negative feedback mechanism is
the body involuntarily removing itself from from harmful or painful stimuli (regulation of body temp/blood glucose)
30
positive feedback mechanisms
control events (labor contractions, blood clotting)
31
midsagittal
vertical line down the midline
32
frontal
vertical line that cuts body from left to right into ventral and dorsal
33
transverse
horizontal line that cuts across into superior and inferior
34
parasagittal
vertical line that is offline and cuts from right to left
35
compound is
2+ different atoms joined tg
36
molecules
2 atoms joined tg
37
structures of proteins
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
38
dehydration synthesis
take water out
39
hydrolysis synthesis
add water in
40
atomic number is the ____ number
whole
41
mass # is the ____ number
decimal (rounded)
42
of neutrons is found by this formula:
decimal (mass) - whole (atomic) = # of neutrons
43
number of protons and electrons is found in the
atomic #
44
most abundant protein in the body
collogen
45
most abundant compound and molecule found in the body
water
46
hypertonic is when the cell
has too much water and it shrinks (crenation)
47
isotonic is when the cell is
in a normal state
48
hypotonic is when the cell is
water deficient so it absorbs water and swells (lyses)
49
name the 2 major body cavities
dorsal and ventral
50
cavity that houses the brain
cranial cavity
51
cavity that houses the spinal cord
vertebral cavity
52
cavity that houses the lungs
pleural cavity
53
cavity that houses the esophagus, trachea, etc.
mediastinum cavity
54
cavity that encloses the heart
pericardial cavity
55
cavity that contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
abdominal cavity
56
cavity that contains the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum
pelvic cavity
57
cavity w mouth and teeth and tongue
oral cavity
58
cavity within and posterior to the nose
nasal cavity
59
cavity that houses the eyes
orbital cavity
60
cavity that houses the eardrums
middle ear cavities
61
pericardium surrounds the
heart
62
pleura surrounds the
lung
63
peritoneum surrounds the
abdominopelvic cavity
64
5c sugar in DNA
deoxyribose
65
5c sugar in RNA
ribose
66
bases of DNA
A-T, G-C
67
bases of RNA
A-U, G-C
68
the sharing of electrons is called a
covalent bond
69
electrons w a gain or loss are called
ions
70
1st shell- ; 2nd and 3rd shell-
2, up to 8
71
valence electrons are located on the
outisde
72
valence shell is on the
outside
73
monosaccharides are
glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose, deoxyribose
74
disaccharides are
sucrose, maltose, lactose
75
polysaccharides are
starch, glycogen, cellulose
76
nonpolar
hate water
77
polar
love water
78
solutions are _______ in solution
dissolved
79
colloids (jelly-like) do not _____
settle
80
solvents are ______ ______
dissolving mediums
81
solutes are what is _____
dissolved
82
isotopes have the same # of ____ and ____ but diff # of _____
protons and electrons; neutrons
83
if an atom loses an electron is becomes a ___ with a ___ sign
cation (+)
84
if an atom gains an electron it becomes an ____ w a ____ sign
anion (-)
85
fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
86
-ase =
enzymes
87
-ose =
sugar
88
saturated fats are
solid at room temp, come from animals, and are bad for us
89
unsaturated fats are
liquid at room temp, come from plants, and are good for us
90
active transport is ____ to ___ and requires ______
low to high, energy
91
passive transport is ___ to ___ and requires ____ _______
high to low, no energy
92
endocytosis is
inside the cell
93
exocytosis is
outside the cell
94
pinocytosis is
cell drinking
95
phagocytosis is
cell eating
96
transcytosis is
in, across, and out of a cell
97
receptor mediated facilitated endocytosis is
inside a cell by way of receptors
98
closer to 0
more acidic
99
7.0 p.H is
neutral
100
closer to 14
basic
101
p.H of blood
7.35-7.45
102
inorganic compounds are
water, gas, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide
103
organic compounds have
carbon
104
name all quadrants
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
105
systems that help maintain homeostasis
endocrine and nervous
106
tight junctions are found in the
epithelial cells to prevent digestive enzymes from seeping into the bloodstream
107
desmosomes are found in the skin and heart to prevent the
separation of cells
108
gap junctions are found in the cardiac and smooth muscle cells and help
spread ions, simple sugars, and other small molecules to other cells
109
mitochondria is the _______ ____ ____ ____ and produce the majority of the body's ____
powerhouse of the cell ; energy
110
ribosomes are site of _____ _______
protein synthesis
111
functions of proteins (South Carolina Can Help Practice Medicine At Henry's Event)
structural, chemical, concentration, hemoglobin, plasma membrane, antibodies, hormones, enzymes
112
function of plasma membrane: separates _____ from _____, crucial in ________ activity, ____ what enters and leaves a cell
ECF, ICF, cellular, controls
