Test 1 Notes: Janet

Question 1

Analgesia

Answer 1

Absence of the awareness of pain, relief of pain without loss of consciousness

Question 2

Pre-emptive analgesia

Answer 2

Prevention of pain before it starts

Question 3

Anesthesia

Answer 3

Loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body

Question 4

General Anesthesia

Answer 4

CNS Depression (loss of consciousness)
Analgesia
Amnesia (absence of memory)
Muscle relaxation

Question 5

Local anesthesia

Answer 5

Temporary loss of sensation of local area
No sedation
Sometimes used with GA to enhance pain control
“caine”

Question 6

Regional Anesthesia

Answer 6

Local anesthetic injected into major nerve plexus or close to spinal cord
Blocks nerve impulses to and from a large area

Question 7

Dissociative Anesthesia

Answer 7

Disruption of nerve conduction pathways
CNS stimulant
Scrambles pathways so they never make it to the brain
Ex: Ketamine

Question 8

Catalepsy

Answer 8

Malleable rigidity of muscles

Question 9

Balanced anesthesia

Answer 9

Several agents used in combo

Mixture of small amounts several anesthetic agents to increase advantage, and decrease GA and side effects

Question 10

Sedation/Tranquilization

Answer 10

Decreases stress and anxiety
Calms patient
Tranquilizers have NO analgesia

Question 11

Neuroleptanalgesia

Answer 11

Combo of a sedative/tranquilizer & opioid
Causes profound sedation and analgesia
“conscious sedation”
Ex: Ace & Buprenorphine

Question 12

Agonist

Answer 12

Drug that produces its effect by interacting with a specific receptor

Question 13

Antagonist

Answer 13

Drug that occupies a specific receptor but produces minimal or no effect
Reversal Agent
Kicks off agonist

Question 14

Anesthesia Machine uses

Answer 14

Deliver metabolic Oxygen
Vaporize anesthetic liquids to a vapor state
Control amount of anesthesia delivered to pt
Remove exhaled CO2
Remove exhaled toxic gas
Assist in ventilation

Question 15

H Tank

Answer 15

Holds 2,000-2,200psi
Holds approx. 7000Liters
bigger than E tank

Question 16

E Tank

Answer 16

Holds 2,000-2,200psi

Holds 600-660Liters

Question 17

Universal color of Oxygen tank

Answer 17

Green

Question 18

How to store oxygen

Answer 18

Strapped to wall
On machine
or on a rack

Question 19

2 Functions of Oxygen

Answer 19

Metabolic needs

Carrier for the anesthetic gas

Question 20

Oxygen Tank Pressure Gauge

Answer 20

Full tank= 2,000=-2,200psi
Always close after use!
Located near the oxygen tank

Question 21

Pressure Regulator

Answer 21

Silver bullet below O2 pressure gauge

Reduces the pressure from cylinder to 50psi

Question 22

O2 Flow Meter

Answer 22

Delivers calculated oxygen to the patient
Ball or Column
Sets flow rate
Turn on quickly!

Question 23

Rebreathing system

Answer 23

for patients >7kg
aka “Circle system”
30ml O2/kg/min

NEVER LESS THAN 500ml/min

Question 24

Non-Rebreathing system

Answer 24

for patients <7kg
aka NRB or Open system
200ml O2/kg/min

NEER LESS THAN 500ml/min

Question 25

Universal Iso color

Answer 25

Purple

Question 26

Universal Sevo color

Answer 26

Yellow

Question 27

Precision vaporizer

Answer 27

Turns liquid anesthetic into a gas
Allows a controlled/precise amount of anesthesia given to pt.
When O2 is saturated it is called “fresh gas”

Question 28

Res Bag

Answer 28

Inflatable rubber bag
Stores gases entering into the system
Allows observation of restorations
PosPressureVent. to blow off CO2 and prevent atelectesis

Question 29

Unidirectional flutter valves

Answer 29

allows for a one way flow of gas to patient and allows gases to re-enter the machine

Question 30

Scavenge

Answer 30

Removes exhaled toxic gases from patient and machine

OSHA requirement

Question 31

Active Scavenge

Answer 31

Uses suction to draw gas into scavenger

On a wall mount and vents to outside

Question 32

Passive Scavenge

Answer 32

F-Air
Uses pos. pressure of the gas machine to push gas into the scavenge
12 hours use or +50grams = expired!
Contains charcoal

Question 33

Pressure relief valve

Answer 33

(Pop-off valve)
Vents excess gas to scavenge
Prevents pressure build up in system
OPEN OPEN OPEN!!!

Question 34

When is the pop-off valve ever closed?

Answer 34

Ventilating patient
Checking for leaks
Closed system (rare)

Question 35

CO2 Absorber

Answer 35

Only used with rebreathing system

Exhaled gases are filtered through the CO2 canister to eliminate CO2 before returning the gas back to the patient

Question 36

Type of granules used in CO2 Absorbing canister

Answer 36

Soda Lime

Barium Hydroxide Lime

Question 37

Exhausted granules will

Answer 37

Change in color (blue)
Become hard and brittle
about 6-8 hours of use

Question 38

Pressure Manometer

Answer 38

Measures the pressure of gases within patient breathing system
measured in cmH2O
Used when ventilating patient
Should never exceed 15-20 cmH2O

Question 39

Negative Pressure Relief Valve

Answer 39

allows room air to enter circuit if oxygen is discontinued

Question 40

Oxygen flush valve

Answer 40

Bypasses flow meter and vaporizer
Delivers 100% O2 to res. bag
Shouldn’t use during Sx unless needed–will wake up patient!

Question 41

4 Steps to hooking up RB system

Answer 41

1. Y tubing to inhalation/exhalation port
2. Res bag to res bag port
3. Scavenge tubing
4. Pop-off valve OPEN

Question 42

3 Steps to hooking up NRB system

Answer 42

1. Fresh gas hose to outlet port of precision vaporizer
2. Scavenge tubing
3. Pop-off valve OPEN

Question 43

2 Reasons NRB systems are used for patients <7kg

Answer 43

Less resistance for respirations = less effort to breathe

Not enough tidal volume for circle system

Question 44

Why is the NRB system flow rate higher?

Answer 44

To prevent rebreathing exhaled gases