Test 1- Lecture 4

Question 1

What does squamous mean?

Answer 1

flattened (looks like fried egg), nucleus in center

Question 2

What does cuboidal mean?

Answer 2

same on all sides, cube shaped, nucleus centrally located

Question 3

What does columnar mean?

Answer 3

taller than wide, nucleus in basal region

Question 4

what does transitional mean?

Answer 4

polyhedral (many sides)

Question 5

What does keratinized mean?

Answer 5

cell is filled with keratin and no nucleus is seen. the cell is dead

Question 6

What does nonkeratinized mean?

Answer 6

The nucleus is see and the cell is alive. Found is areas that are moist (vagina, mouth, esophagus)

Question 7

What feature is always used when naming columnar epithelium?

Answer 7

If it is ciliated or nonciliated

Question 8

What feature is used when naming stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 8

whether it is keratinized or not

Question 9

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 9

muscle fibers that can be stimulated by neurons which contract and cause movement

Question 10

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 10

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 11

Where is skeleton muscle at?

Answer 11

attached to bones and skin

Question 12

What are skeletal muscle cells defining characteristics?

Answer 12

long and cylindrical, striated and multinucleated

Question 13

What is contraction in skeletal muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 13

the movement of bones or skin; it is voluntary

Question 14

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 14

middle wall of heart (myocardium)

Question 15

What are the defining characteristics of cardiac muscle?

Answer 15

y-shaped; striated with intercalated discs between cells; 1-2 nuclei

Question 16

what happens with contraction of cardiac muscle? is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 16

it causes the movement of blood; it is involuntary

Question 17

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 17

the walls of most internal organs

Question 18

What are the defining characteristics of smooth muscle cells?

Answer 18

short, wide in the middle, tapered ends; non striated; 1 nuceli

Question 19

what happens when smooth muscle contracts? is it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 19

movement of food, blood, semen, etc; involuntary

Question 20

What is connective tissue?

Answer 20

Diverse tissue that supports, connect, and binds

Question 21

What are the three components of connective tissue?

Answer 21

cells, protein fiber, and ground substance

Question 22

what are the six functions of connective tissue?

Answer 22

protection, support/structure, binding, storage, transport, and immune protection

Question 23

What are the three ways to classify connective tissue?

Answer 23

CT Proper, Supporting CT, and Fluid CT

Question 24

What are the two subcategories of CT Proper?

Answer 24

Loose Connective tissue and Dense Connective Tissue

Question 25

What are the three types of loose connective tissue?

Answer 25

Aerolar, adipose, and reticular

Question 26

What are the three types of dense connective tissue?

Answer 26

regular, irregular, and elastic

Question 27

What are the two subcategories of Supporting CT?

Answer 27

cartilage and bone

Question 28

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 28

Hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic

Question 29

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 29

Compact and spongy

Question 30

What is considered fluid connective tissue?

Answer 30

blood

Question 31

What are resident cells in CT proper?

Answer 31

They stay within the tissue

Question 32

What are wandering cells in CT proper?

Answer 32

They wander out of the cell

Question 33

What are the four resident cells?

Answer 33

Fibroblasts, adipocytes, fixed macrophages, and mesenchymal cells

Question 34

What are fibroblasts?

Answer 34

flat and tapered, produce fiber and ground substance

Question 35

What are adipocytes?

Answer 35

fat cells

Question 36

What are fixed macrophages?

Answer 36

irregular shape, trigger immune response

Question 37

What are mesenchymal cells?

Answer 37

embryonic stem cells

Question 38

what are the four example of wandering cells?

Answer 38

mast cells, plasma cells, free macrophages, and other leukocytes

Question 39

What are mast cells?

Answer 39

granulated, triggers inflammation

Question 40

What are plasma cells?

Answer 40

produce antibodies

Question 41

What are the three types of fibers in CT proper?

Answer 41

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

Question 42

What are collagen fibers?

Answer 42

long, unbranching, flexible and resistant to stretching

Question 43

What is elastic fiber?

Answer 43

Thin, wavy and can stretch/ recoil

Question 44

What is reticular fiber?

Answer 44

thin, forms a meshwork (packing material)

Question 45

What is loose CT?

Answer 45

Low protein fibers, a lot of ground substance

Question 46

What is dense CT?

Answer 46

high protein fibers, low ground substance

Question 47

What are the cells found in cartilage?

Answer 47

Chondrocytes within lacunae

Question 48

What is lacunae?

Answer 48

small spaces within the matrix

Question 49

What is the ECM like in cartilage?

Answer 49

gel-like, with collagen and elastic fibers

Question 50

What are the two characteristics of cartilage?

Answer 50

avascular, and provides support/withstands deformation

Question 51

What cells form bones?

Answer 51

osteocytes

Question 52

What is the ECM like in bone?

Answer 52

solid, mix of collagen and bone salts

Question 53

What is fluid CT?

Answer 53

blood

Question 54

What is bloods function?

Answer 54

Transport waste, nutrients, hormones, etc

Question 55

what five things is blood composed of?

Answer 55

Plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and fibrin

Question 56

What is plasma?

Answer 56

watery ground substance with protein fibers

Question 57

What are erythrocytes?

Answer 57

Red Blood Cells

Question 58

what are leukocytes?

Answer 58

white blood cells

Question 59

What are platelets?

Answer 59

fragment of blood cells

Question 60

what is fibrin?

Answer 60

clotting protein

Question 61

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Answer 61

allows communication and control of body functions

Question 62

What are the two cells within nervous tissue?

Answer 62

neurons and neuroglia

Question 63

What are neurons?

Answer 63

cells capable of initiating and conducting electrical activity

Question 64

What is neuroglia?

Answer 64

cells that support neurons