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Microbio > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Psychrophiles

A

-10 to 20C , cold loving , deep oceans/poles

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2
Q

Psychrotrophs

A

0 to 30C , cold dependent, responsible for food spoilage in refrigerator

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3
Q

Mesophiles

A

10 to 50C, moderate temperature loving, most bacteria

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4
Q

Thermophiles

A

40 to 70C , heat loving, sunlit soil, hot springs

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5
Q

Hyperthermophiles

A

65 to 125C, only archaea, extreme heat loving, found in thermal vents in ocean floors

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6
Q

Minimum growth temp

A

Lowest temp it can multiply at

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7
Q

Maximum growth temp

A

Highest temp it can multiply at

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8
Q

Optimal growth temp

A

Temperature at which organism divides most rapidly

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9
Q

1 flagellum

A

Monotrichous

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10
Q

Cluster of flagella on one side

A

Lophotrichous

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11
Q

Clusters of flagella on both sides

A

Amphitrichous

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12
Q

Flagella all over the cell

A

Peritrichous

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13
Q

Endoflagella

A

Only found in spirochetes, flagellum is inside a peri-plasmic space

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14
Q

Operon

A

Set of regulated genes transcribed as a single mRNA molecule, along with the sequences that control its expression. Consists of promoter, operator, structural genes, and regulatory genes

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15
Q

Inducible operon

A

Not routinely produced but its synthesis can be turned on when needed. For example, a cell would waste precious resources if it expressed an operon’s genes when a nutrient wasn’t available.

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16
Q

Repressible Operon

A

Their enzymes are routinely produced by their synthesis and can be turned off when not required. These enzymes are usually involved in anabolic pathways.

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17
Q

Robert Koch / Koch’s postulate

A

Father of modern microbiology, identified TB. Koch’s postulate states that the same pathogen must be present in every case of disease, pathogen must cause disease in healthy person when introduced from pure culture, pathogen from inoculated person Must prove to be the original organism

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18
Q

Bioremediation

A

The process of using bacteria to remove toxins from the environment. Can be used to clean up oil spills

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19
Q

Bioremediation

A

The process of using bacteria to remove toxins from the environment. Can be used to clean up oil spills

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19
Q

Bioremediation

A

The process of using bacteria to remove toxins from the environment. Can be used to clean up oil spills

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20
Q

Hierarchy of taxa

A

Domain , kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species

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21
Q

Eukarya

A

All eukaryotes including kingdoms of animals, plants, fungi, and protists

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22
Q

Bacteria

A

Most prokaryotes

23
Q

Arachaea

A

Prokaryotes that don’t have peptidoglycan in their cell walls

24
Q

Extreme halophiles (Archaea)

A

Require high concentrations of salt to survive

25
Q

Methanogens (archaea)

A

Strict anaerobes that produce methane gas

26
Q

Thermoacidophiles (archaea)

A

Normally grow in hot, acidic environments

27
Q

Strain

A

An identical group of cells derived from a single parent cell.

28
Q

Morphology

A

Shape of bacteria, 3 basic shapes

29
Q

Coccus (pl. cocci)

A

Berry shaped, spherical.
Diplococcus = 2
Tetrads = 4
Sarcinae = 8
Streptococci = chain like
Staphylococci = grape like cluster (billiards rack)

30
Q

Bacillus (pl. Bacilli)

A

Rod shaped.
Coccobacillus = cross btwn coccus and bacillus
Diplobacillus = 2
Streptobacillus = chain
Palisade-form = like pillars

31
Q

Spiral

A

Curled rods.
Vibrio = looks like a kidney bean
Spirilla/spirochete = cork screw like, moves by internal axial filament

32
Q

Monomorphic vs pleomorphic

A

Monomorphic are bacteria that maintain one shape while pleomorphic are bacteria that have many different shapes as they adapt to changes in their environment

33
Q

Mesosome

A

Similar to ER of eukaryotes but no ribosomes bound to it. It is bound to cell membrane, functions in cell division and spore formation

34
Q

Endospore

A

Develops within the cell as a mechanism of self preservation, produced due to changes in environmental conditions. Clostridium and bacillus produced spores.
*CASING IS MADE OF PICOLINIC ACID THAT IS RICH IN CALCIUM FORMS 20 to 30 LAYERS. EXTREMELY RESISTANT TO BOILING WATER, HCL, and FREEZING

35
Q

Composition of Gram + cell wall

A

Thick layer of Techoic acid (TA) , allows the NAM & NAG to stack
*CRYSTAL VIOLET adheres to TA , stains purple

36
Q

Composition of Gram - cell wall

A

Much thinner, less or no Techoic Acid (TA)
HAS AN OUTER MEMBRANE

37
Q

Mycolic Acid

A

Very strong hydrophobic fatty acid, only present in 3 types
1. Mycobacterium 2. Nocardia 3. Corynebacterium
ALL CELLS WITH MYCOLIC ACID ARE ONLY BACILLUS SHAPED

38
Q

Capsule

A

Can be present or not and can act as a food reserve, store waste material, and increase pathogenicity (prevents or impedes the function of immune system)

39
Q

Location of spores

A

Centrally, Terminally ( at the end) , Subterminally (btwn middle and end)

40
Q

Bacterial cells shriveling due to osmosis

A

Plasmolysis NOT crenation

41
Q

Pure culture

A

Contains only 1 species or strain

42
Q

Colony

A

A population of cells arising from a single cell or spore or from a group of attached cells

43
Q

Division time for bacteria

A

Most bacteria divide in 20min to 3hrs. Some bacteria take up to 24hrs to divide ( archaea)

44
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of the chemical reactions in an organism

45
Q

Catabolism

A

Energy releasing processes (breakdown)

46
Q

Anabolism

A

The energy using process ( build up)

47
Q

Scatobiotic

A

Likes darkness

48
Q

Coprophilic

A

Prefers fecal matter

49
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that make their own food

50
Q

Saprotrophs

A

Feed on dead/decaying biological matter

51
Q

Symbiotic

A

Live together within a host

52
Q

Aseptic or Aspesis

A

The absence of significant contamination

53
Q

Sterilization

A

Removal of ALL microbial life
Commercial sterilization = killing C. Botulinum endospores

54
Q

Degerming

A

Removal of microbes from a limited area

55
Q

Sanitizaiton

A

Lower microbial counts on eating utensils

Microbio (14 decks)

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