Chapter 31 Key notes Flashcards
What are the three main types of stresses that can cause a container to fail?
Thermal, chemical, mechanical
What does thermal failure mean?
Thermal: heat created from fire or cold generated by environmental factors or substances such as cryogenics.
What does chemical failure mean?
The interaction of incompatible chemicals and/or the physical and chemical properties of a substance and how those substances interact inside or outside a container may lead to overpressure, disintegration, or other kinds of failures of any type of container
What does mechanical failure mean?
Failing debris, shrapnel, firearms, explosives, forklift puncture, and the like are all examples of how mechanical means can cause container failure
What is physical change?
When a material changes state from a gas, solid, or liquid it is known as physical change
What is the expansion ratio?
The expansion ratio is a description of the volume increase that occurs when a compressed liquified gas changes to a gas
What is chemical reactivity?
Chemical reactivity(also know as chemical change) describes the ability of a substance to undergo a transformation at the molecular level, usually with a release of some form of energy
What is flash point?
Flash point is an expression of the minimum temperature at which a liquid or solid gives off sufficient vapours such that, when an ignition source is present, the vapours will result in a flash fire.
What is the flash point of diesel fuel?
The flash point of diesel fuel is 49C to 60C (120F to 140F)
What is fire point?
Fire point is the temperature at which sustained combustion of the vapour will occur.
What is ignition temperature?
Ignition temperature is the minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in the presence of air and continue to burn. It does not require at external ignition source
What is flammable range(explosive limit)?
Flammable range (explosive limit) is an expression of a fuel/air mixture, defined by upper and lower limits that reflect an amount of flammable vapour mixed with a given volume of air
What is the flammable range for gasoline vapours?
Gasolines vapours flammable range is 1.4 percent(low limit) to 7.6 percent(low limit)
When is a vapour pressure taken?
Normally a vapour pressure is taken at an ambient temperature of 20C (68F)
What is boiling point?
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid will continually give off vapours in sustained amounts and, if held at that temperature long enough, will turn completely into gas
What is the boiling point of water?
The boiling point of water is 100C 212F
What is vapour density?
Vapour density is the weight of an airborne concentration of a vapour or gas as compared to an equal volume of dry air
What is 4H MEDIC ANNA?
H:hydrogen
H:helium
H:hydrogen cyanide
H:hydrogen fluoride
M:methane
E:ethylene
D:diborane
I:illuminating gas (methane/ethane mixture)
C:carbon monoxide
A:ammonia
N:neon
N:nitrogen
A:acetylene
What is 4H MEDIC ANNA used for?
To remember lighter than air gases
What is the specific gravity of water?
The specific gravity of water is 1.0, materials will sink in water if their specific gravity is greater than 1.0
What’s is Corrosivity?
Corrosivity is the ability of a material to cause damage (on contact) to skin, eyes, or other parts of the body
What is the ph level of an acid?
Acids have a ph value less than 7
What’s is the ph value of a base?
A base has a ph value greater than 7
What is the ph value of a neutral?
A neutral has a ph of 7
What is radioactivity?
Radioactivity is the natural and spontaneous process by which unstable atoms (isotopes) of an element decay to a different state and emit or radiate excess energy in the form of particles or waves.
What are alpha particles?
Alpha radiation is a reflection of instability.
What are beta particles?
Beta particles are more energetic than alpha particles and therefore pose a greater health hazard
What is gamma radiation?
Gamma radiation is the most energetic radiation responders may encounter.
What is secondary contamination?
Secondary contamination, also known as cross contamination, occurs when a person or object transfers the contaminant or the source of contamination to another person or object by direct contact
What is lethal does LD?
Lethal dose of a material is a single dose that causes death of a specified number of the group of test animals exposed by any route other than inhalation.
What is lethal concentration?
Lethal concentration is defined as the concentration of a material in air that, based on laboratory tests, is expected to kill a specified number of the group of test animals when administered over a specified period of time
What is the yellow section in the ERG?
The yellow section is chemicals listed by UN number
What is the blue section in the ERG?
Chemicals listed alphabetically
What is the green section in the ERG?
The green section is table 1,2 and 3
