Test 1 Lecture Flashcards
Nonpolar
equally sharing electrons
polar
not equally sharing electrons- electron hogs like oxygen
bond between two molecules
hydrogen
Covalent bonding
sharing between atoms
Oxygen
is an electron hog
S and N
are also electron hogs
Ion
an atom that has neither gained or lost electrons
Ionic bonding
electrons are not shared. One atom loses electrons while the other gains
Symmetric structural formulas
are almost always nonpolar (equal)
Atomic mass
will be under the formula name with a decimal
Number of electrons
is the element number
How many electrons are in the Ca+2 ion?
18 electrons since the atomic number is 20 and it lost 2 electrons
Bulk element
an element we need to survive in large amounts ie hydrogen
trace element
an element we need to survive in small amounts
olive oil?
hydrophobic
kool aid
hydrophillic
caffiene
hydrophillic
a fat soluble vitimin
hydrphobic
amphipathic
both hydrophobic and hydrophillic
What do the partial positive and partial negative signs mean? Why is oxygen partially negative and hydrogen partially positive?
The partial negative sign on oxygen means that the electrons found in the polar covalent bond shared between Hydrogen and Oxygen are traveling around oxygen more than around hydrogen. This imparts a partial negative charge on oxygen since electrons are negatively charged. The partial positive charge on hydrogen means that the electrons are not traveling as much around hydrogen.
Why is oxygen negative and not positive?
Why is oxygen negative and not positive?
Which is more acidic a ph or 7 or 5?
5, the smaller the number the more acidic
Why is oxygen negative and not positive?
solution b has a higher concentration of ions than A
Solution “C” has a pH of 6 and solution “D” has a pH of 5. Which solution is more acidic and by what factor?
5 is more acidic
ph of water?
7
When a protein is denatured what changes?
everythign but the primary source
can denatured proteins perform their natural functions?
no
The sugar ribose is found in…
neucleotides
What is the major structural difference between starch and glycogen?
D) the amount of branching that occurs in the molecule
. What does the term insoluble fiber refer to on food packages?
cellulose
A glycosidic linkage (two sugars bound together) is analogous to which of the following in proteins?
a peptide bond
Phospholipids and triglycerides both
have a glycerol backbone
Phospholipids
glycerol + Phosphate + base + 2 fatty acids
Triglycerides
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
The chemical reaction illustrated below
results in a peptide bond
is cellulose a mono, di, or polysacccaride?
poly
Sucrose a mono, di, or polysacccaride?
di
can humans break down chitin for energy?
No it is a plant sugar
is glucose a mono, di, or polysacccaride?
mono
Describe the difference between a tri-di- and monoglyceride.
The “glyceride” part of triglyceride, diglyceride and monoglyceride, comes from the fact that all glycerides are made from one glycerol molecule (oftentimes called the glycerol backbone). The mono-, di-, and tri- part comes from the number of fatty acids that you stick on to the glycerol backbone. A monoglyceride has the glycerol backbone plus one fatty acid. A diglyceride has two fatty acids stuck on to the glycerol backbone and a triglyceride has three fatty acids stuck on to the glycerol backbone.
saturated fats
are easier to stack and hold their shape better
Acidosis
blood too acidic, causes hypo ventilation/diarrhea
Alkalosis
blood too basic causes vomiting and hyperventilation
