Equine Anesthesia: Janet Flashcards
Equine TPR
99-101
30-40bpm
10-20rpm
What abnormal heart rhythm is common is horses & what is the treatment?
2nd degree heart block
Atropine
What drug can improve gut motility in horses?
Lidocaine CRI
Horses MM are normally
Pale pink
Sedation and standing chemical restraint benefits
Horse remains standing (5 point stance)
Less risk of injury
Less time consuming
Which type of anesthesia is used for diagnostic and minor surgical procedures?
Sedation & standing chemical restraint
Which drug for standing chemical restraint is not recommended?
Acepromazine (phenothiazine tranquilizer)
- Vasodilation
- Penile prolapse
Two Alpha-2s that are used for standing chemical restraint?
Xylazine & Detomidine
What makes Detomidine the better choice for chemical restraint?
Longer duration
More potent
Less ataxia
How long should food be withheld before PA?
8-12 hours
- reduces gas production & weight in intestines
- less impairment of diaphragm/ventilation
What should done during the PA phase?
Withhold food Place IVC catheter Give fluids Groom Rinse mouth
What size IVC catheter is placed?
14ga 5”
Left jugular vein
What is the surgical fluid rate in horses?
10mls/kg/hr
What is different about giving fluids in horses?
No drip rate needed, fluids are wide open and a pressure infusion bag is used.
What is done during the grooming phase and why?
Brush- to keep dirt & mud out of surgical suite
Pick hooves & remove shoes- prevents injury
Rise mouth- removes hay so it wont be pushed into trachea
What is the most common PA drug used for horses?
Benzodiazepine tranquilizers
-calms, decreases anxiety, muscle relaxation, anti-seizure properties
Benzodiazepine tranquilizers are commonly used with ____ for induction.
Ketamine
Anticholinergics are not commonly used in horses due to ____, but can be used during surgery to treat ____.
Decreased GI motility
2nd degree heart block or bradycardia
What are benzodiazepines reversed with?
Flumazinil
2 PA Sedatives (Alpha-2 agonists)
More ____, longer ____, less likely to cause ____.
Xylazine & Detomidine
Potent
Duration
Ataxia
What are 3 effects of Alpha-2 agonists?
Sedation
Analgesia
Muscle Relaxation
What are 3 side effects of Alpha-2’s
Bradycardia
Decreased CO
AV blocks
Most common opioid used in large animal & duration
Burtorphanol (torbugesic)
3-4hours
What is the most common recipe of equine IV anesthesia?
Why?
GKX or "Triple Drip" Guaifenesin Ketamine Xylazine This combo provides sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and unconsciousness
The equine anesthesia machine is different in that everything is ____ and a ____ is usually used instead of the res. bag
Bigger
Mechanical ventilator
What is the average ET tube size in large animal anesthesia?
26mm
14mm for foals
30mm for draft horses
Horses are intubated in ____ recumbency and it is a ____ intubation.
Lateral
Blind
What is the most common arrhythmia seen in LA anesthesia?
2nd degree heart block –treat with atropine if bradycardic
____ is VERY important during LA anesthesia so a ____ is used to monitor
Blood pressure
Direct arterial catheter
What arteries are used for the direct arterial catheter?
Transverse
Submandibular
Metatarsal
(choice depends on recumbency)
MAP & Systolic BP readings in LA anesthesia
MAP= >70mmHg Systolic= >90mmHg
Equine recovery steps
Quiet, well padded room
Free or assisted recovery– use ropes
Leave ET tube in as long as possible
____ is very common in horses during recovery due to ____. Intervention?
Hypoxia
airway obstruction
Hook up to oxygen
