Test 1 REDO Flashcards
Make a conscious effort to change your perspective when responding to hazardous materials/WMD incidents. What does this mean?
– Slow down. – Think about the problem and available resources. – Take well-considered actions to solve it.
Initial and ongoing actions may be guided by?
Your authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) (governing body that sets operational policy and procedures) – Local or organizational emergency response plans – Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
What Is a Hazardous Material Anyway?
Hazardous material – Substance capable of posing unreasonable risk to human health, safety, or environment when * Transported in commerce * Used incorrectly * Not properly contained or stored – Referred to as dangerous goods in UN Model Regulations
What is the difference between Regulations and Standards?
Regulations – Issued and enforced by governmental bodies such as Federal, provincial and territorial Occupational Health and Safety Acts (OHSA). * Standards – Issued by nongovernmental entities – Generally consensus-based – May be voluntary
Is the NFPA standards or regulations?
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) – Issues voluntary consensus-based standards – Technical committee is required to * Meet regularly * Revise, update, and possibly change a standard * Review and act on any public comments during the revision process – Once finalized, agencies may choose to adopt the standard.
NFPA 472 is not a “how to respond” document
Provides a standard for competence of responders to hazardous materials / weapons of mass destruction incidents.
What is a awareness level personnel?
Awareness Level (NFPA) * NFPA 472 states that a person with awareness level training is not considered a responder. – Now referred to as awareness level personnel – Not typically called to the scene to respond – Function in support roles * NFPA 472 considers a grenade to be a weapon of mass destruction.
What are some tasks awareness level personnel can perform?
Tasks awareness level personnel may be expected to perform on the scene: – Analyzing the incident – Identifying distinctive markings – Collecting information from the current edition of the Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG) – Initiating and implementing protective actions – Initiating the notification process * Awareness level personnel must meet the requirements defined in NFPA 1072, Chapter 4.
What are the core competencies for a Operations level personnel?
Operations level core competencies – Analyzing the scene to determine the scope of the incident – Surveying scene to identify containers and materials involved – Collecting information from available reference sources – Predicting likely behaviour of a hazardous material
Operations level core competencies – Estimating potential harm substances might cause – Planning a response to the release – Performing decontamination – Preserving evidence – Evaluating response status and effectiveness
Do Operations level responders expected to perform additional missions beyond the core competencies have to be trained to carry out those mission specific responsibility’s?
Yes and Operations Level responders must work under the direct supervision of Technician Level personnel when performing mission-specific competencies.
What are some operations level mission specific competencies?
Personal protective equipment (PPE) – Mass decontamination – Technical decontamination – Evidence preservation and public safety sampling – Product control – Detection, monitoring, and sampling – Victim rescue/recovery
Illicit laboratory incidents – Disablement/disruption of improvised explosive devices (IEDs), improvised WMD dispersal devices, and operations at improvised explosives laboratories – Diving in contaminated water environment – Evidence collection
What is a technician/specialist?
NFPA 1072 defines technician level personnel as – Persons who respond to hazardous materials/WMD incidents using a riskbased response process by which they analyze a problem involving hazardous materials/WMD, plan a response to the problem, implement the planned response, evaluate progress of the planned response, and assist in terminating the incident.
What does an Incident commander do?
Incident commander competency areas – Know how to implement the local emergency response plan. – Know of the provincial and federal emergency response plans – Know and understand the importance of decontamination procedure.
What is Transport Canada (TC)?
A government entity that enforces and publicizes laws and regulations governing transportation of goods.
What are target hazards?
Target hazards include any occupancy type or facility that presents – A high potential for loss of life –Serious impact to the community resulting from fire, explosion, or chemical release
Once threats have been identified, fire departments, police agencies, public health offices, and other governmental agencies should?
Determine the most appropriate response – Work together in case of a large-scale incident.
NFPA 472 expands the scope of an operations level responder’s duties by?
identifying optional mission-specific competencies. * The Canadian Labour Code issues regulations that responders must follow.
Chemical and physical properties are the measurable characteristics of a substance. * Pesticide bags must be labeled with specific information. * The word “Warning” means?
that the product is moderately toxic.
Expansion Ratio and Chemical Reactivity * Expansion ratio?
Describes volume increase that occurs when a compressed liquefied gas changes to a gas
Ignition temperature – Minimum temperature at which fuel will ignite in the presence of air and continue to burn whereas Flammable range is?
Flammable range (explosive limit) – Expression of fuel/air mixture – Includes: * Lower explosive limit (LEL) * Upper explosive limit (UEL)
What is vapor Pressure?
Develops between top of liquid and the container * Vapours released from the surface must be contained to exert pressure * In liquids, the greater the vapour pressure the faster the liquid will evaporate * May be exerted in – Pounds per square inch (psi) – Atmospheres (atm) – Torr (Torr = 1/760 atm) – Millimetres of mercury (mm Hg)
What is boiling point?
Temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapours in sustained amounts * Liquid will turn completely to gas if held at that temperature long enough. * Flammable liquids with low boiling points are dangerous because they may produce large volumes of flammable vapour at relatively low temperatures.
Molecular Weight * As the molecular weight of a substance increases what happens?
↓ Vapour pressure decreases ↑ Boiling point increases ↑ Flash point increases ↓ Ignition temperature decreases ↑ Heat output increases
What is the standard atmospheric pressure?
Standard Atmospheric Pressure is 101.4 kPa (14.7 psi) at sea level * Exerted on every surface of every object, including the surface of water. 101.4 kPa (14.7 psi) = 760 torr = 1 atm
What is vapor density?
Weight of an airborne concentration of a vapour or gas * Cylinder A – vapour density less than 1 * Cylinder B – vapour density greater than 1 * Air = 1
What is specific gravity?
Comparison between the weight of a liquid chemical and the weight of water * Specific gravity of water is 1.0. * Materials will float in water if their specific gravity is less than 1.0
What is corrosivity?
Ability of a material to damage eyes, skin, and other body parts on contact * Acid – pH value less than 7 * Base – pH value greater than 7 * Neutral pH is 7
Toxic Products of Combustion * Substances found in most fire smoke?
Soot (carcinogen) – Carbon monoxide – Carbon dioxide – Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons – Benzene (carcinogen) – Water vapour – Formaldehyde (carcinogen) – Cyanide compounds – Chlorine compounds – Nitrous Oxide (lung irritant) – Many oxides of nitrogen
What creates a radioactive isotope?
Variation in number of neutrons
Each element is made up of atoms. * In the nucleus of each atom has protons, and neutrons. * Orbiting the nucleus are electrons. how are they charged?
➢Protons - (+) positive electrical charge ➢Neutrons – no electrical charge ➢Electrons – (-) negative electrical charge
What are alpha particles?
Alpha particles – Have weight and mass – Cannot travel far from nucleus (less than a few centimeters)
What are beta particles?
May break chemical bonds at the molecular level and cause damage to living tissue. * This is known as Ionizing Radiation
What are gamma rays?
Gamma rays – No mass, no electrical charge – Pure electromagnetic energy – Travel at the speed of light – Most energetic type of radiation responders may encounter – Can be deadly, and self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) will not protect you – Typical sources * Cesium * Cobalt
What is hazard and exposure?
Hazardous materials are capable of posing an unreasonable risk to * Health * Safety * Environment – Exposure is the process by which people and objects come into contact with a hazardous material
What is secondary contamination?
Contamination through direct contact with a contaminated person or object – Also known as cross contamination
What is a chronic health hazard?
Adverse health effect that occurs gradually over time after a long-term exposure to a hazard – Also known as a chronic health effect – May appear after * Long-term or chronic exposures * Multiple short-term exposures over a short period
What are acute health effects?
Acute health effects – Caused by chemicals that pose a hazard to health after short exposure periods – Examples * Eye irritation * Coughing * Dizziness * Skin burns
What is Lethal concentration (LC)?
Concentration of a material in air (gaseous state) that is expected to kill a specified number of the group of test animals when administered over a specific period of time * When LD or LC are followed by a number, it indicates the percentage of test subjects that will die when exposed to a specific amount
Materials that cause severe skin and /or respiratory responses in sensitized people after exposure to a very small amount of material are called?
sensitizers
What is bulk packaging?
Defined by internal capacity – Maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gal) – Maximum net mass greater than 400 kg (882 lb) and a maximum capacity greater than 450 L (119 gal) as a receptacle for a solid – Water capacity greater than 454 kg (1000 lb) as a receptacle for a gas
Pressurized horizontal tanks – Rounded ends – Large vents or pressurerelief stacks – Commonly contain?
liquid propane and liquid ammonia
What do Ton Containers typically hold?
Hold compressed liquefied gases (commonly Sulfur dioxide)
What are some intermodal tanks?
Types – IM-101 portable tanks (IMO type 1 internationally) – IM-102 portable tanks (IMO type 2 internationally) Pressure intermodal tanks (IMO type 5 internationally) (high-pressure vessels) Cryogenic intermodal tanks (IMO type 7 internationally)
What are totes?
portable plastic tank inside a rigid stainless steel frame or a square metal tank around 1.2 m (4 ft) wide and 1.8 m (6 ft) tall.
What is a flexible bladder?
Typically portable – Used for * Short-term storage * Dispensing of low-hazard materials
What are some non pressure liquid cargo tanks?
MC-306/DOT 406 cargo tanks – Familiar oval-shaped highway gasoline tanker – Frequently carry * Liquid food-grade products * Gasoline * Other flammable and combustible liquids – Nonpressurized
What are some low-pressure chemical cargo tanks?
MC-307/DOT 407 chemical haulers – Holds 22,680 to 26,460 L (6000 to 7000 gal) – May have a higher internal working pressure – May be insulated or Uninsulated (insulated may be referred to as being horseshoe-shaped.
What are some low-pressure chemical cargo tanks?
MC-307/DOT 407 chemical haulers – Holds 22,680 to 26,460 L (6000 to 7000 gal) – May have a higher internal working pressure – May be insulated or Uninsulated (insulated may be referred to as being horseshoe-shaped.
What is a high pressure cargo tank?
MC-331 – Carries ammonia, Freon®, propane and butane
What is a cryogenic liquid cargo tank?
Cryogenic liquid cargo tanks – MC-338 – Low-pressure tank – Relies on tank insulation to maintain low temperatures – Normal for small puffs of white vapor to vent from relief valve
What do compressed gas tube trailer carry?
Compressed gas tube trailers – Carry compressed gases – Made of several individual cylinders banded together and affixed to a trailer – Working pressure of 20,684 to 34,474 kPa (3000 to 5000 psi) – Valve control box toward rear of trailer – Each cylinder has its own relief valve
What do dry bulk cargo trailers carry?
Dry bulk cargo trailers – Carry dry bulk goods – Not pressurized, but may use pressure to offload product – Generally V-shaped with rounded sides that funnel contents to bottom-mounted valves
What do pressure tank cars transport?
Transport propane, ammonia, ethylene oxide, and chlorine – Internal pressures range from 689 to 3447 kPa (100 to 500 psi) – Top-mounted fittings for loading and unloading – High volumes can generate long-duration, high-pressure leaks
What do Railway gondolas Carry?
Carry lumber, scrap metal, coal, and pipes
Information to have ready when calling CANUTEC?
Name of the chemical(s) involved in the incident (if known) – Name of the caller and callback telephone number – Location of the actual incident or problem – Shipper or manufacturer of the chemical (if known) – Container type – Railcar or vehicle markings or numbers – Shipping carrier’s name and recipient of material – Local conditions and exact description of the situation
What are your initial actions?
Initial Actions * Establish incident command in a safe location. * Initial task should be to determine – Nature of the situation – Types of potential hazards – Magnitude of problems to face * Initial recon team should – Examine the involved area. – Determine how many people are involved.
What is Interagency coordination?
Interagency Coordination * CDC Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) may be requested. * EOC can help coordinate agencies.
What are nerve agents?
Nerve agent * Agents that take a longer time to evaporate than water, are called persistent * Most are liquids in their normal states – Must be dispersed in * Aerosol form * Fine droplets to be inhaled or * absorbed – Effectiveness depends on * How long it stays in the air * How widely it is dispersed
What are symptoms of exposure to a nerve agent?
Symptoms of exposure – Pinpoint pupils – Runny nose – Drooling – Difficulty breathing – Tearing – Twitching – Diarrhea – Convulsions or seizures – Loss of consciousness
Nerve Agents * Use SLUDGEM to remember symptoms – Salivation – Lacrimation – Urination – Defecation – Gastric upset – Emesis – Miosis
What is a duoDote auto-injector?
Most common field-level medical treatment – Developed as a nerve agent exposure antidote – Contains: * Atropine * 2-PAM – Many EMS carry these antidotes in their vehicles – May be ineffective after a period of time
What is anthrax caused by?
Anthrax * Infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis
How many anthrax spores are needed to cause an anthrax infection?
8000 to 10000
What is plague?
Plague * Caused by Yersinia pestis – Found on rodents * Often transmitted through flea bites * Forms – Bubonic plague (Lymph Nodes) – Pneumonic plague
What is smallpox?
Smallpox * Highly infectious * Often fatal * Caused by variola virus * First presents with – Small red spots – Rash in mouth * Lesions – All in same stage of development at the same time – Found on palms and soles
