Chapter 31 Key notes

Question 1

What are the three main types of stresses that can cause a container to fail?

Answer 1

Thermal, chemical, mechanical

Question 2

What does thermal failure mean?

Answer 2

Thermal: heat created from fire or cold generated by environmental factors or substances such as cryogenics.

Question 3

What does chemical failure mean?

Answer 3

The interaction of incompatible chemicals and/or the physical and chemical properties of a substance and how those substances interact inside or outside a container may lead to overpressure, disintegration, or other kinds of failures of any type of container

Question 4

What does mechanical failure mean?

Answer 4

Failing debris, shrapnel, firearms, explosives, forklift puncture, and the like are all examples of how mechanical means can cause container failure

Question 5

What is physical change?

Answer 5

When a material changes state from a gas, solid, or liquid it is known as physical change

Question 6

What is the expansion ratio?

Answer 6

The expansion ratio is a description of the volume increase that occurs when a compressed liquified gas changes to a gas

Question 7

What is chemical reactivity?

Answer 7

Chemical reactivity(also know as chemical change) describes the ability of a substance to undergo a transformation at the molecular level, usually with a release of some form of energy

Question 8

What is flash point?

Answer 8

Flash point is an expression of the minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off sufficient vapours such that, when an ignition source is present, the vapours will result in a flash fire.

Question 9

What is the flash point of diesel fuel?

Answer 9

The flash point of diesel fuel is 49C to 60C (120F to 140F)

Question 10

What is fire point?

Answer 10

Fire point is the temperature at which sustained combustion of the vapour will occur.

Question 11

What is ignition temperature?

Answer 11

Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in the presence of air and continue to burn. It does not require at external ignition source

Question 12

What is flammable range(explosive limit)?

Answer 12

Flammable range (explosive limit) is an expression of a fuel/air mixture, defined by upper and lower limits that reflect an amount of flammable vapour mixed with a given volume of air

Question 13

What is the flammable range for gasoline vapours?

Answer 13

Gasolines vapours flammable range is 1.4 percent(low limit) to 7.6 percent(low limit)

Question 14

When is a vapour pressure taken?

Answer 14

Normally a vapour pressure is taken at an ambient temperature of 20C (68F)

Question 15

What is boiling point?

Answer 15

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapours in sustained amounts and, if held at that temperature long enough, will turn completely into gas

Question 16

What is the boiling point of water?

Answer 16

The boiling point of water is 100C 212F

Question 17

What is vapour density?

Answer 17

Vapour density is the weight of an airborne concentration of a vapour or gas as compared to an equal volume of dry air

Question 18

What is 4H MEDIC ANNA?

Answer 18

H:hydrogen
H:helium
H:hydrogen cyanide
H:hydrogen fluoride
M:methane
E:ethylene
D:diborane
I:illuminating gas (methane/ethane mixture)
C:carbon monoxide
A:ammonia
N:neon
N:nitrogen
A:acetylene

Question 19

What is 4H MEDIC ANNA used for?

Answer 19

To remember lighter than air gases

Question 20

What is the specific gravity of water?

Answer 20

The specific gravity of water is 1.0, materials will sink in water if their specific gravity is greater than 1.0

Question 21

What’s is Corrosivity?

Answer 21

Corrosivity is the ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts of the body

Question 22

What is the ph level of an acid?

Answer 22

Acids have a ph value less than 7

Question 23

What’s is the ph value of a base?

Answer 23

A base has a ph value greater than 7

Question 24

What is the ph value of a neutral?

Answer 24

A neutral has a ph of 7

Question 25

What is radioactivity?

Answer 25

Radioactivity is the natural and spontaneous process by which unstable atoms (isotopes) of an element decay to a different state and emit or radiate excess energy in the form of particles or waves.

Question 26

What are alpha particles?

Answer 26

Alpha radiation is a reflection of instability.

Question 27

What are beta particles?

Answer 27

Beta particles are more energetic than alpha particles and therefore pose a greater health hazard

Question 28

What is gamma radiation?

Answer 28

Gamma radiation is the most energetic radiation responders may encounter.

Question 29

What is secondary contamination?

Answer 29

Secondary contamination, also known as cross contamination, occurs when a person or object transfers the contaminant or the source of contamination to another person or object by direct contact

Question 30

What is lethal does LD?

Answer 30

Lethal dose of a material is a single dose that causes death of a specified number of the group of test animals exposed by any route other than inhalation.

Question 31

What is lethal concentration?

Answer 31

Lethal concentration is defined as the concentration of a material in air that, based on laboratory tests, is expected to kill a specified number of the group of test animals when administered over a specified period of time

Question 32

What is the yellow section in the ERG?

Answer 32

The yellow section is chemicals listed by UN number

Question 33

What is the blue section in the ERG?

Answer 33

Chemicals listed alphabetically

Question 34

What is the green section in the ERG?

Answer 34

The green section is table 1,2 and 3