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A&P Test 1 > ch 3 terms > Flashcards

ch 3 terms Flashcards

1
Q

cells are the ____ units of ___

A

smallest, life

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2
Q

the cell is the __ and __ unit of life

A

structural and functional

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3
Q

3 basic parts of human cells (PMCN)

A

plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus

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4
Q

plasma membrane is the ____ ____ boundary

A

flexible outer

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5
Q

cytoplasm contains the ___ and ______

A

ICF and organelles

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6
Q

nucleus contains the ___ that controls the ____ activity

A

DNA, cellular

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7
Q

types of ECF are ___ fluid, ___ ___, and ____ fluid

A

interstitial, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid

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8
Q

plasma membrane (aka cell membrane) is an ____ barrier

A

active

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9
Q

phospholipids form a

A

flexible bilayer

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10
Q

2 types of membrane proteins are

A

integral and peripheral

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11
Q

integral proteins span across the ___ membrane

A

plasma

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12
Q

integral proteins ___ proteins, enzymes, and receptors

A

transport

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13
Q

integral proteins brush

A

boarder enzymes

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14
Q

transport proteins are ___ proteins

A

carrier

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15
Q

channel pores allow ____ & _____ to move thru

A

molecules, ions

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16
Q

carrier proteins ___ to a substance and move it thru the ___ membrane

A

bind, plasma

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17
Q

adjacent cells are also known as cell ____ molecules

A

adhesion

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18
Q

peripheral proteins are on the __ of plasma membrane

A

edge

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19
Q

glycocalyx form surface ____

A

sugars

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20
Q

cell junctions ____ other cells together to form ____

A

connect, tissues

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21
Q

tight junctions are in between _____ cells in the digestive tract to prevent _____ enzymes and microorganisms

A

epithelial, digestive

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22
Q

desmosomes are ______ junctions that bond to prevent the ______ of cells

A

anchoring, seperation

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23
Q

passive processes require ____ and active processes require _____

A

no energy, energy

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24
Q

filtration is a type of ____ that usually occurs across ___ walls

A

transport, capillary

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25
Q

diffusion allows ____ to move in and out of ___

A

substances, cells

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26
Q

the speed of diffusion is influenced by ____ of molecule, _____, and _____

A

size, temperature, concentration

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27
Q

simple diffusion is _____ diffusion of lipid soluble or very small _____

A

unassisted, particles

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28
Q

facilitated diffusion is _____ diffusion

A

assisted

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29
Q

osmosis is the _____ of water

A

movement

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30
Q

what substances move across the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide, and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K)

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31
Q

what moves across the plasma membrane by facilitated diffusion?

A

sugars, amino acids and ions

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32
Q

in carrier mediated facilitated diffusion, substances ____ to _____ carriers

A

bind (connect) protein

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33
Q

in CHANNEL mediated facilitated diffusion, substances ____ thru _____ _____ channels

A

move, water-filled

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34
Q

leakage channels are always ____ and allow ions or water to move according to ______ gradient

A

open, concentration

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35
Q

gated channels are _____ by chemical or ______ signals and allow substances to move according to _______ gradient

A

controlled, electrical, concentration

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36
Q

osmosis occurs whenever water ______ differs on __ sides of a ____

A

concentration, both, membrane

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37
Q

osmolarity is the ____ of total concentration of all _____ particles in water

A

measure, solute

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38
Q

when osmolarity is up water concentration is ____ and when osmolarity down water concentration is ____

A

down, up

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39
Q

water moves into solution w/ more _____, more _____, and higher ______

A

solutes, solids, osmolarity

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40
Q

equilibrium is ____ _____ on both sides

A

equal (same) volume

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41
Q

cell crenation is when too much ____ leaves a ____

A

water, cell

42
Q

cell ___ occurs when too much ____ has been pulled into a cell

A

lyses, water

43
Q

tonicity is the ability of a ____ to change the ____ (tone) of cells by altering the cell’s ____ volume

A

solution, shape, water

44
Q

isotonic solutions have the same ____ as inside the cell

A

osmolarity

45
Q

_____ and ____ are solutions isotonic to the cell

A

saline solution (salt), glucose

46
Q

hypertonic solutions have a _____ ____ than inside a cell

A

higher osmolarity

47
Q

cell bursting is aka

A

lyses

48
Q

crenation is when a cell

A

shrinks

49
Q

active process transport occurs whenever cells use _____ to move ____ across plasma membrane

A

energy, solutes

50
Q

active transport requires____ proteins

A

carrier

51
Q

primary active transport requires ______ to do work and comes directly from ___ _______

A

energy, ATP hydrolysis

52
Q

secondary active transport requires ____ to do work but the energy is obtained ____ from ionic _____

A

energy, indirectly, gradients

53
Q

vesicular transport requires ____ energy and provides ____ across membranes in _____

A

cellular, movement, vesicles

54
Q

endocytosis means to transport

A

into cell

55
Q

exocytosis means to transport

A

out of cell

56
Q

transcytosis means to transport

A

into, across, and out of a cell

57
Q

phagocytosis is a type of ____ that means ____ ____

A

endocytosis, cell eating

58
Q

phagocytic cells move by ____ motion that allows the phagocyte to creep along the ____ of our ____

A

amoeboid, surface, cells

59
Q

pinocytosis occurs w all ___ and is known as ____ ____ or _____-_____ endocytosis

A

cell, cell drinking, fluid phase

60
Q

exocytosis is the process where material is ____ from the cell

A

ejected

61
Q

membrane potential is ____ across the ____ membrane

A

voltage, plasma

62
Q

resting membrane potential is the _______ potential energy produced by oppositely charged _____

A

electrical, ions

63
Q

active transport maintains ________ gradiants

A

electrochemical

64
Q

cell _____molecules and membrane _____allow cells to interact with its environment

A

adhesion, receptors

65
Q

in _______ ________, the cells that come together and touch the cells recognize each other

A

contact signaling

66
Q

in chemical signaling, the _____ membrane _____receptors interact w ________

A

plasma, protein, ligands

67
Q

ligands are chemicals that ____ to _____ receptors

A

bind, protein

68
Q

neurotransmitters are _____ system signals

A

nervous

69
Q

hormones are ____ system signals

A

endocrine

70
Q

paracrines are _____ that act ____ and are rapidly _____

A

chemicals, locally, destroyed

71
Q

cytosol is a gel-solution made up of ____, ____, _____and _____

A

water, proteins, salts, sugars

72
Q

inclusions are chemical substances that may or may not be present in _____ but vary w cells

A

cytoplasm

73
Q

organelles are the ______ machinery of cells

A

metabolic

74
Q

mitochondria is the

A

powerhouse of the cell

75
Q

cristae are double _______ proteins with the inner membrane having ____ folds

A

membranes, many

76
Q

ribosome are ___________ organelles that are made up of _____ and ribosomal ___

A

nonmembranous, protein, RNA

77
Q

free ribosomes are ____ ________

A

free floating

78
Q

membrane-bound ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the _______ reticulum

A

endoplasmic

79
Q

endoplasmic reticulum consists of a series of _____ interconnected ______

A

parallel, cisterns

80
Q

(MCP) golgi apparatus’ are stacked and flattened membranous cistern sacs that _____, _____, _____

A

modify, concentrate, package

81
Q

golgi controls 3 pathways. A:______ vesicles; B: vesicles containing ____ or transmembrane proteins; C: _____

A

secretory, lipids, lysosomes

82
Q

lysosomes contain digestive _____

A

enzymes

83
Q

the cell’s cytoskeleton is a network of _____ rods that run throughout ______

A

protein, cytosol

84
Q

microFILAMENTS are the ____ of all cytoskeletal elements

A

thinnest

85
Q

intermediate filaments are ___, ____, ropelike proteins

A

tough, insoluble

86
Q

microTUBULES are the ___ of cytoskeleton ELEMENTS

A

largest

87
Q

centrosome is a m______ organizing center

A

microtubule

88
Q

centrioles function in ____ _____

A

cell divisions

89
Q

flagellum aids in the _____ of the cell

A

movement

90
Q

cilia move materials across the _____ of the cell

A

surface

91
Q

microvilli are fingerlike ________ that extend from the surface of the cell to ______ surface area

A

projections, increase

92
Q

the nucleus is the largest ______ within the cell

A

organelle

93
Q

uninucleate is

A

one nucleus

94
Q

multinucleate is

A

many nuclei

95
Q

some cells are anucleate which is

A

no nucleus

96
Q

nuclear envelope is a ______ membrane barrier of _____ and proteins

A

double, phospholipids

97
Q

nuclear pores allow some substances to _____ ___ and ____ of _____

A

pass, in, out, nucleus

98
Q

nucleoli are are within the _____

A

nucleus

99
Q

chromatin is _____ wrapped around _____

A

DNA, histones

100
Q

chromatin is______ DNA

A

threadlike

101
Q

chromosomes are _____ DNA

A

condensed

102
Q

chromatids are ______ DNA

A

duplicated

A&P Test 1 (5 decks)

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