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Honors Bio > Test 1 - Intro to Biology and Biochemistry > Flashcards

Test 1 - Intro to Biology and Biochemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Intro to Biology

A

Bio meand life

ology means study of

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2
Q

Characteristics of Life

A 
organization
response to stimuli
homeostasis
metabolism
growth and development
reproduction
change through time (genes remain unchanged; change physically)
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3
Q

Themes of Biology

A

Unity and diversity in life
Interdependence of Organisms
evolution of life

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4
Q

Scientific Method

A

Goal was to discover and catalog the creations of our lord during the renaissance period of europe, faith was strong but they sought an explanation, learn about god through nature and creation, today not necessarily the case, wanted standard techniques and procedures

investigate things, acquire knowledge, orderly providing of it

1) Question what do we want ot learn about
2) Research - gather information
3) hypothesis - guess what is happening
4) Procedure - experiment
Data - info collected , #, observations, information collected in words
5) Conclusion

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5
Q

Composition of Matter

A

Matter, mass, weight

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6
Q

Energy

A

Chemical reactants are substances that enter chemical reactions, products are substances produced by chemical reactions

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7
Q

Water and Solutions

A

.

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8
Q

Biochemistry

A

.

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9
Q

Steps of scientific method

A

Question, research, hypothesis, procedure, data, observations, conclusion

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10
Q

Roots of scientific method

A

Aistotle, ibn alhaytham

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11
Q

Organized chaos

A

Seps to the process but accidental discoveries unintended results

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12
Q

Normal standard

A

Control

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13
Q

Experimental

A

Variable changed

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14
Q

Independent ->

A

Dependent

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15
Q

Action->

A

Reaction

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16
Q

Matter

A

Occupies space and has mass

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17
Q

Mass

A

Quantity of matter an object has

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18
Q

Weight

A

Amount or quantity of heaviness or mass

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19
Q

Weight is a measure of

A

Mass

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20
Q

States

A

Solid, liquid, gas … addition of energy to a substance can change its state

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21
Q

Physical state and changes, phase change needs 2 factors

A

Heat and pressure, interplay, increase heat need more pressure and increase pressure need more heat there is an interplay

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22
Q

Elements made of a single kind of

A

Atom (like oxygen) . cannot be broken down by chemical means into simpler substances; smallest component of a substance with the characteristics of the substance

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23
Q

Atoms composed of

A

Protons, neutrons and electrons. Nucleus has protons and neutrons, the shell has electrons

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24
Q

Electrons charge is

A

Negative, move around nucleus, orbital

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25
Q

Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neitrons

A

Isotopes - examples are heavy water deuterium nuclear reactors

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26
Q

Formed when two atoms share electrons

A

Covalent bonds

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27
Q

Formed when one atom gives up an electon to another

A

Ionic bond …the positive ion is attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond

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28
Q

In an ionic bond, the positive ion is

A

Then attracted to a negative ion to form the ionic bond

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29
Q

Energy is either absorbed or

A

Released

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30
Q

Absorbed energy

A

Endothermic

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31
Q

Released energy

A

Exothermic

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32
Q

Energy needed to begin a reaction

A

Activation energy

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33
Q

Reduce the needed activation energy

A

Catalysts

34
Q

Chemical reaction where electrons are excahnged between atoms

A

Oxidation reduction reactions

35
Q

What will be on teSt?

A

7 matching, 22 multiple choice, 6 short essay

36
Q

Review chemistry of life chapter in openstac

A

SEE BOOK

37
Q

List 7 characteristics of life

A 
organization
response to stimuli
homeostasis
metabolism
growth and development
reproduction
change through time
38
Q

Molecules with uneven distribution of charge

A

Polar molecules

39
Q

In polar molecules, electrons are shared

A

Unevenly, one end slightly positive, other slitly negative; uneven distribution of charge example water

40
Q

Solubility of water

A

Polarity of water effective dissolver

41
Q

The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom of molecule with a partial or full negative charge

A

Hydrogen bond

42
Q

Attractive forces that hold molecules of a single substance together

A

Cohesion

43
Q

Attractive force between 2 particles of different substances

A

Adhesion

44
Q

Water has the ability to absorb a relatively large amount of molecules

A

Temperature moderation

45
Q

A solution consists of a solute diluted in a

A

Solvent

46
Q

Ionization of water

A

Water ionizes into hydronium ions h3o+ and hydroxide ions oh-

47
Q

Acidic solution

A

More hydronium ions (HCL and H2CO3)

48
Q

Basic solution

A

More hydroxide ions (common bases NaOH and KOH)

49
Q

Scale for comparing relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solutiom

A

Ph scale from 0 to 14

50
Q

Chemicals that neutralize the effects of adding small amounts of either an acid or a base to a solution

A

Buffers

51
Q

All compounds fit into 2 broad categories

A

Organic and inorganic

52
Q

Made of carbon, living in past

A

Organic

53
Q

Noncarbon based, never alive

A

Inorganic

54
Q

Carbon bonding - 4 electrons, want to bond 4 times

A

4 covalent bonds

55
Q

Carbon bonding - often bonds to itself

A

Enormous variety of compounds, variety of shapes but two main catagories organic and inorganic; carbon has 4 electrons. Bonds 4 times in covalent bonds; can be doubled or tripled

56
Q

Functional groups

A

Clusters of atoms in a molecule
Influence its characteristics
Influence chemical reactions molecule undergoes

57
Q

Carbon compound list

A

Carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, lipids

58
Q

Organic compounds made of c h o

A

Carbo hy drates

59
Q

Organic compounds made of c h o n

A

Proteins

60
Q

Biological catalysts made of proteins attach to a substance at active site promotes chemical reactio

A

Enzymes

61
Q

Large, nonpolar molecules made of c h o ex fatty acid, wax, steroid

A

Lipids

62
Q

organization

A

high order within

63
Q

organism parts

A

internal and external

64
Q

example atom, molecule, organelle

A

oxygen, glucose, nucleaus

65
Q

Greek philosopher, 384BC-322 BCT, observation and classification based upon analysis

A

Aristotle

66
Q

965-1039 “truth is sought for its own sake. And those who are engaged upon the quest for anything for its own sake are not interested in anything else”

A

Ibn Al-haytham

67
Q

1794-1866 wrote history and philosophy of inductive science

A

William Whewell

68
Q

1896-1961 careful in analysis, bias, first to recognize this

A

Ludwig Fleck

69
Q

compares control and experimental

A

controlled experiment - ideally one small variable

70
Q

performing the experiment manipulate what

A

the independent variable and measure the dependent variable

71
Q

what kind of essay has an intro, talk about the other side and why they are wrong, why my side is right and has a conclusion

A

argumentative essay

72
Q

to avoid bias, results need to be

A

repeatable

73
Q

way to disprove hypothesis

A

something else unknown
something else possible at work
require time and repeatabilty

74
Q

set of repeated hypothesis confirmed to be true many times includes a great amount of daya

A

theory

75
Q

atoms of 2 elements joined together

A

compound

76
Q

chemical bonds into fixed proportions

A

bonding

77
Q

substances that enter chemical reaction

A

reactants

78
Q

substances produced by chemical reaction

A

substances

79
Q

proteins or RNA speed up metabolic reactions without being permanently changed or destroyed

A

enzymes

80
Q

chemical reaction electrons exchanged between atom; one gives one receives example is rust

A

oxidation/reduction

81
Q

example of hydrogen bonding

A

density of ice, solid water is less dense than liquid shape of h20 and h bonding, most dense at 4 degrees celcius

Honors Bio (20 decks)

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