Test 1 - Prokaryotes Flashcards
What came first? Eukaryotes or prokaryotes? What is unique about prokaryotes?
- Prokaryotes, the most abundant and diverse organisms on earth.
- They don’t have a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles
DNA of prokaryotes and replication
Singular circular chromosome
Binary fission
DNA of Eukaryotes and replication
Linear chromosomes in nucleus
Mitosis followed by cytokinesis
What is contained in the cell walls of Domain Archaea?
Pseudomurein
What is in the cell walls of Domain bacteria?
Peptidoglycan
Pepti - do - glycan
Can live in extreme environments
Domain Archaea
Without oxygen
Anaerobic
High temperature
Thermophiles
High salt
Halophiles
Characteristics of Domain Bacteria
Single celled
Cyanobacteria
Filaments
How energy and organic molecules are obtained
Metabolism
Can produce its own food using light, water and carbon dioxide
Autotroph
Obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules
Chemoautotrophs
CHEMO + autotroph
Conducts photosynthesis using sunlight for energy
Photoautotrophs
Photosynthetic bacteria often responsible for “blooms” in water
Cyanobacteria
Uses ammonia or nitrate to obtain energy. What are they responsible for?
Nitrifiers
Nitrogen fixation, making nitrogen available for plant growth.
What bacteria uses ______ instead of oxygen, making them ________, and can be found in _________.
Answer: Sulfur bacteria
- Sulfur
- Anaerobic
- Deep sea thermal vents
Gets energy from organic molecules made by other organisms
Heterotrophs; decomposers
Polymer of sugars and amino acids. All bacteria have this in their cell walls
Peptidoglycan
Purple stain
Substance and indicator:
Crystal violet + iodine
Gram positive
Pink stain
Substance and indicator:
Safranin
Gram negative
Gram positive and negative Peptidoglycan layer
Positive = thick
Negative = thin
3 main prokaryotic cell shapes
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Coccus
Round
