ch. 2 terms Flashcards
matter is anything
that has mass and takes up space
weight is mass +
the effects of gravity
mass is the actual amt of
matter in a object (constant)
does weight vary or
remain constant?
vary
solid has
def volume and shape
liquid has
ch shape and def vol
gas has
ch shape and vol
energy is the
ability to do work
kinetic energy is
energy in action
potential energy is
stored energy (has the potential)
chemical energy is
stored in bonds of chemical substances
cellular respiration releases energy by
breaking bonds in food
electrical energy results from
movement of ions
mechanical energy is directly involved in (MM)
moving matter
electromagnetic energy is
visible light
what 4 ELEMENTS make up 96% of the body?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
what are the 4 organic COMPOUNDS?
carbs, fats, proteins, nucleic acids
name 3 trace elements (CCC)
Chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicone, tin, vanadium, zinc
atom is the smallest
unit of matter
chemistry is
matter and energy
Atoms>____>_____
Atoms>elements>matter
Phosphorus abb.
P
equation for neutrons is ____#-____# = neutrons
decimal # - whole #
first shell fits how many electrons
only 2
2nd shell has how many electrons
up to 8
3rd shell has how many electrons
8
find the mass # by rounding the
atomic mass
molecules are 2+
atoms joined together by chemical bonds
compounds are 2+
diff atoms joined together
all compounds are
molecules, but not all molecules are compounds
protons have __ and electrons have __
+, -
what sign do neutrons have
none bc theyre neutral
atomic # = # of protons in the
nucleus
isotopes of the same element have the same # of protons but
diff # of neutrons
mixtures are physically _____ and can be _____
intertwined, separated
solutions do not settle and are _____ in solution
dissolved
homogeneous means
same
heterogeneous means
different
a solvent does ___ _________
the dissolving (dissolving medium)
a solute ______
dissolves
are colloids hetero or homo
heterogeneous
are suspensions hetero or homo
hetero
name the 3 types of covalent bonds: I.C.H.
ionic, covalent, hydrogen
a chemical bond involves the
interaction of electrons
the outermost shell is the
valence shell
valence shells have the most ___ energy
potential
atoms that gain or lose electrons are called
ions
a cation is an ion that has a ____ charge
positive
an anion is an ion that has a _____ charge
negative
cation + anion = _____ bond
ionic
ionic compounds are _____
salts
do nonpolar covalent bonds like water
no
do polar bonds like water
yes
atoms w greater electron attracting ability are (more is less)
electronegative
atoms w less electron attracting ability are (less is more)
electropositive
dehydration synthesis is when you
take water out
hydrolysis is when you
add water in
factors influencing rate of chemical reactions (TCPC)
Temp, concentration, size, catalyst
name the 3 inorganic compounds (WSAB)
water, salt, and many acids and bases
organic compounds contain ____
carbon
salts are ionic compounds that ____ into seperate _____ in water
dissociate, ions
the closest to 0 the
more acidic
the farther from 0 the
less acidic
pH of blood is
7.35-7.45
pH of a dead person is
6.8/7.8
pH means
power of hydrogen ions
pH of 7.0 is
neutral
pH below 7.0 is
acidic
pH above 7.0 is
basic
poly means ____ and mono means ____
many, one
monomers means
building blocks
monosaccharides are
simple sugars
glucose is ______ sugar
blood
fructose is _____ sugar
fruit
galactose is _____ sugar
milk
ribose is found in
RNA
deoxyribose is found in
DNA
-ose is
sugar
-ase is
enzymes
sucrose is ___ sugar
table
maltose is ____
grain
lactose is ____
milk
glycogen is stored in the uterus, vagina, heart, ___, ___, ___.
liver, muscles, brain
cellulose makes up bulk & ____ in our diets
fiber
3 jobs of lipids are to insulate, ___, & ___
build, provide
saturated fats are _____ @ room temp, from ____ and are ___ for us.
solid, animals, bad
unsaturated fats are ___ @ room temp, from ____ and are ___ for us.
liquid, plants, good
trans fats are _____ with oil
modified
what are the fat soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
what are the water soluble vitamins
B, C
proteins are for ___ and repairing
building
building blocks of protein are ____ acids
amino
four levels of protein structure are (PSTQ)
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
collogen is the single most abundant
protein in the body
enzymes are _____ proteins that act as ______ catalysts
globular, biological
one nucleotide is composed of _____ base, pentose sugar, and _____ group.
nitrogen, phosphate
DNA is located in the _____, & mitochondria.
nucleus
name the 4 nitrogen bases:
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T)
our bodies have __ chromosomes. ___ from our father and __ from our mothers.
46, 23, 23
xy = ____, xx =____
male, female
