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BIO 215 > Test 1 Review > Flashcards

Test 1 Review Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following is not a tenet of modern cell theory that we accept today?
A) All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus
B) All cells arise from preexisting cells
C) All organisms consist of one or more cells
D) The cell is the basic unit of structure for all organisms
E) None of the above

A

A) All cells have a membrane-bound nucleus

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2
Q

When the size of the cell increases, the surface area/volume ratio
A) decreases initially and then begins to increase
B) increases initially and then begins to decrease
C) remains the same
D) increases
E) decreases

A

E) decreases

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3
Q

In general, how can we best describe a protist?
A) A group of single-celled organisms
B) A type of multicellular eukaryote
C) A type of prokaryote
D) A groups of multicellular prokaryotes
E) A diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms

A

E) A diverse grouping of eukaryotic organisms

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4
Q

Which answer correctly ranks the atoms in terms of decreasing electronegativity (the highest EN first) ?
A) N,O,C,H
B) O,N,H,C
C) O,N,C,H
D) C,H,O,N
E) N,O,H,C

A

C) O,N,C,H

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5
Q

If you want a molecule that is highly polar,look for one they contains
A) H-N
B) C-S
C) S-H
D) O-N
E) C-H

A

A) H-N

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6
Q

Which of these is NOT a component of the cell cytoskeleton?
A) microfilament
B) intermediate filament
C) cellulose fibril
D) microtubule

A

C) cellulose fibril

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7
Q

_improved the original light microscope in the late 1600s, allowing the visualization of _
A) Robert Brown; cell structures using fluorescent antibodies
B) Robert Hooke; bacteria and viruses
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells, bacteria, algae, and other protists
D) Theodor Schwann; the internal structures of cells, such as ribosomes, nuclei, and Golgi bodies
E) Rudolf Virchow; collagen and muscle cells

A

C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek; sperm cells, bacteria, algae, and other protists

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8
Q

What is the infectious agent responsible for COVID-19?
A) a prion
B) a fungus
C) bacterium
D) a virus
E) an extraterrestrial substance

A

D) a virus

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9
Q

What is the highest level of organization in the current phylogenetic tree of life?
A) 3 domains
B) 3 kingdoms
C) Scala naturae
D) 5 kingdoms
E) binomial classification

A

A) 3 domains

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10
Q

True or False? The atmosphere of Early Earth was very similar to today’s atmosphere

A

False

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11
Q

Which gas makes up most of the Earth’s current atmosphere ?
A) Nitrogen
B) Methane
C) Ozone
D) Hydrogen
E) Oxygen

A

A) Nitrogen

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12
Q

What atoms forms the backbone of almost all biological molecules?
A) hydrogen
B) nitrogen
C) sulfur
D) carbon
E) phosphorus

A

D) carbon

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13
Q

Which kinds of chemicals were found to be produced in the flasks at the conclusion of the Miller-Urey experiment?
A) methane, ammonia, and hydrogen
B) RNA-based viruses
C) amino acids
E) prokaryotic cells

A

C) amino acids

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14
Q

The term amphipathic refers to those molecules that are
A) hydrophobic
B) hydrophilic
C) nonpolar at both ends
D) charged at both ends but with opposite charges
E) charged at one end and nonpolar at the other

A

E) charged at one end and nonpolar at the other

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15
Q

In order to study individual sub cellular components in the laboratory, cells are first_ , then _, followed by differential centrifugation
A) lysed open ; homogenized
B) centrifugated; lysed open
C) homogenized; lysed open
D) homogenized; fractionated

A

A) lysed open ; homogenized

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16
Q

Carbon can form _ covalent bonds
A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) single and double
E) single, double, and triple

A

E) single, double, and triple

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17
Q

True or False? Polar attractions are forces between atoms with partial charges

A

True

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18
Q

Which of the following groups of organelles contain hydrolases, catalase, and detoxifying enzymes for drugs, respectively?
A) mitochondria, rough ER, smooth ER
B) lysosome, peroxisome, smooth ER
C) lysosome, mitochondria, Golgi complex
D) nucleus, peroxisome, rough ER

A

B) lysosome, peroxisome, smooth ER

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19
Q

Which of these organelles carries out cellular respiration ?
A) ribosomes
B) smooth ER
C) nucleolus
D) chromatin
E) mitochondrion

A

E) mitochondrion

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20
Q

Ribosomal subunits are manufactured in the _
A) lysosome
B) nucleolus
C) peroxisome
D) rough ER
E) smooth ER

A

B) nucleolus

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21
Q

_ are the sites of protein synthesis
A) ribosomes
B) mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatuses
D) microfilaments
E) peroxisomes

A

A) ribosomes

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22
Q

Where is calcium stored inside of a eukaryotic cell?
A) microtubles
B) rough ER
C) centrioles
D) mitochondria
E) smooth ER

A

E) smooth ER

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23
Q

What modifies, stores, and packages products of the ER?

A

Golgi apparatus

24
Q

Which of these organelles produces H2O2 as a toxic by-product?
A) peroxisome
B) centrioles
C) nucleus
D) flagellum
E) mitochondrion

A

A) peroxisome

25
Q

What is the name given to the reaction used in cells to synthesize macromolecules from monomer subunits?
A) monomerization reaction
B) catabolism reaction
C) condensation reaction
D) hydration reaction
E) hydrolysis reaction

A

C) condensation reaction

26
Q

Which enzyme catalyzes the reverse process of the condensation reaction?
A) hydrolase
B) dehydrogenase
C) polymerase

A

A) hydrolase

27
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of all living things ?
A) movement from place to place
B) heredity
C) metabolism
D) reproduction
E) all of the above are characteristics of all living things

A

A) movement from place to place

28
Q

True or False? Viruses can replicate on their own

A

False

29
Q

What type of genome does SARS-CoV-2 contain?
A) viruses don’t have genomes
B) RNA
C) DNA

A

B) RNA

30
Q

What is the differences between rough and smooth ER

A

The outer surface of smooth ER lacks ribosomes, whereas the outer surface of rough ER has ribosomes

31
Q

Describe the endomembrane function

A

Products of ER are usually modified during their transit from the cis to the trans region of the Golgi apparatus

32
Q

Which researchers were involved in redrawing the tree of life using molecular data?

A

Woess and Fox

33
Q

Which molecules did Woess and Fox select in their analyses ?

A

rRNA genes

34
Q

Which of the following are common traits of chloroplasts and mitochondria?
A) both are surrounded by a single membrane
B) both reproduce by meiosis
C) both have their own DNA
D) both are found in plant and animal cells

A

C) both have their own DNA

35
Q

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell?
A) peroxisome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondria
D) lysosome
E) golgi

A

B) vacuole

36
Q

Which of the following produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted ?
A) peroxisome
B) lysosome
C) golgi
D) mitochondria
E) vacuole

A

C) golgi

37
Q

Where is bacterial cell’s DNA found ?

A

Nucleoid region

38
Q

In bacterium, where are proteins synthesized ?

A

Ribosomes

39
Q

Which scientist is credited with coining the term cell from Latin cellulae?

A

Robert Hooke

40
Q

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to 2 different domains. What are the domains ?

A

Bacteria and Archaea

41
Q

Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because

A

Protists have a membrane bound nucleus which bacterial cells lack

42
Q

A primary objective of cell, fractionation is to

A

Separate the major organelles so that their particular functions can be determined

43
Q

What best summarizes the relationship between dehydration and hydrolysis reactions ?

A

Dehydration reactions assemble polymers and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers

44
Q

The four main categories of large biological molecules present in living systems are

A

Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids

45
Q

Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because

A

Humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose

46
Q

Which 2 functional groups are always found in amino acids?

A

Carboxyl and amino

47
Q

True or false? The cell wall of a plant cell is considered the extra cellular matrix of that cell

A

True

48
Q

True or false ? A hydroxyl group will become negatively charged when placed in an aqueous environment

A

False

49
Q

The CFTR protein is localized to the plasma membrane. This means the CFTR protein went through which translational pathway?

A

Co-translational

50
Q

When localized to the plasma membrane, the N-terminus of the CFTR protein is in the cytoplasm. This means the N-terminus of the CFTR protein was facing the _ when it was being co-translationally imported at the RER

A

Cytoplasm

51
Q

As molecules move through the endomembrane system via transport vesicles, anything originally present in the lumen of the RER will be facing the _ side of the plasma membrane after the transport vesicle fuses to the PM

A

Extracellular

52
Q

Catalase is found where is the cell?

A

Peroxisome

53
Q

What type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structures of proteins ?

A

Hydrogen bonds

54
Q

Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein ?

A

Peptide bonds

55
Q

What path does a protein in the secretory pathway take, starting from its site synthesis ?

A

Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicles, plasma membrane

56
Q

Which levels of protein structure may be stabilized by covalent bonds?

A

Primary, tertiary, and quaternary levels of protein structure

57
Q

True or false? Disulfide bonds stabilize the secondary structure of a protein

A

False

BIO 215 (6 decks)

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