Test 1 Review Flashcards
Which of the following is not a tenet of modern cell theory that we accept today?
A) All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
B) All cells arise from preexisting cells
C) All organisms consist of one or more cells
D) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
E) None of the above
A) All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
When the size of the cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio
A) decreases initially and then begins to increase
B) increases initially and then begins to decrease
C) remains the same
D) increases
E) decreases
E) decreases
In general, how can we best describe a protist?
A) A group of single-celled organisms
B) A type of multicellular eukaryote
C) A type of prokaryote
D) A groups of multicellular prokaryotes
E) A diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms
E) A diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms
Which answer correctly ranks the atoms in terms of decreasing electronegativity (the highest EN first) ?
A) N,O,C,H
B) O,N,H,C
C) O,N,C,H
D) C,H,O,N
E) N,O,H,C
C) O,N,C,H
If you want a molecule that is highly polar,look for one they contains
A) H-N
B) C-S
C) S-H
D) O-N
E) C-H
A) H-N
Which of these is NOT a component of the cell cytoskeleton?
A) microfilament
B) intermediate filament
C) cellulose fibril
D) microtubule
C) cellulose fibril
_improved the original light microscope in the late 1600s, allowing the visualization of _
A) Robert Brown; cell structures using fluorescent antibodies
B) Robert Hooke; bacteria and viruses
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells, bacteria, algae, and other protists
D) Theodor Schwann; the internal structures of cells, such as ribosomes, nuclei, and Golgi bodies
E) Rudolf Virchow; collagen and muscle cells
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells, bacteria, algae, and other protists
What is the infectious agent responsible for COVID-19?
A) a prion
B) a fungus
C) bacterium
D) a virus
E) an extraterrestrial substance
D) a virus
What is the highest level of organization in the current phylogenetic tree of life?
A) 3 domains
B) 3 kingdoms
C) Scala naturae
D) 5 kingdoms
E) binomial classification
A) 3 domains
True or False? The atmosphere of Early Earth was very similar to today’s atmosphere
False
Which gas makes up most of the Earth’s current atmosphere ?
A) Nitrogen
B) Methane
C) Ozone
D) Hydrogen
E) Oxygen
A) Nitrogen
What atoms forms the backbone of almost all biological molecules?
A) hydrogen
B) nitrogen
C) sulfur
D) carbon
E) phosphorus
D) carbon
Which kinds of chemicals were found to be produced in the flasks at the conclusion of the Miller-Urey experiment?
A) methane, ammonia, and hydrogen
B) RNA-based viruses
C) amino acids
E) prokaryotic cells
C) amino acids
The term amphipathic refers to those molecules that are
A) hydrophobic
B) hydrophilic
C) nonpolar at both ends
D) charged at both ends but with opposite charges
E) charged at one end and nonpolar at the other
E) charged at one end and nonpolar at the other
In order to study individual sub cellular components in the laboratory, cells are first_ , then _, followed by differential centrifugation
A) lysed open ; homogenized
B) centrifugated; lysed open
C) homogenized; lysed open
D) homogenized; fractionated
A) lysed open ; homogenized
Carbon can form _ covalent bonds
A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) single and double
E) single, double, and triple
E) single, double, and triple
True or False? Polar attractions are forces between atoms with partial charges
True
Which of the following groups of organelles contain hydrolases, catalase, and detoxifying enzymes for drugs, respectively?
A) mitochondria, rough ER, smooth ER
B) lysosome, peroxisome, smooth ER
C) lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex
D) nucleus, peroxisome, rough ER
B) lysosome, peroxisome, smooth ER
Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration ?
A) ribosomes
B) smooth ER
C) nucleolus
D) chromatin
E) mitochondrion
E) mitochondrion
Ribosomal subunits are manufactured in the _
A) lysosome
B) nucleolus
C) peroxisome
D) rough ER
E) smooth ER
B) nucleolus
_ are the sites of protein synthesis
A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatuses
D) microfilaments
E) peroxisomes
A) ribosomes
Where is calcium stored inside of a eukaryotic cell?
A) microtubles
B) rough ER
C) centrioles
D) mitochondria
E) smooth ER
E) smooth ER
What modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER?
Golgi apparatus
Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a toxic by-product?
A) peroxisome
B) centrioles
C) nucleus
D) flagellum
E) mitochondrion
A) peroxisome
What is the name given to the reaction used in cells to synthesize macromolecules from monomer subunits?
A) monomerization reaction
B) catabolism reaction
C) condensation reaction
D) hydration reaction
E) hydrolysis reaction
C) condensation reaction
Which enzyme catalyzes the reverse process of the condensation reaction?
A) hydrolase
B) dehydrogenase
C) polymerase
A) hydrolase
Which is NOT a characteristic of all living things ?
A) movement from place to place
B) heredity
C) metabolism
D) reproduction
E) all of the above are characteristics of all living things
A) movement from place to place
True or False? Viruses can replicate on their own
False
What type of genome does SARS-CoV-2 contain?
A) viruses don’t have genomes
B) RNA
C) DNA
B) RNA
What is the differences between rough and smooth ER
The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes
Describe the endomembrane function
Products of ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus
Which researchers were involved in redrawing the tree of life using molecular data?
Woess and Fox
Which molecules did Woess and Fox select in their analyses ?
rRNA genes
Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
A) both are surrounded by a single membrane
B) both reproduce by meiosis
C) both have their own DNA
D) both are found in plant and animal cells
C) both have their own DNA
Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
A) peroxisome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondria
D) lysosome
E) golgi
B) vacuole
Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted ?
A) peroxisome
B) lysosome
C) golgi
D) mitochondria
E) vacuole
C) golgi
Where is bacterial cell’s DNA found ?
Nucleoid region
In bacterium, where are proteins synthesized ?
Ribosomes
Which scientist is credited with coining the term cell from Latin cellulae?
Robert Hooke
Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to 2 different domains. What are the domains ?
Bacteria and Archaea
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because
Protists have a membrane bound nucleus which bacterial cells lack
A primary objective of cell, fractionation is to
Separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined
What best summarizes the relationship between dehydration and hydrolysis reactions ?
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers
The four main categories of large biological molecules present in living systems are
Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids
Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose
Which 2 functional groups are always found in amino acids?
Carboxyl and amino
True or false? The cell wall of a plant cell is considered the extra cellular matrix of that cell
True
True or false ? A hydroxyl group will become negatively charged when placed in an aqueous environment
False
The CFTR protein is localized to the plasma membrane. This means the CFTR protein went through which translational pathway?
Co-translational
When localized to the plasma membrane, the N-terminus of the CFTR protein is in the cytoplasm. This means the N-terminus of the CFTR protein was facing the _ when it was being co-translationally imported at the RER
Cytoplasm
As molecules move through the endomembrane system via transport vesicles, anything originally present in the lumen of the RER will be facing the _ side of the plasma membrane after the transport vesicle fuses to the PM
Extracellular
Catalase is found where is the cell?
Peroxisome
What type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structures of proteins ?
Hydrogen bonds
Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein ?
Peptide bonds
What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site synthesis ?
Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane
Which levels of protein structure may be stabilized by covalent bonds?
Primary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure
True or false? Disulfide bonds stabilize the secondary structure of a protein
False
