Test 1- Lecture 4 Flashcards
What does squamous mean?
flattened (looks like fried egg), nucleus in center
What does cuboidal mean?
same on all sides, cube shaped, nucleus centrally located
What does columnar mean?
taller than wide, nucleus in basal region
what does transitional mean?
polyhedral (many sides)
What does keratinized mean?
cell is filled with keratin and no nucleus is seen. the cell is dead
What does nonkeratinized mean?
The nucleus is see and the cell is alive. Found is areas that are moist (vagina, mouth, esophagus)
What feature is always used when naming columnar epithelium?
If it is ciliated or nonciliated
What feature is used when naming stratified squamous epithelium?
whether it is keratinized or not
What is muscle tissue?
muscle fibers that can be stimulated by neurons which contract and cause movement
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Where is skeleton muscle at?
attached to bones and skin
What are skeletal muscle cells defining characteristics?
long and cylindrical, striated and multinucleated
What is contraction in skeletal muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?
the movement of bones or skin; it is voluntary
Where is cardiac muscle found?
middle wall of heart (myocardium)
What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle?
y-shaped; striated with intercalated discs between cells; 1-2 nuclei
what happens with contraction of cardiac muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?
it causes the movement of blood; it is involuntary
Where is smooth muscle found?
the walls of most internal organs
What are the defining characteristics of smooth muscle cells?
short, wide in the middle, tapered ends; non striated; 1 nuceli
what happens when smooth muscle contracts? is it voluntary or involuntary?
movement of food, blood, semen, etc; involuntary
What is connective tissue?
Diverse tissue that supports, connect, and binds
What are the three components of connective tissue?
cells, protein fiber, and ground substance
what are the six functions of connective tissue?
protection, support/structure, binding, storage, transport, and immune protection
What are the three ways to classify connective tissue?
CT Proper, Supporting CT, and Fluid CT
What are the two subcategories of CT Proper?
Loose Connective tissue and Dense Connective Tissue
What are the three types of loose connective tissue?
Aerolar, adipose, and reticular
What are the three types of dense connective tissue?
regular, irregular, and elastic
What are the two subcategories of Supporting CT?
cartilage and bone
What are the three types of cartilage?
Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic
What are the two types of bone?
Compact and spongy
What is considered fluid connective tissue?
blood
What are resident cells in CT proper?
They stay within the tissue
What are wandering cells in CT proper?
They wander out of the cell
What are the four resident cells?
Fibroblasts, adipocytes, fixed macrophages, and mesenchymal cells
What are fibroblasts?
flat and tapered, produce fiber and ground substance
What are adipocytes?
fat cells
What are fixed macrophages?
irregular shape, trigger immune response
What are mesenchymal cells?
embryonic stem cells
what are the four example of wandering cells?
mast cells, plasma cells, free macrophages, and other leukocytes
What are mast cells?
granulated, triggers inflammation
What are plasma cells?
produce antibodies
What are the three types of fibers in CT proper?
Collagen, elastic, and reticular
What are collagen fibers?
long, unbranching, flexible and resistant to stretching
What is elastic fiber?
Thin, wavy and can stretch/ recoil
What is reticular fiber?
thin, forms a meshwork (packing material)
What is loose CT?
Low protein fibers, a lot of ground substance
What is dense CT?
high protein fibers, low ground substance
What are the cells found in cartilage?
Chondrocytes within lacunae
What is lacunae?
small spaces within the matrix
What is the ECM like in cartilage?
gel-like, with collagen and elastic fibers
What are the two characteristics of cartilage?
avascular, and provides support/withstands deformation
What cells form bones?
osteocytes
What is the ECM like in bone?
solid, mix of collagen and bone salts
What is fluid CT?
blood
What is bloods function?
Transport waste, nutrients, hormones, etc
what five things is blood composed of?
Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and fibrin
What is plasma?
watery ground substance with protein fibers
What are erythrocytes?
Red Blood Cells
what are leukocytes?
white blood cells
What are platelets?
fragment of blood cells
what is fibrin?
clotting protein
What is the function of nervous tissue?
allows communication and control of body functions
What are the two cells within nervous tissue?
neurons and neuroglia
What are neurons?
cells capable of initiating and conducting electrical activity
What is neuroglia?
cells that support neurons
