Test 1: Plato and Aristotle

Question 1

what really is the theory of forms

Answer 1

ideas

Question 2

what does the theory of forms consist of

Answer 2

intellect and senses

Question 3

intellect parts

Answer 3

abstract general concepts, forms or ideas, circularity

Question 4

what is circularity

Answer 4

perfect, unchangeable
;
immortal, true reality

Question 5

senses parts

Answer 5

deals with specific things, particular things, particular circles

Question 6

what are particular circles

Answer 6

imperfect, changeable, deficient reality

Question 7

what does the story with laches talk about

Answer 7

courage and what courage is

Question 8

problems with wise endurance as courage

Answer 8

many different things that you can be wise in; if someone spends their money wise that doesn’t make them courageous… if a doctor doesn’t want to give a patient food or a certain drug because it will hurt the patient then that doesn’t make him courageous he is just doing his job

Question 9

what is foolish endurance within courageous

Answer 9

when you don’t really know what you are getting yourself into whether it be dangerous or not; if you don’t know what you are doing then it isn’t really courageous

Question 10

what are forms perceived by

Answer 10

intellect (mind), perfect, changeless, the true reality

sometimes the complete opposite of senses, imperfect, changeable

Question 11

what we can experience in forms

Answer 11

Good, truth , beauty;

they can all exist within each other

Question 12

cosmology

Answer 12

the study of the universe

Question 13

cosmetology

Answer 13

the study of beauty?

Question 14

can you find circularity in the real world

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what do you find in the real world

Answer 15

things

Question 16

what are things

Answer 16

various round objects, that are close to being perfectly circular but not quite

Question 17

what is beauty

Answer 17

another form; two things can be different but can still both be beautiful and then fall under the category

Question 18

how long do forms last

Answer 18

they are ageless; eternal

Question 19

how many parts to forms have

Answer 19

no parts; indivisble

Question 20

what do forms do with eachother

Answer 20

depend on each other; something could not be big beautiful, large, and round if they all didnt existed together and at the same time

Question 21

platonic dualism

Answer 21

two major spheres of reality; intellectual and sensible

Question 22

what is a copy image

Answer 22

actual human is ore perfect, the image is deficient; can’t exist without the actual thing

Question 23

actual human

Answer 23

humanity form; is more perfect; the actual cannot exist without the form

Question 24

dependency

Answer 24

the copy image depends on the actual human; the actual human depends on the form

Question 25

beauty

Answer 25

beauty of something

Question 26

essence

Answer 26

core

Question 27

postulate

Answer 27

prediction/hypothesis

Question 28

what was the sun analogous to

Answer 28

the goodness and illumination of things; when it is not there then things seem dimmer

Question 29

what is the sun the offspring of

Answer 29

good; it is a supreme form; mind needs the sun, or the good, to get the knowledge and everything that it needs

Question 30

what is the allegory of the cave about

Answer 30

conversion of the soul

Question 31

knowledge

Answer 31

objective; gives an explanation

Question 32

opinion

Answer 32

belief, subjective; can be biased or prejudice

Question 33

skepticism

Answer 33

skeptics

Question 34

sophists

Answer 34

a teacher of philosophy; a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments

Question 35

what is phaedo about

Answer 35

immortality of the soul

Question 36

learning

Answer 36

recollection

Question 37

what is the theme of phaedo

Answer 37

when did the soul exist and when does it stop existing

Question 38

how do we learn about forms within phaedo

Answer 38

by being reminded of them; which means we had prior knowledge which means that the soul had to exist prior to birth

Question 39

what couldnt our souls have done

Answer 39

could not have gotten such knowledge when in a bodily state

Question 40

what does our soul do with all the knowledge

Answer 40

forget all of the knowledge at bright but then we are reminded of it throughout our lives in certain situations

Question 41

what do our souls do at death

Answer 41

survive death and enter immortal realm of forms ; eventually it is born again

Question 42

who is aristotle

Answer 42

one of the learners of Plato

Question 43

what happened between aristotle and plato

Answer 43

they grew apart because they began to feel differently about certain things and went their own way

Question 44

what was aristotles basic philosophy

Answer 44

non dualistic; opposite of plato

Question 45

plato believed

Answer 45

math and physics; no physical things; forms and sensible things

Question 46

aristotle believed

Answer 46

more biological, living organisms and ow they develop

Question 47

theory of 4 causes

Answer 47

explains how things are produced through them

Question 48

what are the 4 causes

Answer 48

efficient cause, material cause, formal cause, final cause

Question 49

differences with aristotle and plato

Answer 49

both agree that forms are non-sensible, but they are not separate from sensible things; so if fa unicorn exists there has to be actual unicorns that exist

Question 50

what are the forms of man made things

Answer 50

the shapes of the things

Question 51

development/growth

Answer 51

activity

Question 52

potentiality

Answer 52

change, striving

Question 53

what is change

Answer 53

a movement from being in potential to actualization of that potential, to being actualized

Question 54

metaphysics

Answer 54

talks about the theories of the universe; how the human beings fit into the whole thing going on; we as human beings strive to fulfill our potentialities

Question 55

what do all things try to do

Answer 55

strive to actualize their potential

Question 56

what is the goal of all people who are striving

Answer 56

to reach the "Good, the unmoved mover" who does not change because it lacks nothing, but makes everything else change by being the goal

Question 57

what are the three souls

Answer 57

plant soul, animal soul, rational souls

Question 58

plant soul

Answer 58

growth, nutrition, reproduction

Question 59

animal soul

Answer 59

senses

Question 60

rational soul

Answer 60

humans--reason

Question 61

what is the example of the cat

Answer 61

cat=cat | cat does not equal a chicken, ca does not equal a dog, etc.

Question 62

participation

Answer 62

form humanity; participate within each other

Question 63

sharing in

Answer 63

things

Question 64

dualism

Answer 64

form and its individual things; like men, and then an individual man

Question 65

third man argument

Answer 65

argument against plato's dualism; argues that if you have a form and an individual thing under it then you are going to need a third thing to go over the other two. Then if you have a third one you are going to need a 4th one to go over all of those. That continues on

Question 66

so what does Aristotle say about the third man argument

Answer 66

he agrees with what Plato is saying, but because it is just going to be going on forever then their must be a problem with the forms