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Anesthesia -Scott Newman & Janet King > Equine Anesthesia: Janet > Flashcards

Equine Anesthesia: Janet Flashcards

1
Q

Equine TPR

A

99-101
30-40bpm
10-20rpm

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2
Q

What abnormal heart rhythm is common is horses & what is the treatment?

A

2nd degree heart block

Atropine

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3
Q

What drug can improve gut motility in horses?

A

Lidocaine CRI

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4
Q

Horses MM are normally

A

Pale pink

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5
Q

Sedation and standing chemical restraint benefits

A

Horse remains standing (5 point stance)
Less risk of injury
Less time consuming

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6
Q

Which type of anesthesia is used for diagnostic and minor surgical procedures?

A

Sedation & standing chemical restraint

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7
Q

Which drug for standing chemical restraint is not recommended?

A

Acepromazine (phenothiazine tranquilizer)

  • Vasodilation
  • Penile prolapse
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8
Q

Two Alpha-2s that are used for standing chemical restraint?

A

Xylazine & Detomidine

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9
Q

What makes Detomidine the better choice for chemical restraint?

A

Longer duration
More potent
Less ataxia

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10
Q

How long should food be withheld before PA?

A

8-12 hours

  • reduces gas production & weight in intestines
  • less impairment of diaphragm/ventilation
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11
Q

What should done during the PA phase?

A 
Withhold food
Place IVC catheter 
Give fluids 
Groom 
Rinse mouth
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12
Q

What size IVC catheter is placed?

A

14ga 5”

Left jugular vein

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13
Q

What is the surgical fluid rate in horses?

A

10mls/kg/hr

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14
Q

What is different about giving fluids in horses?

A

No drip rate needed, fluids are wide open and a pressure infusion bag is used.

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15
Q

What is done during the grooming phase and why?

A

Brush- to keep dirt & mud out of surgical suite
Pick hooves & remove shoes- prevents injury
Rise mouth- removes hay so it wont be pushed into trachea

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16
Q

What is the most common PA drug used for horses?

A

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers

-calms, decreases anxiety, muscle relaxation, anti-seizure properties

17
Q

Benzodiazepine tranquilizers are commonly used with ____ for induction.

A

Ketamine

18
Q

Anticholinergics are not commonly used in horses due to ____, but can be used during surgery to treat ____.

A

Decreased GI motility

2nd degree heart block or bradycardia

19
Q

What are benzodiazepines reversed with?

A

Flumazinil

20
Q

2 PA Sedatives (Alpha-2 agonists)

More ____, longer ____, less likely to cause ____.

A

Xylazine & Detomidine
Potent
Duration
Ataxia

21
Q

What are 3 effects of Alpha-2 agonists?

A

Sedation
Analgesia
Muscle Relaxation

22
Q

What are 3 side effects of Alpha-2’s

A

Bradycardia
Decreased CO
AV blocks

23
Q

Most common opioid used in large animal & duration

A

Burtorphanol (torbugesic)

3-4hours

24
Q

What is the most common recipe of equine IV anesthesia?

Why?

A 
GKX or "Triple Drip"
Guaifenesin
Ketamine
Xylazine 
This combo provides sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and unconsciousness
25
Q

The equine anesthesia machine is different in that everything is ____ and a ____ is usually used instead of the res. bag

A

Bigger

Mechanical ventilator

26
Q

What is the average ET tube size in large animal anesthesia?

A

26mm
14mm for foals
30mm for draft horses

27
Q

Horses are intubated in ____ recumbency and it is a ____ intubation.

A

Lateral

Blind

28
Q

What is the most common arrhythmia seen in LA anesthesia?

A

2nd degree heart block –treat with atropine if bradycardic

29
Q

____ is VERY important during LA anesthesia so a ____ is used to monitor

A

Blood pressure

Direct arterial catheter

30
Q

What arteries are used for the direct arterial catheter?

A

Transverse
Submandibular
Metatarsal
(choice depends on recumbency)

31
Q

MAP & Systolic BP readings in LA anesthesia

A 
MAP= >70mmHg
Systolic= >90mmHg
32
Q

Equine recovery steps

A

Quiet, well padded room
Free or assisted recovery– use ropes
Leave ET tube in as long as possible

33
Q

____ is very common in horses during recovery due to ____. Intervention?

A

Hypoxia
airway obstruction
Hook up to oxygen

Anesthesia -Scott Newman & Janet King (13 decks)

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