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Parasitology > Test 1 - Notes > Flashcards

Test 1 - Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Rhipicephalus (B) Microplus

Common Name:
# host tick?
Transmits:
Where found?
Host?
A

Tropical Cattle Tick

 - 1 host tick
Transmits:
 - Babesia Bovis
 - Babesia Bigemina
 - Anaplasma Marginale

Location: Not in US
Host: mostly cattle

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2
Q

Rhipicephalus Sanguineas

Common Name:
# host tick?
Transmits:
Where found?
Host?
A 
CN: Brown Dog Tick
 - 3 host tick (all on dogs)
transmits: Babesia Canis, Babesia Gibsoni, Ehrlichia Canis, Rhickettsia rhicketsii
Found: all over US
Host: Dogs
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3
Q

Amblyomma Americanum

Common Name:
# host tick?
Host?
Transmits:
Where found?
A 
Lone Star Tick
 - 3 host tick
Host: small/large mammals
Transmits: 
- Ehrlichia ewingii (dog/human erylichiosis)
- Francisella Tularensis
- Cytauxzoon felis
- Possibly Borrelia burgdorfer

Location: SE US

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4
Q

Amblyomma Maculatum

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host: 
Location:
Transmits:
A

Gulf Coast Tick

  • 3 host tick
  • host: birds to lg mammals
  • Location: gulf coast up to KS
  • Transmits:
    - hepatozoon americanum (dogs)
    - maybe ehrlychia Ruminantium (heart water)
    - causes Gotch Ear
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5
Q

Amblyomma Cajennense

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A 
CN: Cayenne Tick
3 host tick
Host: birds to lg mammals
Trans: - maybe ehrylichia ruminantium 
location: S Texas to S America
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6
Q

Amblyomma Variegatum

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A 
CN: Pretty Tick, tropical bont tick
3 host tick
Host: birds when small, cows when grown
Trans: - Ehrlichia ruminantium (heart water)
           - Dermatophilus Congolensis
           - 
Location: not in US
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7
Q

Dermacentor Variabilis

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A
  • American Dog Tick
  • 3 host tick
  • sm-lg mammals
  • Transmits
    - rickettsia rickettsii (most imp. for this)
    - cytoxzoon felis
  • Widespread US
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8
Q

Dermacentor Andersoni

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A 
CN: Rocky Mt. Wood Tick
 - 3 host tick
Host: small - lg. mammals
Trans: 
    - rickettsia rickettsii (2nd most imp. vector)
    - CO tick fever
    - Anaplasma Marginale
Location: Rockies, Great Basin, Black Hills
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9
Q

Dermacentor Albipictus

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A 
CN: Elk Tick, winter tick, horse tick
1 host tick
host: Deer, cattle, horses
Trans: 
     - Anaplasma Marginale
     - Babesia Caballi
Location: US, etc.
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10
Q

Dermacentor Occidentalis

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Host:
Transmission:
Location:
A 
CN: Pacific Coast Tick
3 host tick
Host: horses, cattle
Transmission: Anaplasma Marginale
Location: California, Oregon
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11
Q

Dermacentor (A) Nitens

Common Name:
# host tick: 
Festoons, if so how many?
Host: 
Transmission:
Location:
A

CN: tropical horse tick
1 host tick
7 festoons
Host: horses
Trans: babesia Caballi (primary vector of)
Location: S texas, Southern FL and Americas

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12
Q

Ixodes Scapularis

  • Common Name:
  • # host:
  • Host:
  • Transmission:
  • Location:
A

CN: Deer Tick or blacklegged tick

  • 3 host tick
  • Host: broad
  • Trans:
    - Babesia microti (human babesiosis)
    - Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease; human/dog)
    - Anaplasma Phagocytophilum (human, dog, horse)
  • Location: Eastern N. America
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13
Q

Haemaphysalis Leporispalustris

Common Name:
# host tick:
Host:
Transmits:

A

CN: Rabbit Tick
3 host tick
- adults on Rabbits and sometimes cats (Larva and nymph on small rodents/birds)
Trans: Francisella Tularensis, Rickettsia rickettsii (RMSF) in rabbits

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14
Q

Argas Persicus

Common Name:
Host:
Transmits:
Location:
physical Char:
A

CN: Blue Bug/Fowl Tick
Host: Chicken/Poultry
Trans: Borrelia Anserina (avian spiral ketosis)
Location: Globally
Physical Char: lat. suture line, feed at night

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15
Q

Ornithodoros

Common Name:
Distribution:
Host:
Transmits:

A

Tampan
Local: Global
Host: WHR (wide host range)
Trans: Borrelia Corriaceae

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16
Q

Otobius Magnini

Common Name:
parasitic stages: 
location on host
appearance:
Clinical Signs:
Location:
A

Spinose ear tick

  • L and N parasitic, adult not
  • in ears
  • Spiney
  • CS:
    - head shaking
    - Head pressing
  • SW US
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17
Q

Rhipicephalus (B) Annulatus

Common Name:
# host tick?
Transmits:
Where found?
Host?
A

Cattle Fever Tick

-  1 host tick
Transmits: 
 - Babesia Bovis
 - Babesia Bigemina
 - Anaplasma Marginale

Found: Not in US
Host: cattle

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18
Q

what are the 2 body regions of mites?
antenna or no?
what are the components of mouth parts?

A

Gnathasome
Idiosoma

No antenna

Comp. of mouth:

  • Palps
  • Chelicera
  • Hypostome
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19
Q

Do mites have:

  • anterior or posterior mouthparts
  • scutum or not?
  • base capitulum or not?
A
  • anterior mouthparts
  • no scutum
  • no base capitulum
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20
Q

General Lifecycle of a mite…..

A
  1. Egg
  2. Prelarva
  3. larva
  4. protonymph
  5. deutonymph
  6. tritonymph
  7. Adult
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21
Q

mites fall into which classes of stigmata?

A

prostigmata
oribatida (hidden/cryptostigmata)
astigmata
mesostigmata

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22
Q

mites w/mesostigmata

A
  • Dermanyssus Gallinae
  • Ornithonyssus Sylvarium
  • O. Bursa
  • O. Bacoti
  • Pneumonyssoides Caninum (dog nasal mite)
  • Ophionyssus Natricis (lizard/snake mouth rot)
  • Raillietia Auris (cattle ear mite)
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23
Q

Dermanyssus Gallinae

Common Name: 
Host:
Size:
where do they dwell and when?
What do they cause?
Life Length:
A

Common name: Red Chicken Mite
Host: birds, maybe mammals
Size: Large
Note: bld feeders, turn red after meal
Dwelling: feed at night, hide in nest during day
Cause: anemia, skin irritation, decreased production
Life Length: 10 days

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24
Q

Ornithonyssus sylvarium

Common name:
For diagnosis where is the mite found?
Where eggs are laid?
Length of lifecycle?
Direct effects:
A 
Common name: Northern fowl Mite
Found: ON HOST
Eggs: Laid near vent 
Lifecycle: 5-7 days
Result: Lowered production, anemia, death
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25
Q

Ornithonyssus Bursa

Common Name:
Lifespan:
Where found? animal/enviro and where feeds

A

CN: tropical fowl mite
lifespan: 10 days off the host so look in enviro.
Found: vent, beak, eyes

Note: prefers warmer climates

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26
Q

Ornithonyssus Bacoti

Common name:
Feeds on:
Lifecyle:
Transmits:

A 
CN: Tropical Rat Mite
Feeds on: man and rats
Lifecycle: 11-16 days
Transmits: 
 - Rickettsii Typhi (Murine Typhus)
 - Rickettsii akari
 - Coxiella Burnetti (Q fever)
 - Borrelia Anserina (spiracetosis)
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27
Q

pneumonyssoides caninum

What species does it affect?
Is it highly specific or not?
Clinical Signs:
Where can you find them in the host?
how transmitted?
A
  • Species: Nasal mite of dogs (highly specific to dogs)
  • Clinical signs: asymptomatic but can have increased mucus, sneezing and head shaking
  • Host: nose, but may infest trachea, lungs
  • transmission: direct contact
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28
Q

Raillietia aurus

What is it? Mite, tick, lice, etc.
host:
Found where:
Common?

A

MITE
Found: young suckling calves
Found: deep in ear canal, feed on wax and sloughed epi. cells
Common? No, Rare

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29
Q

Ophionyssus Natricis

Host:
Where on host?
what do they cause on host?
what do they transmit?
where found?
A

Host: Bld sucking mite of lizards/snakes
Where: hides under scales, feed near eyes/mouth
cause: Anemia, Lethargy, Death
Transmit? Aeromonas Hydrophyla (mouth rot)
Found: in enviro

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30
Q

Family: Trombiculidae

Common name:
What phase/phases are parasitic?
# of legs of parasitic phase(s)?
Season(s) that they are prevalent:
Direct effect:
A 
Common name: Chiggers
Parasitic phase: Larva
# of legs: 3 pr
Come out: Spring through late summer
Cause: localized dermatitis from salivary enzymes
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31
Q

Family: Demodicidae

appearance: 
where do they live?
Are they usually found on animals?
Species Specific?
clinical signs:
A

cigar shaped mites with stubby legs
Live: in hair follicles and sebacious glands
- Usually found on animals (symbiont)
- YES, Species specific
- Clinical Signs: shouldn’t be any unless there’s other issues

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32
Q

3 types of Demodicosis

A
  1. localized - small alopecic patches, non puritic to pur., usually on head, legs. Commonly resolved spontaneously at puberty
  2. Generalized - serious condition, covers lg. area, usually secondary staph infection
  3. pododemodicosis - chronic infection of feet
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33
Q

Family: Cheyletiellidae

Common Name:
Where found?
Feeds on: 
size:
defining feature:
what location (physical) are they mostly found?
A

CN: Walking Dandruff
Found in hair, wool, etc. of mammal
Feeds on: Skin Debris
Size: large, shield shaped
Defining Feature: prominent incurved palpal claws
Location: found in pet stores and kennels

Note: can contaminate people but fairly species specific

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34
Q

List the Cheyletiella Species:

where do stages occur?
What do they feed on?
Who's susceptible?
Where eggs are laid?
Who can transmit to who?
A
  • blackei (cats)
  • Yasguri (dogs)
  • Parasitivotax (rabbits)
all stages occur on host
feed on skin
young more susceptible
eggs adhere to host, can be knocked off by grooming
mom can give to babies
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35
Q

Cheyletiella Species lesions

how to diagnose C. species

A
  • exfoliative: dandruff
  • Crustose: may look like ringworm on trunk of body
  • Look for eggs in feces
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36
Q

Astigmata suborder

Leg arrangement: 
have Stigmata?
Have ventral plates?
Anything special about Tarsi?
Most notable species?
A 
Leg arr: coxae 1/2 seperated from 3/4
no stigmata
no ventral plates
most have tarsi w/suckers
most notable: scabies
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37
Q

Sarcoptes Scabiei

Lifecycle spent where?
what diseases do they cause?

A
  • Entire Lifecycle on host, burrows in skin
  • will cross over to diff. hosts and irritate but only breed on adaptive host
  • Sarcoptic Mange, Scabies
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38
Q

Sarcoptic mange

Caused by:
Clinical Signs:
Starts where on animal?
How Spread?

A

Caused by: Sarcoptes Scabiei

Clinical Signs: Sever burnin itch, thickening of skin, scabs due to self mutilation, alopecia,

starts on head, moves to body

Spread: direct contact

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39
Q

Sarcoptic Mange

reportable in what?
quarantine of what animal and who says?

A

Reportable in Cattle

Swine quarantine regulations by state

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40
Q

Notoedres cati

  • Causes what in what animals?
  • Where does it begin and spread to?
  • similar in appearance to Sarcoptes
A
  • Notoedric mange in cats, rabbits and occas. dogs
  • begins on head (usually ears), spreads over face and head (generalized in kittens)
  • similar in appearance to Sarcoptes
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41
Q

Knemidocoptes Mutans

Common Name: 
Host?
Where found on animal?
Clinical Signs: 
Infestations lead to?
How to stop infestations?
A

Common Name - Scaly leg mite (turkeys/chickens)
Found: burrows in skin of feet and legs
CS: Causes deformity and crippling
Leads to: infestations may result in death
How to stop: segregate infested birds to stop infestation

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42
Q

Knemidocoptes Pilae

Host?
Where found on host?
What does it cause?

A

H: Budgerigars (bird)
Location: at base of beak, legs
Causes: scaly legs, malformed beak

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43
Q

Psoroptes Ovis

Common Name:
Host and is it here?
Feeds on?
Where are scabs formed?
Time of yr it's found?
A
  • CN: Sheep Scab Mite
  • Host: eradicated in Domestic US sheep, reportable in Cattle
  • Feed on skin, lymph exudate from abrasions
  • Scabs: scabs appear ventrally along dorsum, spread ventrally
  • Mid Jan. - march (like long hair)
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44
Q

Psoroptes Cuniculi

Common Name:
Host:
Clinical signs:

A

CN: Ear Canker Mite
Host: Goats, horses, rabbits
CS: Crusty scabs in ear canal

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45
Q

Chorioptes Bovis

Common Name:
Host:
Feed on:
Clinical Signs:

A

CN: Foot Mange Mite “Greasy Heel”
Host: Ruminants, Horses
Feed on: skin, don’t burrow
CS: scales form on feet and lower hind legs

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46
Q

Otodectes Cynotis

Common Name:
Host:
Feed on:
Clinical Signs:

A

CN: Ear Mites
Hosts: Cats, Dogs, other carnivores
Feed on: epidermal debris and lymph from abraded skin
CS: head shaking, scratching, ears may droop, brown discharge

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47
Q

Lynxacarus Radovskyi

common Name:
shape of body and what does it hang onto?
Where found on animal?
CS:

A
  • CN: Cat Fur Mite
  • Laterally compressed, grabs hair w/legs and palps
  • Found on tail, perineal area
  • CS: scruffy coat, pruritis, excessive grooming, hair balls in some cats
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48
Q

Important Mite Families’ Characteristic Lesions:

  • sarcoptidae:
  • Psoroptidae:
  • Cheyletiellidae:
  • Trombiculidae:
  • Demodicidae:
  • Knemidocoptidae:
A
  • Sarcoptidae: Deep burrowing in skin (alopecia, pruritis, thickening w/cracks)
  • Psoroptidae: surface feeders (scabbing from abrasion, oozing, pruritis)
  • Cheyletiellidae: Dry/Moist dermatitis w/scaling
  • Trombiculidae: Small red lesions, pruritis
  • Demodicidae: Alopecia, nodules, color changes
  • Knemidocoptidae: can cause deformitis of chicken/turkey legs
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49
Q

Mites: Must Locate to diagnose:

How do you locate for DX:

  • Demodex
  • Sarcoptes
  • Surface mites
A
  • Superficial skin scrapings for surface mites
  • Deep scraping and squeezing for Demodex (hair follicle)
  • Scrape into dermis for Sarcoptes (Scabies mite)
  • Sample diff. sites at edge or away from lesions
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50
Q

Generalized life cycle of a lice

A

Incomplete metamorphosis; Egg to nymph 1-3 to adult; 3 weeks to develop; Entire life cycle on host

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51
Q

Lice: Location of eggs

A

“nits” are glued to hair/feathers of host

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52
Q

How are lice transmitted between individuals

A

Direct contact and shared bedding

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53
Q

Characteristics of sucking lice

A

NOT ON BIRDS, Head is narrower than thorax which is fused, single claw on tarsi, eyes absent or reduced (prominent of human), all stages and sexes feed on blood

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54
Q

Characteristics of chewing lice

A

Found on birds (2 claws on tarsi) and mammals (1 claw on tarsi), head is wider than thorax, feeds on skin scales and dander

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55
Q

Chewing lice suborder Ischnocera charactersitics

A

Mouthparts close horizontally, thoracic segments fused, no palps, antennae 3-5 segments

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56
Q

Chewing lice suborder Amblycera charactersitics

A

Mouthparts close vertically, thorax divided between 1 and 2nd segments, have 4 segmented palps, antennae with 4-5 segments and folded under the head

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57
Q

Direct effects of lice

A

Tremendous irritation, pruritis, hair loss, death from anemia (sucking)

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58
Q 
Trichodectes canis: 
sucking or chewing, 
common name, 
location on host, 
intermediate host of what
A

Chewing,
Dog biting louse,
Neck and tail,
Dipylidium caninum

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59
Q

Felicola subrostratus:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Host

A

Chewing,
Cat louse,
Usually sick or older cats

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60
Q

Genus Bovicola:
sucking or chewing,
Important direct effect

A

Chewing,

Significant economic losses

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61
Q

Bovicola limbatus common name

A

Angora goat louse

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62
Q

Bovicola crassipes common name

A

Goat louse

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63
Q

Bovicola bovis common name

A

Cattle biting louse

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64
Q

Bovicola equi common name

A

Horse chewing louse

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65
Q

Bovicola ovis common name

A

Sheep chewing louse

66
Q

Family Philopteridae characteristics

A

2 claws on tarsi and all are bird lice

67
Q

Family Philopteridae species

A

Goniocotes gallinae, Goniodes gigas, Chelopistes meleagridis

68
Q

Goniocotes gallinae:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Location on host

A

Chewing,
Fluff louse,
Down feathers on chickens

69
Q

Goniodes gigas:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Location on host

A

Chewing,
Large chicken louse,
Body and feathers of poultry

70
Q

Chelopistes meleagridi:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Location

A

Chewing,
Large turkey louse,
Neck and breast feathers

71
Q 
Heterodoxus spiniger: 
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Host,
Geographic location,
Feeds on
A

Chewing,
Dog louse,
Dogs and coyotes in S US
Feeds on cell debries and blood

72
Q

Menonpon gallinae:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Host

A

Chewing,
Shaft louse,
Chickens, ducks, pigeons

73
Q

Menacanthus stramineus:
sucking or chewing,
Common name,
Host

A

Chewing,
Chicken body louse,
Chickens, turkey, peafowl, pheasant

74
Q 
Haematopinus asini: 
sucking or chewing;
Location on host;
Common name;
Clinical signs
A

Sucking,
Head, neck, back, inner thighs;
Horse sucking louse;
Unthriftiness, rough hair coat, irritation

75
Q 
Haematopinus suis: 
Sucking or chewing;
Common name;
Clinical signs;
Indirect effect;
A

Sucking;
Hog louse;
Skin damage, hair loss;
Vectors Mycoplasma haemosuis

76
Q

Haematopinus eurysternus:
Sucking or chewing;
Common name

A

Sucking;

Short-nosed cattle louse

77
Q

Haematopinus quadripertusus:
Sucking or chewing;
Common name;
Location on host

A

Sucking;
Cattle tail louse;
Tail switch and eye lashes

78
Q 
Linognathus vituli: 
Sucking or chewing;
Common name;
Location on host;
Direct effects
A

Sucking;
Long-nosed cattle louse;
Main body;
Stress, decreased production, down grading of hide

79
Q

Linognathus setosus:
Hosts;
Direct effect

A

Dogs and foxes;

Severe anemia

80
Q

Solenoptes capillatus:
Common name;
Host;
Location on host

A

Little blue louse;
Cattle;
Face and body

81
Q

Solenoptes capillatus: Host; Location on host

A

Cattle; face and body

82
Q

Polyplax spinulosa: Host

A

Lice of Rat

83
Q

Polyplax serrata: Host

A

Lice of Mice

84
Q

Pedicinus spp.: Host

A

Lice of Primates

85
Q

Human lice (and their common names) that can be found on pets

A

Pediculus humanus (body louse), P. humanus capitis (head louse), Pthirus pubis (crab louse)

86
Q

Purpose of human lice on pets

A

None, they are incidental findings and can not propagate off of a human

87
Q

Fleas general life cycle

A

Eggs to larvae to pupa to pre-emergent adult to adult; complete metamorphosis; 35 days

88
Q

Are fleas host specific

A

No, do show host preference

89
Q

Direct effects of fleas

A

Inflammation, pruritus, anemia, cutaneous hypersensitivity

90
Q

Characteristics of fleas

A

Aptera (no wings), Mouthparts are piercing and sucking, Laterally flattened body, Hindlegs built for jumping

91
Q

Flies:

What order are they in?
how many sets of wings do they have?
What kind of metamorph do they go through?

A

Order: Diptera

  • 2 sets but 1 set is really small (balance)
  • Holometabolis (complete metamorphosis)
92
Q

Flies: order Diptera

What kind of mouthparts do they have?

A

Piercing/sucking

sponging

93
Q

Order Diptera

Methods for piercing/sucking mouth parts

A

Flies

  • Telmophagy: cut in skin, suck from pool of bld
  • solenphagy: taps into bld vessel
94
Q

Mosquitos

What Order and Family?
General Lifecycle:

A

Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae
Lifecycle: immature stages (larva: “wrigglers”, pupa “tumblers”) are aquatic, require surface area to breath (no gills), feed on microorganisms, approx. 10 days from egg to adult

95
Q

Mosquitos

list the type of breeders (local of eggs laid)

A

Permanent water breeders: lay eggs on standing water, eggs susceptible to desiccation
Temporary (stagnant) water Breeders: lay eggs on things susc. to flooding, eggs resist desiccation

96
Q

Mosquito egg features by species

Anopheles
Aedes
Culex
Mansonia

A

Anopheles: laid singly on water (air filled, floats)
Aedes: laid singly on substrates likely to flood
Culex: laid upright, glued together in rafts
Mansonia: egg raft glued to underside of vegetation

97
Q

All mosquito larva come to the surface to breath EXCEPT?

How do these ssp breath?

A
  • Mansonia
  • Coquillettidia

Siphon aquatic plants

Note: Anophelenes are the most surface breathers as spiracles line end of body, not just tail area

98
Q

Mosquito Pupa

Do they need food?
Where are they mostly found? Except for which species?

A

No, just Oxygen

- Mostly found at water surface, Other than Mansonia and Coquillittidia

99
Q

What are the 3 mosquitos with the most world wide impact?

A
  • Anopheles Gambiae (feed w/butt up)
  • Ades Aegypti (feed w/butt down)
  • Culex Quinquefasciatus (feed butt down w/tail)
100
Q

Aedes Mosquito

Where lays eggs?
Eggs desiccate easily or not?

A
  • Just above water lines anticipating flooding or on ground in flood areas
  • eggs resistant to desiccation
101
Q

Aedes Mosquito

Diseases transmitted:

A
  • Adese Aegypti: Yellow Fever
  • A. Albopictus, A. Aegypti: Dengue Fever, EEE, WEE, VEE, Dirofilaria Immitis (heart worm), Avian plasmodium ssp. (protozoan)
102
Q

Mosquito: Anopheles

Where does it lay its eggs and how many at a time?
Eggs susc. to desicc or not?
Dz agents transmitted:
lays how many eggs at a time and in it’s whole lifecycle

A
  • lays eggs singly in still water
  • Eggs susceptible to desiccation
  • Dz: Malaria, Dirofilaria Immitis, VEE, maybe WEE
  • 150/300 eggs at a time, 3 times during lifecycle
103
Q

Culex Mosquito

Where eggs laid?
Single or multiple eggs laid?
Transmits:

A

Eggs: tolerates contaminated water (latrines, sewage, etc.)
Eggs laid in rafts
Avian Plasmodium, Heartworm (dirofilaria Immitis), EEE, WEE and PRIMARY VECTOR OF WEST NILE

104
Q

Order: Diptera, Family: Simuliidae

Includes:
Physical attributes:
Day or night biters?
alone or in groups?
where do they breed?
Most important Genus?
A
  • Include: Black Flies, Buffalo Gnats
  • PA: Piercing mouthparts, hump-like appearance
  • appears in enormous swarms, day biters
  • Breed in Running Water
  • Genus: Simulium
105
Q

Simulium Flies

Cause what in animals?
Male and Female feed on Bld?
Transmission:

A
  • swarms associated with loss of prod/death due to suffocation
  • ONLY FEMALES feed on bld (poultry, cattle, horses)
  • Leucocytozoon in birds, Onchocerca Volvulus in humans (river blindness)
106
Q

Biting Midges

What family?
Known for what?
breeding habitat:
Males and Females feed on bld?
most imp. SSP?
A
  • Family: Ceratopogonidae
  • Known for painful bite
  • BH: aquatic w/vegetation
  • Females only feed on bld
  • SSP: Cullicoides
107
Q

Cullicoides

What are they?
Transmit:

A
  • Biting Midges
  • Transmit:
    - Onchocerca
    - Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon (birds), Chandlerella Quiscali
    - VEE (Horses)
    - Blue Tongue Virus (ruminants)
108
Q

Sandflies

Family:
Breeding Enviro:
Males and Females Feed on bld?

A

Family: Psychodidae
BE: moist areas, NOT aquatic
Only Female Feeds on bld

109
Q

Sandflies:

2 Important Genera
Transmission

A

Genera:

  • Lutzomyia (New World)
  • Plebotomus (Old World)

Transmission:

  • Leishmania (humans, dogs, cats)
  • Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (Cattle, horses, pigs)
110
Q

Flies

Order:
Family: Muscidae - Common Name
Where do you normally find them?
Timeframe from egg to adult?

A

Order: Diptera
CN: House fly, Horn fly, Face fly, Stable fly
Found: near moist areas of animal deposits
Timeframe: 2-3 weeks

111
Q

Musca Domestica

Common Name:
Mouthparts?
What do they feed on?
Where do they breed?

A

CN: House Fly
MP: Sponging
Feed on nasal/eye secretions and wounds
Breed in manure

112
Q

House Flies

Genus, Species:
Mechanically transmit:
Biologically Transmit:

A

GS: Musca Domestica
MT: Enterobacteriae, Moraxella Bovis, Entamoeba Hystolytica, Taenia (tapeworm eggs)
BT: Draschia & Habronema (stomach worms in horses), Choanotaenia (chicken tapeworm)

113
Q

Stomoxys Calcitrans

Common name:
Distribution: 
Where do they breed:
Male and Female bld feeders?
Type of Mouthparts:
A
  • CN: Stable Fly, Dog Fly, Biting house fly
  • Worldwide distribution
  • breed in horse manure, compost bins
  • BOTH male/female feed on bld
  • Piercing/sucking MP’s
114
Q

Stomoxys Calcitrans

Preferred Host, what’s alternative?
Bite at night?
Similar to what other fly? How different?
Transmits:

A
  • PH = animals, will bite ppl if not readily avail.
  • only bite during the day
  • Similar to Musca Domestica, Diff. as proboscis is pointed
  • Transmits:
    • mechanical: Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA), Anaplasma Marginale
    • Biological: same as house fly
115
Q

Pasture or range Flies in the family:

Tabanidae

A

Tabanus (Horse Flies)
Chrysops (Deer Flies)
Haematopa (uncommon in N. America)

116
Q

Pasture or range Flies in the family Muscidae:

A
  • Haemotobia Irritans (horn fly)

- Musca Autumnalis (Face Fly)

117
Q

Pasture or Range flies in family: Hippoboscidae

A
  • Melophagus Ovinus (Sheep Ked)

- Lipoptena Cervi (Deer Ked)

118
Q

Family: Tabanidae

2 imp. subfamilies

A
  • Tabaninae (larger)
    • spp: Tabanus (horse fly globally distributed
    • spp: Haematopota (uncommon in N. Amer)
  • Chrysopinae (smaller)
    • spp: Chrysops (deer flies, Mango fly)
119
Q

Tabanus and Chrysops spp

  • male and female feed?
  • day/night feeders and on what?
  • When (time of yr.) are each active?
  • anything special they secrete?
A
  • adult females w/PAINFUL bites
  • day feeders on cattle/horses
  • crysops active in spring, tabanus active in early summer/fall
  • have high concentrations of anticoagulants
120
Q

Tabanus and Chrysops spp

Transmission:

A

Mechanical: Anthrax, Tularemia, Anaplasmosis, EIA, Bovine Lymphoma
Biological: Trypanosoma Theileri (cattle), Elaeophora Schneideri (Deer, elk, sheep), Hog Cholera Virus, Vesicular Stomatitis

121
Q

Best way to control flies?

A

Fly traps

122
Q

Haematobia Irritans

Common name:
Mouthparts?
male/female bld feeders?
where normally found?
Where do they breed?
A
  • CN: Horn Fly
  • Piercing sucking
  • Male AND female
  • only leave host to lay eggs (range cattle, not feedlot cattle)
  • MUST breed in fresh cow manure
123
Q

Haematobia Irritans

how to distinguish from stable flies
Transmits:
How to treat for these flies?

A

Distinguish by Palp length:

  • stable flies (Stomoxys Calcitrans): palp length shorter than proboscis
  • Horn Flies (Haematobia Irritans): Palp Length same as proboscis
  • Trans:
    • mechanical: Stephanofilaria Stilesi (causes ventral dermatitis in cattle), Staph. aureus (mastitis)
    • biologically: stephanofilaria sp (cattle)

Treat: ear tags, oral, spray ons

124
Q

Musca Autumnalis

family:
Common name:
look like what other fly?
male and female feeders?
Where do they breed?
Where do they spend most of time?
A
  • Muscidae
  • CN: Face Fly
  • indist. from house flies
  • both sexes feed on secretions from mouth, eyes
  • breed in fresh manure
  • most of time spent off host
125
Q

Musca Autumnalis

Transmission
Where found?
How to control?

A
  • Trans:
    Mechanical:Moraxella Bovis (bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis - pink eye)
    Biological: Thelazia
  • Not found in TX (not gulf coast states)
  • Control: Hard to, shelter animals during heavy activity
126
Q

Family: Hipoboscidae (fly)

Common Name:
Description:
Mouthparts:
Life spent where?

A

CN: Keds
Description: dorsally flattened, wingless, reddish/brown
piercing/sucking mouthparts
Life: spent on host

127
Q

Melophagus Ovinus

Common Name:
geographic Distribution:
Stages spend life where?
Male/Female bld feeders?
Species specific?
How transmitted?
Transmits what?
When to control:
A 
CN: Sheep Ked
Worldwide
all stage on host
Both sexes feed on bld
Species specific but may be found on goats/humans
Transmitted by Direct Contact, 
causes anemia, wool issues, etc.
Bacterial vector for: Trypanosoma melophagium
When to control: ***Sheering time ***
128
Q

Lipoptena Cervi

Common Name
what species affected?
similar in appearance to what?
winged and details?
Transmit?
A
  • CN: Deer Ked
  • Deer affected, esp. white tail
  • similar in appearance to M. ovinus
  • newly emerged adults are winged
  • fly to find host, shed wings 48 hrs. after on host
  • don’t cause dz, may cause anemia in high numbers
129
Q

Which stage(s) of lice are parasitic

A

Adult only

130
Q

How to diagnose a flea infestation

A

Observe adult fleas on the tail, head, and/or inguinal area. Observe “flea dirt” reddish black feces.

131
Q

Flea genera in the family Pulicidae

A

Ctenocephalides, Pulex, Xenopsylla, Echidnophaga

132
Q

Flea genera in the family Ceratophyllidae

A

Nosopsyllus, Leptosylla, Cediopsylla, Orchopeas, Oropsylla

133
Q

Ctenocephalides felis: Common name; Geological Location; Length of lifecycle; Direct effect; Indirect effect

A

Cat flea; Found worldwide; 35 day lifecycle; Exsanguination of lambs, sheep, goats, calves, and puppies; Dipylidium caninum (ingestion of flea), Acanthocheilonema reconditum (flea feeding), Bartonella henselae (cat scratch fever), possibly Mycoplasma haemofelis and haemominutum (FIA)

134
Q

Ctenocephalides canis

A

Rare to find

135
Q

Pulex spp.: Common name; Geographic location (irritans and simulans); Host; Indirect effect

A

Human flea; Pulex irritans is found in cosmopolitans, Pulex simulans is found in Hawaii, S and central US; Humans, dogs, cats, swine, and wildlife; Rickettsia typhi, Yersinia pestis

136
Q

Xenopsylla cheopis: Common name; Primary host; Length of lifecycle; Indirect effects

A

Oriental rat flea; Black rat (rattus rattus) only search out other host if all rats in the nest die; 4-8 weeks; Intermediate host for Hymenolepis diminuta and Hymenolepis nana(tapeworms), Vectors Yersinia pestis and Rickettsia typhi

137
Q

Echidnophaga gallinacea: Common name; Host and location on host; Length of lifecycle; Indirect effects; Direct effects

A

Sticktight flea; Domestic poultry on the head; 4-8 weeks; Possibly transmitt Yersinia pestis and Reckettsia typhi; exanguination of young chicks

138
Q

Rodent fleas that are a concern with Yersinia pestis (and their common names)

A

Nosopsyllus fasciatua (Northern rat flea), Leptosyllus segnis (Mouse flea), Cediopsylla simplex (Rabbit flea), Orchopeas howardii (Squirrel flea), Oropsylla montana (Ground squirrel flea)

139
Q

The condition where animals become hypersensitive to flea saliva

A

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

140
Q

Flea Allergy Dermatitis treatment

A

Flea control that does not require the flea to feed on the animal

141
Q

Tunga penetrans: Common name; Direct effect

A

Chigoe; Female burrows into skin usually between toes or under nails, oviposits, then dies causing and intense inflammatory response

142
Q

What subgroup of true bugs do not have 2 wings

A

Bed bugs

143
Q

Subfamily Triatominae feeding habits

A

All stages feed exclusively on vertebrate blood at night

144
Q

Triatoma: Geographical location; Location in environment; Lifecycle; Indirect effects

A

US, S and central America; Cracks in house and woodpiles; Incomplete metamorphosis, 5 nymphal stages and adult, 5-12 months to become an adult, nymphs can survive for months without feeding; Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)

145
Q

Why is Chagas disease not prevelant problem in the US?

A

Good housing

146
Q

How is Trypanosoma cruzi transmitted to humans and to dogs

A

Humans: Defication into an open wound or mucous membrane; Dog: Ingestion of Triatoma

147
Q

Kissing bugs of medical importance and which transmitt the Trypanosoma cruzi

A

Rhodnius prolixus, Triatoma infestans, Panstrongylus megistus, Triatoma dimidiata, Tratoma pallidipennis, Triatoma protracta (the only one that doesn’t transmit Trypanosoma cruzi)

148
Q

Myiasis definition

A

Infestation of host tissue by fly larvae (dermal or internal)

149
Q

3 types of myiasis and their differences

A

Obligatory- needs a live host; Facultative- live or dead host; Accidental (pseudomyiasis)- ingestion of eggs or fly larvae

150
Q

3 types of myiasis causing flies

A

Primary- initiates myiasis; Secondary- infests after primary begins; Tertiary- infests after both primary and secondary and shortly before death of the host

151
Q

Cochlyomyia hominivorax: Common name; Geographical location

A

New world primary screwworm; Not in US and parts of Mexico

152
Q

Chrysomia bezziana: Common name

A

Old world primary screwworm

153
Q

Hypoderam bovis: Common name; Geographical location; location of myiasis

A

Northern cattle grub or Ox warble; Not in TX; Spinal canal epidural fat

154
Q

Hypoderam lineatum: Common name; Geographical location; Type of myiasis; Clinical sign

A

Common cattle grub of Heel fly; Texas; Obligate internal myiasis in connective tissue of esophagus; “Gadding” behavior

155
Q

Oestrus ovis: Common name; type of myiasis; Host; Site of larva; Direct effects

A

Sheep Nose Bot; Obligate internal myiasis; Sheep, goats, rarely humans; Nostrils; Extreme annoyance and possibly death if CNS

156
Q

Family Gastorophilidae: Common name;
Type of myiasis; Important species;
Characteristics of adult; direct effect

A

Horse bot flies; Obligate internal myiasis; Gasterophilus intestinalis (Common bot), G. nasalis (chin or throat bot), G. haemorrhoidalis(nose bot); Adults- non functional mouth parts, large, bee like; Gadding behavior

157
Q

Family Sarcophagidae: Common name, 3 species, type of myiasis; Characteristics of adult; Host

A

Flesh flies; Wohlfahrtia magnifica, W. Opaca, W. vigil; Obligate dermal myiasis; Resembles large house flies with sponging mouthparts; Young puppies and small children

158
Q

Cuterebra spp.: Common names; Type of myiasis, Characteristic of adults; Location of egg deposits

A

Rabbit or Rodent bot; Obligate dermal myiasis; Adult is non feeding and bee like; Deposited near trail or burrow

159
Q

Producers of facultative myiasis; Treatment and control methods

A

Calliphora, Lucilia, Phormia, Phanenicia, Cochliomyia macellaria (secondary screwworm causing fly strike); Sanitation, removale of hair from areas of feces or urine, local treatment

160
Q

Mites w/prostigmata

A
  • Demodex
  • Trombiculidae
  • Cheyletiella
161
Q

Mites w/Astigmata

A
  • Sarcoptes Scabiei
  • Notoedres
  • Knemidocoptes
  • Psoroptes
  • chorioptes bovis
  • otodectes cynotis
  • lynxacarus radovskyi

Parasitology (5 decks)

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