ch 3 terms Flashcards
1
Q
cells are the ____ units of ___
A
smallest, life
2
Q
the cell is the __ and __ unit of life
A
structural and functional
3
Q
3 basic parts of human cells (PMCN)
A
plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
4
Q
plasma membrane is the ____ ____ boundary
A
flexible outer
5
Q
cytoplasm contains the ___ and ______
A
ICF and organelles
6
Q
nucleus contains the ___ that controls the ____ activity
A
DNA, cellular
7
Q
types of ECF are ___ fluid, ___ ___, and ____ fluid
A
interstitial, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid
8
Q
plasma membrane (aka cell membrane) is an ____ barrier
A
active
9
Q
phospholipids form a
A
flexible bilayer
10
Q
2 types of membrane proteins are
A
integral and peripheral
11
Q
integral proteins span across the ___ membrane
A
plasma
12
Q
integral proteins ___ proteins, enzymes, and receptors
A
transport
13
Q
integral proteins brush
A
boarder enzymes
14
Q
transport proteins are ___ proteins
A
carrier
15
Q
channel pores allow ____ & _____ to move thru
A
molecules, ions
16
Q
carrier proteins ___ to a substance and move it thru the ___ membrane
A
bind, plasma
17
Q
adjacent cells are also known as cell ____ molecules
A
adhesion
18
Q
peripheral proteins are on the __ of plasma membrane
A
edge
19
Q
glycocalyx form surface ____
A
sugars
20
Q
cell junctions ____ other cells together to form ____
A
connect, tissues
21
Q
tight junctions are in between _____ cells in the digestive tract to prevent _____ enzymes and microorganisms
A
epithelial, digestive
22
Q
desmosomes are ______ junctions that bond to prevent the ______ of cells
A
anchoring, seperation
23
Q
passive processes require ____ and active processes require _____
A
no energy, energy
24
Q
filtration is a type of ____ that usually occurs across ___ walls
A
transport, capillary
25
diffusion allows ____ to move in and out of ___
substances, cells
26
the speed of diffusion is influenced by ____ of molecule, _____, and _____
size, temperature, concentration
27
simple diffusion is _____ diffusion of lipid soluble or very small _____
unassisted, particles
28
facilitated diffusion is _____ diffusion
assisted
29
osmosis is the _____ of water
movement
30
what substances move across the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)
31
what moves across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion?
sugars, amino acids and ions
32
in carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, substances ____ to _____ carriers
bind (connect) protein
33
in CHANNEL mediated facilitated diffusion, substances ____ thru _____ _____ channels
move, water-filled
34
leakage channels are always ____ and allow ions or water to move according to ______ gradient
open, concentration
35
gated channels are _____ by chemical or ______ signals and allow substances to move according to _______ gradient
controlled, electrical, concentration
36
osmosis occurs whenever water ______ differs on __ sides of a ____
concentration, both, membrane
37
osmolarity is the ____ of total concentration of all _____ particles in water
measure, solute
38
when osmolarity is up water concentration is ____ and when osmolarity down water concentration is ____
down, up
39
water moves into solution w/ more _____, more _____, and higher ______
solutes, solids, osmolarity
40
equilibrium is ____ _____ on both sides
equal (same) volume
41
cell crenation is when too much ____ leaves a ____
water, cell
42
cell ___ occurs when too much ____ has been pulled into a cell
lyses, water
43
tonicity is the ability of a ____ to change the ____ (tone) of cells by altering the cell's ____ volume
solution, shape, water
44
isotonic solutions have the same ____ as inside the cell
osmolarity
45
_____ and ____ are solutions isotonic to the cell
saline solution (salt), glucose
46
hypertonic solutions have a _____ ____ than inside a cell
higher osmolarity
47
cell bursting is aka
lyses
48
crenation is when a cell
shrinks
49
active process transport occurs whenever cells use _____ to move ____ across plasma membrane
energy, solutes
50
active transport requires____ proteins
carrier
51
primary active transport requires ______ to do work and comes directly from ___ _______
energy, ATP hydrolysis
52
secondary active transport requires ____ to do work but the energy is obtained ____ from ionic _____
energy, indirectly, gradients
53
vesicular transport requires ____ energy and provides ____ across membranes in _____
cellular, movement, vesicles
54
endocytosis means to transport
into cell
55
exocytosis means to transport
out of cell
56
transcytosis means to transport
into, across, and out of a cell
57
phagocytosis is a type of ____ that means ____ ____
endocytosis, cell eating
58
phagocytic cells move by ____ motion that allows the phagocyte to creep along the ____ of our ____
amoeboid, surface, cells
59
pinocytosis occurs w all ___ and is known as ____ ____ or _____-_____ endocytosis
cell, cell drinking, fluid phase
60
exocytosis is the process where material is ____ from the cell
ejected
61
membrane potential is ____ across the ____ membrane
voltage, plasma
62
resting membrane potential is the _______ potential energy produced by oppositely charged _____
electrical, ions
63
active transport maintains ________ gradiants
electrochemical
64
cell _____molecules and membrane _____allow cells to interact with its environment
adhesion, receptors
65
in _______ ________, the cells that come together and touch the cells recognize each other
contact signaling
66
in chemical signaling, the _____ membrane _____receptors interact w ________
plasma, protein, ligands
67
ligands are chemicals that ____ to _____ receptors
bind, protein
68
neurotransmitters are _____ system signals
nervous
69
hormones are ____ system signals
endocrine
70
paracrines are _____ that act ____ and are rapidly _____
chemicals, locally, destroyed
71
cytosol is a gel-solution made up of ____, ____, _____and _____
water, proteins, salts, sugars
72
inclusions are chemical substances that may or may not be present in _____ but vary w cells
cytoplasm
73
organelles are the ______ machinery of cells
metabolic
74
mitochondria is the
powerhouse of the cell
75
cristae are double _______ proteins with the inner membrane having ____ folds
membranes, many
76
ribosome are ___________ organelles that are made up of _____ and ribosomal ___
nonmembranous, protein, RNA
77
free ribosomes are ____ ________
free floating
78
membrane-bound ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the _______ reticulum
endoplasmic
79
endoplasmic reticulum consists of a series of _____ interconnected ______
parallel, cisterns
80
(MCP) golgi apparatus' are stacked and flattened membranous cistern sacs that _____, _____, _____
modify, concentrate, package
81
golgi controls 3 pathways. A:______ vesicles; B: vesicles containing ____ or transmembrane proteins; C: _____
secretory, lipids, lysosomes
82
lysosomes contain digestive _____
enzymes
83
the cell's cytoskeleton is a network of _____ rods that run throughout ______
protein, cytosol
84
microFILAMENTS are the ____ of all cytoskeletal elements
thinnest
85
intermediate filaments are ___, ____, ropelike proteins
tough, insoluble
86
microTUBULES are the ___ of cytoskeleton ELEMENTS
largest
87
centrosome is a m______ organizing center
microtubule
88
centrioles function in ____ _____
cell divisions
89
flagellum aids in the _____ of the cell
movement
90
cilia move materials across the _____ of the cell
surface
91
microvilli are fingerlike ________ that extend from the surface of the cell to ______ surface area
projections, increase
92
the nucleus is the largest ______ within the cell
organelle
93
uninucleate is
one nucleus
94
multinucleate is
many nuclei
95
some cells are anucleate which is
no nucleus
96
nuclear envelope is a ______ membrane barrier of _____ and proteins
double, phospholipids
97
nuclear pores allow some substances to _____ ___ and ____ of _____
pass, in, out, nucleus
98
nucleoli are are within the _____
nucleus
99
chromatin is _____ wrapped around _____
DNA, histones
100
chromatin is______ DNA
threadlike
101
chromosomes are _____ DNA
condensed
102
chromatids are ______ DNA
duplicated
