Old Test 3 Questions

Question 1

The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation is based on several lines of experimental evidence. Which of the following statements regarding experimental observations does not support the oxidative phosphorylation model?
A) artificial proton gradients established by the addition of an acid can drive ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
B) uncoupling agents that abolish the proton gradient also abolish ATP synthesis
C)oxidative phosphorylation requires a membrane -enclosed compartment
D) the proton gradient established by electron transport has enough energy to drive ATP synthesis
E) electron transport increases the pH of the inter membrane space

Answer 1

E) electron transport increases the pH of the inter membrane space

Question 2

Matter and energy flow through the biosphere. The flow of matter, however, differs from the flow of energy. Which of the following statements accurately describes these differences?
A) energy flows as organic molecules are reduced to inorganic molecules, but matter does not
B) matter and energy flow sometimes in cycles and sometimes uniderectionally
C)energy flows from chemotrophs to phototrophs, whereas a matter flowed from phototrophs to chemotrophs
D) matter flows in cycles, whereas energy flows in one direction
E) matter does not accompany energy as it enters the biosphere, but it does flow with energy from the biosphere

Answer 2

D) matter flows in cycles, whereas energy flows in one direction

Question 3

True or false?oxygen is not necessary for glycolysis to proceed

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A bacterium is found inside the phagosome of a white blood cell, which of the following is associated with this process?
A) the phagosome will fuse to a peroxisome in order to break down the bacterium
B) the hydrolytic enzymes involved in the breakdown of the bacterium were synthesized by the cotranslational import pathway
C) digestion of the bacterium will occur directly in the cytoplasm of the WBC
D) the membrane of the phagosome is derived from the cell wall of the bacterium
E) more than one above is true

Answer 4

B) the hydrolytic enzymes involved in the breakdown of the bacterium were synthesized by the cotranslational import pathway

Question 5

The release of 12 molecules of CO2 during the Kreb’s cycle would correspond to the metabolism of …glucose molecules
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 12

Answer 5

B) 3

Question 6

During the day, protons are driven into the…. Causing the pH of the thylakoid lumen to ….
A) thylakoid lumen; increase
B) stroma; increase
C) stroma; decrease
D) thylakoid lumen ; decrease
E) none of the above

Answer 6

D) thylakoid lumen ; decrease

Question 7

In fermentation…. Is reduced and …. Is oxidized
A) NADH… pyruvate
B) NAD+…pyruvate
C) pyruvate….NADH
D) pyruvate ….NAD+
E) lactate….NADH

Answer 7

C) pyruvate….NADH

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration?
A) the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water
B) catabolism of sugars and related compounds
C) breaking down ATP, so that ADP and P can be reused
D) producing complex molecules from chemical building blocks
E) transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules into another chemical from that cells can use for work

Answer 8

E) transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules into another chemical from that cells can use for work

Question 9

A freshwater protozoan was placed in solution A and observed to open and close its contractile vacuoles at a rate of 10 contractions per minute. The same protozoan was then placed in solution B and observed to open and close its contractile vacuoles at a rate of 7 contractions per minute. Based on this information which of the following statements is correct?
A) solution B is more hypertonic to the cell than solution A
B) solutions A and are isotonic to each other
C) solution B is more hypertonic to solution A
D) solution A and B are both hypertonic to the protozoan cell
E) A and C are both correct

Answer 9

C) solution B is more hypertonic to solution A

Question 10

Rubisco is an enzyme that catalyzes which of the following processes?
A) oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
B) “Fixation of CO2 to the acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5 bisphophate
C) reduction of Calvin cycle intermediates using NADPH
D) phosphorylation of triose phosphate to regenerate ribulose-1,5-biphosphate
E) combining Acetyl from Acetyl Co-A with oxaloacetate

Answer 10

B) “Fixation of CO2 to the acceptor molecule ribulose-1,5 bisphophate

Question 11

Phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the interconversion between glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. True or false? Increasing levels of G-6-P in the the cytoplasm would indicated the energy needs of the cell are met, thus initiating glycogenesis

Answer 11

True

Question 12

As electrons move through the electron transport system from photo system II to Cytbo, they lose energy. What happens to this energy?
A) it is used to phosphorylated NAD+ to NADPH
B) it is released as heat and fluorescence due to the return of these electrons to their ground state
C) it excites electrons in the reaction center of photo system I
D) it is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient
E) more than one above

Answer 12

D) it is used to establish and maintain a proton gradient

Question 13

Bacteriocytes are endosymbionts that line the epithelial cells of the gills of certain bivalve marine organisms. The bacteriocytes are capable of using CO2 and other inorganic molecules as energy sources to generate organic molecules. This benefits the bivalves, which can’t generate their own organic molecules. Bacteriocytes can therefore be classified as:
A) photo heterotrophs
B) chemoheterotrophs
C) photoautoheterotrophs
D) chemoautotrophs

Answer 13

D) chemoautotrophs

Question 14

In oxidative phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate to ATP?
A) energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport chain
B) energy released from diffusion of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase
C) energy released from substrate level phosphorylation
D) no external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic
E) energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from mitochondrial matrix

Answer 14

B) energy released from diffusion of protons from the intermembrane space to the matrix through ATP synthase

Question 15

True or false? The dark reaction of photosynthesis only occurs at night time

Answer 15

False

Question 16

In addition to pyruvate, what are the end products of glycolysis?
A) CO2, NADH and ATP
B) CO2 and ATP
C) CO2 and NADH
D) NADH and ATP
E) Acetyl -CoA and FADH2

Answer 16

D) NADH and ATP

Question 17

When energy is needed by the cell, which of the following is correct in regard to the metabolism of fatty acids?
A) glucose 6-phosphate is produced, which decreases the rate of the citric acid cycle
B) Acetyl-CoA is produced, which decreases the rate of the citric acid cycle
C) glucose 6-phosphate is produced, which increases the rate of the citric acid cycle
D) Acetyl-CoA is produced, which increases the rate of the citric acid cycle
E) glucose 1-phosphate is produced, which increases the rate of the citric acid cycle

Answer 17

D) Acetyl-CoA is produced, which increases the rate of the citric acid cycle

Question 18

Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. The BEST description of this process is that CO2 is… and H2O is….
A) reduced….reduced
B) consumed ….reduced
C) oxidized ….consumed
D) oxidized….reduced
E) reduced…..oxidized

Answer 18

E) reduced…..oxidized

Question 19

Comparing the mitochondrion and the chloroplast, which mitochondrion compartment is most like the thylakoid lumen in the chloroplast, in terms of function?
A) inter membrane space
B) inner mitochondrial membrane
C) stroma
D) matrix

Answer 19

A) inter membrane space

Question 20

True or false? During oxidative phosphorylation electrons are transferred to ATP synthases to facilitate ATP production

Answer 20

False

Question 21

One of the key innovations in the evolution of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor is the endomembrane system. What eukaryotic organelles or features might have evolved as a part of, or as an elaboration of, the endomembrane system.
A) chloroplasts
B) mitochondria
C) nuclear envelope
D) plasma membrane
E) more than one above

Answer 21

C) nuclear envelope

Question 22

Mammalian red blood cells function as obligate anaerobes. Which of the following processes are carried out in these cells?
1. Glycolysis
2. Citric acid cycle
3. Electron transport
A) 1. Only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1 and 3 only
E) 1, 2 and 3 only

Answer 22

A) 1. Only

Question 23

NADH accumulation in a cell will….regulate the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex.
A) positively
B) negatively
C) none of the above. Accumulation of NADH will have no effect on the PDH complex

Answer 23

B) negatively

Question 24

True or False? The extracellular matrix does NOT contain cytoskeletal elements

Answer 24

True

Question 25

Which of the following is (are) true of the Cori cycle?
A) ATP is produced in the liver for use in muscle cells
B) gluconeogenesis occurs in muscle cells
C) lactate is converted into glucose in the liver
D) glycogenesis in the liver occurs to release free glucose
E) more than one of the above is true

Answer 25

C) lactate is converted into glucose in the liver

Question 26

To ensure regulation, certain Calvin cycle enzymes (eg phosphoribulokinase) are deactivated when they are…other (eg rubisco) are deactivated by an increase in…
A) oxidized; pH
B) reduced; pH
C) reduced,[H+]
D) oxidized, [H+]

Answer 26

D) oxidized, [H+]

Question 27

During glycolysis, the glucose molecule is primed by the step-wise conversion into higher energy phosphorylated intermediate. In addition to glucose priming, other significant events take place during glycolysis. The proper sequence of events in glycolysis is:
A) cleavage, glucose priming, ATP generation, oxidation
B) ATP generation, oxidation, cleavage, ATP generation
C) glucose priming, oxidation, cleavage, ATP generation
D) glucose priming, cleavage, oxidation , ATP generation
E) oxidation, cleavage, ATP generation , glucose priming

Answer 27

D) glucose priming, cleavage, oxidation , ATP generation

Question 28

Following the excitation and oxidation of chlorophyll in photosystem II, electrons are replaced by
A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) water
D) photosytem I
E) none of the above. Chlorophyll is reduced, not oxidized, during photosynthesis

Answer 28

C) water

Question 29

Brown fat is a type of adipose tissue that contains many more mitochondria that white fat. As such, which of the following would be expected ?
A) brown fat would have more blood vessels due to lower oxygen demand that white fat
B) brown fat would have more blood vessels due to higher oxygen demand than white fat
C) brown fat would have fewer blood vessels due to higher oxygen demand that white fat
D) brown fat would have fewer blood vessels due to lower oxygen demand than white fat

Answer 29

B) brown fat would have more blood vessels due to higher oxygen demand than white fat

Question 30

The carbon that enters the Calvin cycle is …. To form triose phosphates
A) oxidized by NADPH
B) reduced by ATP
C) reduced by NADPH
D) oxidized by ATP
E) reduced and phosphorylated by NADPH

Answer 30

C) reduced by NADPH

Question 31

The process of …. Would be activated when glucose is in excess and the cell does not need additional energy in the form of ATP.
A) glycogenolysis
B) gluconeogenesis
C) glycolysis
D) glycogenesis

Answer 31

D) glycogenesis

Question 32

The 16-carbon saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, is found naturally in palm kernel oil. When catabolized palmitic acid required …. Rounds of the beta oxidation pathway, and produces ….molecules of Acetyl-CoA
A) 7,6
B) 9,8
C) 7,8
D) 8,7
E) 16, 8

Answer 32

C) 7,8

Question 33

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?
A) it can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation
B) it when mor chemical energy NADH
C) it is the oxidized form of NADH
D) it delivers electrons to ATP synthase
E) more than one of the above is true

Answer 33

C) it is the oxidized form of NADH

Question 34

True or false? Chlorophyll absorbs light in the green range of the visible light spectrum and reflects all other wavelengths

Answer 34

False

Question 35

As electrons move through the electron transport chain, protons are actively driven into the ….resulting in a(n) …. In the pH of the matrix
A) inter membrane space; increase
B) matrix ; decrease
C) matrix; increase
D) inter membrane space; decrease
E) none of the above e

Answer 35

A) inter membrane space; increase

Question 36

Yogurt production involves all the following except…
A) decreasing pH of the milk
B) lactate fermentation
C) lactose catabolism
D) glycolysis
E) all of the above are involved in yogurt production

Answer 36

E) all of the above are involved in yogurt production

Question 37

In glycolysis, glucose is ….resulting in two pyruvate molecules
A) oxidized during catabolic pathway
B) reduced during an anabolic pathway
C) oxidized during an anabolic pathway
D) reduced during a catabolic pathway

Answer 37

A) oxidized during catabolic pathway

Question 38

True or false ? Humans are considered autotrophs since they can ‘eat themselves’

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Aerobic respiration is exergonic because ….
A) the covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide
B) the covalent bond in O2 is unstable and easily broken down by electrons from organic molecules
C) electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons(such as O)
D) the electrons have higher potential energy when associated with water and CO2 then they do in organic compounds
E) none of the above. Aerobic respiration is endergonic

Answer 39

C) electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons(such as O)

Question 40

Disassembly and reassembly of the nuclear lamina during cell division is controlled by the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of lamin proteins. When lamins are phosphorylated , the consequent confirmation change weakens the binding between the proteins, causing the structures to fall apart. Dephosphorylation at the end of mitosis cause the lamins to reassemble .
True or false? Phosphorylase would be involved in the reassembly of lamins at the end of mitosis

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Which of the following statements describes the results of aerobic respiration?
A) CO2 is reduced and O2 is oxidized
B) O2 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
C) O2 is oxidized and H2O is reduced
D) C6H12O6 is reduced and CO2 is oxidized
E) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced

Answer 41

E) C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced

Question 42

Some bacteria can undertake a type of photosynthesis that uses H2S in place of H2O. Assuming that the process is otherwise similar to green plant photosynthesis, which if the following could represent the overall reaction ?
A) CO2 + H2S—>C6H12S6 + SO2
B) CO2 + H2S—> C6H12O6 + S
C) CO2 + H2S—> C6H12O6 +O2
D) CO2 + H2S—> C6H12S6 + O2

Answer 42

B) CO2 + H2S—> C6H12O6 + S

Question 43

During what stage of oxygen photosynthesis is O2 produced ?
A) ATP synthesis
B) the Calvin cycle
C) the Kreb’s cycle
D) the light -dependent reactions involving photsystems I and II
E) oxygen is not produced during oxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 43

D) the light -dependent reactions involving photsystems I and II

Question 44

Why is oxygen necessary for aerobic respiration?
A) it accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain
B) it is needed for glycolysis
C) it is an electron acceptor in the citric acid cycle
D) it is directly involved in the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP
E) more than one above

Answer 44

A) it accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain

Question 45

During the aerobic respiration pathway, which of the following best summarizes the sequence of electron travel ?
A) glucose ; pyruvate ; ATP; oxygen
B) glucose; glycolysis; electron transport chain, NAD+/NADH, ATP
C) glucose, NAD+/NADH, electron transport chain , oxygen
D) glucose, Kreb’s cycle, ATP, NAD+/NADH
E) glucose, glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain, ATP

Answer 45

C) glucose, NAD+/NADH, electron transport chain , oxygen

Question 46

True or false? The chloroplast is the site of aerobic respiration in plants

Answer 46

False

Question 47

Which of the following best describes how plant cell gets energy it needs for cellular processing?
A) most ATP comes from digestion of organic matter absorbed by roots, some comes from chloroplasts
B) the sugars made by photosynthesis can be used by respiration to make ATP
C) in the light,the ATP comes from the chloroplast in the dark, from mitochondria
D) ATP is transported to cells that lack chloroplasts
E) the chloroplasts provide all the ATP needed by the plant

Answer 47

B) the sugars made by photosynthesis can be used by respiration to make ATP