ch. 2 terms Flashcards by sunshine m

matter is anything

that has mass and takes up space

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weight is mass +

the effects of gravity

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mass is the actual amt of

matter in a object (constant)

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does weight vary or
remain constant?

vary

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solid has

def volume and shape

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liquid has

ch shape and def vol

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gas has

ch shape and vol

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energy is the

ability to do work

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kinetic energy is

energy in action

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potential energy is

stored energy (has the potential)

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chemical energy is

stored in bonds of chemical substances

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cellular respiration releases energy by

breaking bonds in food

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electrical energy results from

movement of ions

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mechanical energy is directly involved in (MM)

moving matter

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electromagnetic energy is

visible light

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what 4 ELEMENTS make up 96% of the body?

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

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what are the 4 organic COMPOUNDS?

carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids

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name 3 trace elements (CCC)

Chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicone, tin, vanadium, zinc

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atom is the smallest

unit of matter

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chemistry is

matter and energy

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Atoms>____>_____

Atoms>elements>matter

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Phosphorus abb.

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equation for neutrons is ____#-____# = neutrons

decimal # - whole #

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first shell fits how many electrons

only 2

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2nd shell has how many electrons

up to 8

3rd shell has how many electrons

find the mass # by rounding the

atomic mass

molecules are 2+

atoms joined together by chemical bonds

compounds are 2+

diff atoms joined together

all compounds are

molecules, but not all molecules are compounds

protons have __ and electrons have __

+, -

what sign do neutrons have

none bc theyre neutral

atomic # = # of protons in the

nucleus

isotopes of the same element have the same # of protons but

diff # of neutrons

mixtures are physically _____ and can be _____

intertwined, separated

solutions do not settle and are _____ in solution

dissolved

homogeneous means

same

heterogeneous means

different

a solvent does ___ _________

the dissolving (dissolving medium)

a solute ______

dissolves

are colloids hetero or homo

heterogeneous

are suspensions hetero or homo

hetero

name the 3 types of covalent bonds: I.C.H.

ionic, covalent, hydrogen

a chemical bond involves the

interaction of electrons

the outermost shell is the

valence shell

valence shells have the most ___ energy

potential

atoms that gain or lose electrons are called

ions

a cation is an ion that has a ____ charge

positive

an anion is an ion that has a _____ charge

negative

cation + anion = _____ bond

ionic

ionic compounds are _____

salts

do nonpolar covalent bonds like water

do polar bonds like water

yes

atoms w greater electron attracting ability are (more is less)

electronegative

atoms w less electron attracting ability are (less is more)

electropositive

dehydration synthesis is when you

take water out

hydrolysis is when you

add water in

factors influencing rate of chemical reactions (TCPC)

Temp, concentration, size, catalyst

name the 3 inorganic compounds (WSAB)

water, salt, and many acids and bases

organic compounds contain ____

carbon

salts are ionic compounds that ____ into seperate _____ in water

dissociate, ions

the closest to 0 the

more acidic

the farther from 0 the

less acidic

pH of blood is

7.35-7.45

pH of a dead person is

6.8/7.8

pH means

power of hydrogen ions

pH of 7.0 is

neutral

pH below 7.0 is

acidic

pH above 7.0 is

basic

poly means ____ and mono means ____

many, one

monomers means

building blocks

monosaccharides are

simple sugars

glucose is ______ sugar

blood

fructose is _____ sugar

fruit

galactose is _____ sugar

milk

ribose is found in

RNA

deoxyribose is found in

DNA

-ose is

sugar

-ase is

enzymes

sucrose is ___ sugar

table

maltose is ____

grain

lactose is ____

milk

glycogen is stored in the uterus, vagina, heart, ___, ___, ___.

liver, muscles, brain

cellulose makes up bulk & ____ in our diets

fiber

3 jobs of lipids are to insulate, ___, & ___

build, provide

saturated fats are _____ @ room temp, from ____ and are ___ for us.

solid, animals, bad

unsaturated fats are ___ @ room temp, from ____ and are ___ for us.

liquid, plants, good

trans fats are _____ with oil

modified

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

what are the water soluble vitamins

B, C

proteins are for ___ and repairing

building

building blocks of protein are ____ acids

amino

four levels of protein structure are (PSTQ)

primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary

collogen is the single most abundant

protein in the body

enzymes are _____ proteins that act as ______ catalysts

globular, biological

one nucleotide is composed of _____ base, pentose sugar, and _____ group.

nitrogen, phosphate

DNA is located in the _____, & mitochondria.

nucleus

name the 4 nitrogen bases:

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)

our bodies have __ chromosomes. ___ from our father and __ from our mothers.

46, 23, 23

xy = ____, xx =____

male, female