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Philosophy > Test 1: Plato and Aristotle > Flashcards

Test 1: Plato and Aristotle Flashcards

1
Q

what really is the theory of forms

A

ideas

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2
Q

what does the theory of forms consist of

A

intellect and senses

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3
Q

intellect parts

A

abstract general concepts, forms or ideas, circularity

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4
Q

what is circularity

A

perfect, unchangeable
;
immortal, true reality

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5
Q

senses parts

A

deals with specific things, particular things, particular circles

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6
Q

what are particular circles

A

imperfect, changeable, deficient reality

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7
Q

what does the story with laches talk about

A

courage and what courage is

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8
Q

problems with wise endurance as courage

A

many different things that you can be wise in; if someone spends their money wise that doesn’t make them courageous… if a doctor doesn’t want to give a patient food or a certain drug because it will hurt the patient then that doesn’t make him courageous he is just doing his job

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9
Q

what is foolish endurance within courageous

A

when you don’t really know what you are getting yourself into whether it be dangerous or not; if you don’t know what you are doing then it isn’t really courageous

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10
Q

what are forms perceived by

A

intellect (mind), perfect, changeless, the true reality

sometimes the complete opposite of senses, imperfect, changeable

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11
Q

what we can experience in forms

A

Good, truth , beauty;

they can all exist within each other

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12
Q

cosmology

A

the study of the universe

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13
Q

cosmetology

A

the study of beauty?

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14
Q

can you find circularity in the real world

A

no

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15
Q

what do you find in the real world

A

things

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16
Q

what are things

A

various round objects, that are close to being perfectly circular but not quite

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17
Q

what is beauty

A

another form; two things can be different but can still both be beautiful and then fall under the category

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18
Q

how long do forms last

A

they are ageless; eternal

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19
Q

how many parts to forms have

A

no parts; indivisble

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20
Q

what do forms do with eachother

A

depend on each other; something could not be big beautiful, large, and round if they all didnt existed together and at the same time

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21
Q

platonic dualism

A

two major spheres of reality; intellectual and sensible

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22
Q

what is a copy image

A

actual human is ore perfect, the image is deficient; can’t exist without the actual thing

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23
Q

actual human

A

humanity form; is more perfect; the actual cannot exist without the form

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24
Q

dependency

A

the copy image depends on the actual human; the actual human depends on the form

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25
Q

beauty

A

beauty of something

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26
Q

essence

A

core

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27
Q

postulate

A

prediction/hypothesis

28
Q

what was the sun analogous to

A

the goodness and illumination of things; when it is not there then things seem dimmer

29
Q

what is the sun the offspring of

A

good; it is a supreme form; mind needs the sun, or the good, to get the knowledge and everything that it needs

30
Q

what is the allegory of the cave about

A

conversion of the soul

31
Q

knowledge

A

objective; gives an explanation

32
Q

opinion

A

belief, subjective; can be biased or prejudice

33
Q

skepticism

A

skeptics

34
Q

sophists

A

a teacher of philosophy; a person who reasons with clever but fallacious arguments

35
Q

what is phaedo about

A

immortality of the soul

36
Q

learning

A

recollection

37
Q

what is the theme of phaedo

A

when did the soul exist and when does it stop existing

38
Q

how do we learn about forms within phaedo

A

by being reminded of them; which means we had prior knowledge which means that the soul had to exist prior to birth

39
Q

what couldnt our souls have done

A

could not have gotten such knowledge when in a bodily state

40
Q

what does our soul do with all the knowledge

A

forget all of the knowledge at bright but then we are reminded of it throughout our lives in certain situations

41
Q

what do our souls do at death

A

survive death and enter immortal realm of forms ; eventually it is born again

42
Q

who is aristotle

A

one of the learners of Plato

43
Q

what happened between aristotle and plato

A

they grew apart because they began to feel differently about certain things and went their own way

44
Q

what was aristotles basic philosophy

A

non dualistic; opposite of plato

45
Q

plato believed

A

math and physics; no physical things; forms and sensible things

46
Q

aristotle believed

A

more biological, living organisms and ow they develop

47
Q

theory of 4 causes

A

explains how things are produced through them

48
Q

what are the 4 causes

A

efficient cause, material cause, formal cause, final cause

49
Q

differences with aristotle and plato

A

both agree that forms are non-sensible, but they are not separate from sensible things; so if fa unicorn exists there has to be actual unicorns that exist

50
Q

what are the forms of man made things

A

the shapes of the things

51
Q

development/growth

A

activity

52
Q

potentiality

A

change, striving

53
Q

what is change

A

a movement from being in potential to actualization of that potential, to being actualized

54
Q

metaphysics

A

talks about the theories of the universe; how the human beings fit into the whole thing going on; we as human beings strive to fulfill our potentialities

55
Q

what do all things try to do

A

strive to actualize their potential

56
Q

what is the goal of all people who are striving

A

to reach the “Good, the unmoved mover” who does not change because it lacks nothing, but makes everything else change by being the goal

57
Q

what are the three souls

A

plant soul, animal soul, rational souls

58
Q

plant soul

A

growth, nutrition, reproduction

59
Q

animal soul

A

senses

60
Q

rational soul

A

humans–reason

61
Q

what is the example of the cat

A

cat=cat

cat does not equal a chicken, ca does not equal a dog, etc.

62
Q

participation

A

form humanity; participate within each other

63
Q

sharing in

A

things

64
Q

dualism

A

form and its individual things; like men, and then an individual man

65
Q

third man argument

A

argument against plato’s dualism; argues that if you have a form and an individual thing under it then you are going to need a third thing to go over the other two. Then if you have a third one you are going to need a 4th one to go over all of those. That continues on

66
Q

so what does Aristotle say about the third man argument

A

he agrees with what Plato is saying, but because it is just going to be going on forever then their must be a problem with the forms

Philosophy (4 decks)

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