Test 1 Notes: Janet Flashcards
Analgesia
Absence of the awareness of pain, relief of pain without loss of consciousness
Pre-emptive analgesia
Prevention of pain before it starts
Anesthesia
Loss of sensation in a body part or the whole body
General Anesthesia
CNS Depression (loss of consciousness)
Analgesia
Amnesia (absence of memory)
Muscle relaxation
Local anesthesia
Temporary loss of sensation of local area
No sedation
Sometimes used with GA to enhance pain control
“caine”
Regional Anesthesia
Local anesthetic injected into major nerve plexus or close to spinal cord
Blocks nerve impulses to and from a large area
Dissociative Anesthesia
Disruption of nerve conduction pathways
CNS stimulant
Scrambles pathways so they never make it to the brain
Ex: Ketamine
Catalepsy
Malleable rigidity of muscles
Balanced anesthesia
Several agents used in combo
Mixture of small amounts several anesthetic agents to increase advantage, and decrease GA and side effects
Sedation/Tranquilization
Decreases stress and anxiety
Calms patient
Tranquilizers have NO analgesia
Neuroleptanalgesia
Combo of a sedative/tranquilizer & opioid
Causes profound sedation and analgesia
“conscious sedation”
Ex: Ace & Buprenorphine
Agonist
Drug that produces its effect by interacting with a specific receptor
Antagonist
Drug that occupies a specific receptor but produces minimal or no effect
Reversal Agent
Kicks off agonist
Anesthesia Machine uses
Deliver metabolic Oxygen
Vaporize anesthetic liquids to a vapor state
Control amount of anesthesia delivered to pt
Remove exhaled CO2
Remove exhaled toxic gas
Assist in ventilation
H Tank
Holds 2,000-2,200psi
Holds approx. 7000Liters
bigger than E tank
E Tank
Holds 2,000-2,200psi
Holds 600-660Liters
Universal color of Oxygen tank
Green
How to store oxygen
Strapped to wall
On machine
or on a rack
2 Functions of Oxygen
Metabolic needs
Carrier for the anesthetic gas
Oxygen Tank Pressure Gauge
Full tank= 2,000=-2,200psi
Always close after use!
Located near the oxygen tank
Pressure Regulator
Silver bullet below O2 pressure gauge
Reduces the pressure from cylinder to 50psi
O2 Flow Meter
Delivers calculated oxygen to the patient
Ball or Column
Sets flow rate
Turn on quickly!
Rebreathing system
for patients >7kg
aka “Circle system”
30ml O2/kg/min
NEVER LESS THAN 500ml/min
Non-Rebreathing system
for patients <7kg
aka NRB or Open system
200ml O2/kg/min
NEER LESS THAN 500ml/min
Universal Iso color
Purple
Universal Sevo color
Yellow
Precision vaporizer
Turns liquid anesthetic into a gas
Allows a controlled/precise amount of anesthesia given to pt.
When O2 is saturated it is called “fresh gas”
Res Bag
Inflatable rubber bag
Stores gases entering into the system
Allows observation of restorations
PosPressureVent. to blow off CO2 and prevent atelectesis
Unidirectional flutter valves
allows for a one way flow of gas to patient and allows gases to re-enter the machine
Scavenge
Removes exhaled toxic gases from patient and machine
OSHA requirement
Active Scavenge
Uses suction to draw gas into scavenger
On a wall mount and vents to outside
Passive Scavenge
F-Air
Uses pos. pressure of the gas machine to push gas into the scavenge
12 hours use or +50grams = expired!
Contains charcoal
Pressure relief valve
(Pop-off valve)
Vents excess gas to scavenge
Prevents pressure build up in system
OPEN OPEN OPEN!!!
When is the pop-off valve ever closed?
Ventilating patient
Checking for leaks
Closed system (rare)
CO2 Absorber
Only used with rebreathing system
Exhaled gases are filtered through the CO2 canister to eliminate CO2 before returning the gas back to the patient
Type of granules used in CO2 Absorbing canister
Soda Lime
Barium Hydroxide Lime
Exhausted granules will
Change in color (blue)
Become hard and brittle
about 6-8 hours of use
Pressure Manometer
Measures the pressure of gases within patient breathing system
measured in cmH2O
Used when ventilating patient
Should never exceed 15-20 cmH2O
Negative Pressure Relief Valve
allows room air to enter circuit if oxygen is discontinued
Oxygen flush valve
Bypasses flow meter and vaporizer
Delivers 100% O2 to res. bag
Shouldn’t use during Sx unless needed–will wake up patient!
4 Steps to hooking up RB system
- Y tubing to inhalation/exhalation port
- Res bag to res bag port
- Scavenge tubing
- Pop-off valve OPEN
3 Steps to hooking up NRB system
- Fresh gas hose to outlet port of precision vaporizer
- Scavenge tubing
- Pop-off valve OPEN
2 Reasons NRB systems are used for patients <7kg
Less resistance for respirations = less effort to breathe
Not enough tidal volume for circle system
Why is the NRB system flow rate higher?
To prevent rebreathing exhaled gases
