Test 1 - Prokaryotes

Question 1

What came first? Eukaryotes or prokaryotes? What is unique about prokaryotes?

Answer 1

1. Prokaryotes, the most abundant and diverse organisms on earth.
2. They don’t have a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles

Question 2

DNA of prokaryotes and replication

Answer 2

Singular circular chromosome

Binary fission

Question 3

DNA of Eukaryotes and replication

Answer 3

Linear chromosomes in nucleus

Mitosis followed by cytokinesis

Question 4

What is contained in the cell walls of Domain Archaea?

Answer 4

Pseudomurein

Question 5

What is in the cell walls of Domain bacteria?

Answer 5

Peptidoglycan

Pepti - do - glycan

Question 6

Can live in extreme environments

Answer 6

Domain Archaea

Question 7

Without oxygen

Answer 7

Anaerobic

Question 8

High temperature

Answer 8

Thermophiles

Question 9

High salt

Answer 9

Halophiles

Question 10

Characteristics of Domain Bacteria

Answer 10

Single celled
Cyanobacteria
Filaments

Question 11

How energy and organic molecules are obtained

Answer 11

Metabolism

Question 12

Can produce its own food using light, water and carbon dioxide

Answer 12

Autotroph

Question 13

Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules

Answer 13

Chemoautotrophs
CHEMO + autotroph

Question 14

Conducts photosynthesis using sunlight for energy

Answer 14

Photoautotrophs

Question 15

Photosynthetic bacteria often responsible for “blooms” in water

Answer 15

Cyanobacteria

Question 16

Uses ammonia or nitrate to obtain energy. What are they responsible for?

Answer 16

Nitrifiers
Nitrogen fixation, making nitrogen available for plant growth.

Question 17

What bacteria uses ______ instead of oxygen, making them ________, and can be found in _________.

Answer 17

Answer: Sulfur bacteria

1. Sulfur
2. Anaerobic
3. Deep sea thermal vents

Question 18

Gets energy from organic molecules made by other organisms

Answer 18

Heterotrophs; decomposers

Question 19

Polymer of sugars and amino acids. All bacteria have this in their cell walls

Answer 19

Peptidoglycan

Question 20

Purple stain
Substance and indicator:

Answer 20

Crystal violet + iodine
Gram positive

Question 21

Pink stain
Substance and indicator:

Answer 21

Safranin
Gram negative

Question 22

Gram positive and negative Peptidoglycan layer

Answer 22

Positive = thick
Negative = thin

Question 23

3 main prokaryotic cell shapes

Answer 23

Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum

Question 24

Coccus

Answer 24

Round

Question 25

Bacillus

Answer 25

Rod

Question 26

Spirillum

Answer 26

Spiral

Question 27

A close interaction of 2 or more species

Answer 27

Symbiosis

Question 28

3 types of symbiosis

Answer 28

Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism

Question 29

Mutualism

Answer 29

Benefits both species

Question 30

Parasitism

Answer 30

Benefits one but harms the other

Question 31

Commensalism

Answer 31

Benefits one but little effect on the other

Question 32

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 32

Active against a wide range of bacteria

Question 33

Selective toxicity

Answer 33

Antibiotics effective against a limited range of species

Question 34

What organisms replicate by binary fission?

Answer 34

Archaea
Bacteria

Question 35

What describes prokaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 35

Circular and single celled