Test #1 - Malignancy and Womens Health Flashcards
Just some tidbits about Cervical Cancer…..
This disease is 100% curable when it is diagnosed in its early stages and treated promptly.
Pap tests are the single most effective method for identifying irregularities in cervical cells that could develop into cancer. Since 1940’s when Papanicolaou smears were first introduced, the death rate for cervical cancer has declined by nearly 75%
What are some risk factors for Cervical Cancer?
- Early age of sexual activity.
- Multiple partners
- Untreated chronic cervicitis
- Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
- Smoking
- Uncircumcised partner
- Venereal disease
- Low socioeconomic status
What are some assessments for Cervical Cancer?
• Abnormal bleeding including but not limited to
between periods or after intercourse, increased
menstrual bleeding.
- Watery or bloody vaginal discharge.
- Dyspareunia
- Lower back pain
- Dysuria, kidney problems
- Vaginal bleeding after menopause
- Hematuria
What are 2 diagnostics/labs for cervical cancer?
Pap Smear
Schiller test - Cervical Biopsy
What are some treatments for cervical cancer?
- Conization-Cone biopsy
- LEEP- Loop electrosurgical excisicion procedure
- Invasive cervical cancer (stage 2 or above) vaginal
hysterectomy- removal of uterus and fallopian tubes.
- Usually not able to cure stage 4
- TAH-BSO- may also remove related lymph nodes.
- Radical hysterectomy- above plus partial vaginectomy and removal of lymph nodes.
What are the stages of Malignancy?
• 0 = cancer in situ
■ 1 = localized tissue growth
• 11= limited local spread
■ 111= extensive local and regional spread
• IV= metastasis
What do you need to do Pre-Op for cervical cancer?
- Consents explained and signed consent.
- Surgical preparation, bowel/shave
- Diagnostic tests
- Foley catheter
- Encourage questions and feelings
- Administration of medication before procedure
what do you need to do post-op cervical cancer?
- TCDB, IS, SCD’s
- Importance of early ambulatior
- Pain relief
- Foley catheter/ l/O’s
- Peri-care/ sitz baths
- Assess for complications
What are some post-op assessments after cervical cancer surgery?
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What do you need to teach post-op cervical cancer surgery?
- Showers not baths
- Pelvic rest- NOTHING vaginally for 6 weeks Of
until PCP says so!
- Sexual activity
- Douching
- Tampons
- Heavy lifting or straining
- No driving until cleared by PCP and while on pain medication.
- Annual check ups if not sooner depending on prognosis
- Signs and symptoms to report
- Incision care
- Medication regime and side effects
What is endometrial cancer?
Most common malignancy of the women’s reproductive system.
Most often women between the ages of 60-70.
- Slow growing and most women are
- Asymptomatic in early stages. Because it’s slow growing
- Dyspareunia -
Weight loss -
Abnormal bleeding
What is ovarian cancer?
- 2nd most frequently occurring reproductive cancer but causes more deaths
- Symptoms vague and nonspecific- weight
gain, pelvic & back pain, urinary problems
- “Silent Killer”- rapidly growing
- CA-125, transvaginal ultrasoun
d for diagnosis
What are risk factors for breast cancer?
- Increased incidence in women over 50
- Family history
- Nulliparous women or women whose first pregnancy occurred after age 30
- Early menses (=12)
- Goal: to promote early detection of breast cancer through public education and SBE.
What are some assessments for breast cancer?
Any new hard lump or thickening in the breast or under the arm
Change in size-asymmetry or the breast, shape or color of the breast, skin thickening, large pores
Dimpling or puckering of the breast tissue or nipple
Swelling, redness or warmth that doesn’t go away
Pain in one spot that doesn’t correlate c menses
Sudden nipple discharge or bleeding in one breast
Itchy, sore or scaling area on one nipple
What are some diagnostics/labs for breast cancer?
• Noninvasive techniques
- Mammography- >40 every 1-2 years
- Ultrasound
- Yearly breast exam done by provider
- Monthly breast exam by patient
• Invasive techniques
- Breast biopsy- Several methods of breast biopsy now exist.
The most appropriate method of biopsy for a client
depends upon factors including size, location, appearance
and characteristics of the breast abnormality.