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Honors Bio > Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cells

A

Basic units of structure and function of all living things, smallest unit of life, all living things made up of

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2
Q

Two major divisions of cells

A

eukaryotic and prokaryotic

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3
Q

cells that lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotic cells

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4
Q

examples of prokaryotes

A

bacteria and related microorganisms

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5
Q

cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

A

eukaryotic cells

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6
Q

examples of eukaryotes

A

animals, plants, fungi, protists

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7
Q

know differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

A

rokaryotes are simple, unicellular organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular; their cells contain a distinct nucleus, as well as functional structures called organelles.

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8
Q

do all cells have the same shape

A

shape reflects function

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9
Q

do all cells have the same size

A

some large some small
limited by surface area
volume increases fast
most cells 1/500 the size of this period ……

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10
Q

what cell structures are common to all cells

A

All cells at their essence have at least three things in common: • Cell membrane. All cells have a phospholipid based cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable in that it allows some materials to pass into or out of the cell but not others.
• Cytoplasm. Cells are filled with a complex collection of of substances in a water based solution. This substance is called cytoplasm. Across all cells there are a number of common features to all cell cytoplasm. For example all cells have ribosomes. Also, in all cells the first steps in cellular respiration take place in the cytoplasm.
• DNA. All cells contain DNA(2). In the simplest cells, the DNA is in one loop more loop like structures free in the cytoplasm. In some cells such as those making up our body the DNA is isolated from the cytoplasm in a special structure called a nucleus. Remember not all cells have a nucleus!

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11
Q

what cell structures are found only in eukaryotic cels

A

nucleus

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12
Q

are nuclei always found in the same place within different types of cells?

A

?

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13
Q

how is the arrangement of cells helpful to an organism

A

?

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14
Q

why do cells have different shapes and sizes

A

shape reflects function

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15
Q

what cell structure is like a school’s main office and why

A

nucleus

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16
Q

what cell structures could you NOT see with a compound light microscope?

A

ribosomes for one

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17
Q

describe methylene blue, neutral red, acetocarmine, COngo red, JAnus green B and Sudan III - what cell structures do each of these stains make more visible

A

?

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18
Q

all living things are made up of

A

one or more cells

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19
Q

basic functioning unit of all living things

A

cells

20
Q

all cells come from

A

preexisiting cells

21
Q

cell theory scientists

A

Hook, Leeuwenhock, Schleiden, Schwann

22
Q

organisms made up of only one cell

A

unicellular

23
Q

examples of unicellular

A

bacteria, protozoa, algae

24
Q

most living things are made up of many cells and called

A

multicellular

25
Q

all plants and animals are

A

multicellular

26
Q

multicellular structure in common contains

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES TOO

27
Q

cheek cells

A

squamous epithelial cells; flat and scale-like; protect and waterproof the body like skin cells; constantly shedding, are dead and replaced continuously; use methylene blue to see nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane

28
Q

identified by rectangular shape

A

plant cells; cells packed closely together

29
Q

shape of plant cell due to

A

rigid cell wall

30
Q

plant cells contain a variety of

A

vacuoles

31
Q

vacuoles store

A

a variety of substances

32
Q

Vacuoles that store starch are

A

leukoplasts

33
Q

tomato skin gets its color from

A

chromoplasts that are vacuoles that store red plant pigment

34
Q

algae does not belong to

A

the Plant Kingdom even though it is able to make its own food through photsynthesis

35
Q

the process by which algae makes food is

A

dependent on the presence of chlorophyll a green pigment stored in chloroplasts

36
Q

Discovered cells, cork (oak tree), little boxes

A

Hooke

37
Q

Microsope, observed cells, animalcules

A

Leeuwenhoek

38
Q

Cell theory

A

All living organisms are made of 1+ cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function
Cells come from preexisting cells

39
Q

Cellular basis of life

A 
All living things
Organized parts
Obtain energy from surroundings
Perform chemical reactions
Change with time
Respond to their environment
Reproduce
40
Q

Cell size

A

Some large, some small,

Limited by a cell’s surface area to volume ratio

41
Q

Plasma volume

A

Sometimes called “cell membrane”, cell’s outer boundary, covers a cell’s surface, barrier between inside and outside cell, stuff can get through

42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Region of cell within a membrane, fluid cytoskeleton, organelles

43
Q

Nucleus

A

Membrane-bound organelle contains DNA

44
Q

studied nature using light microscope with slices of cork saw little green boxes in dead plant cells

A

hooke

45
Q

made microscopes first to observe living cells, animalcules

A

leeuwenhoeck

46
Q

explain cell theory

A 
all living org made up of cells
cells are basic units of structure
cells come from preexisting cells
organized parts
obtain energy from surrounds
perform chemical reactions
change with time
respond to environment
reproduce

Honors Bio (20 decks)

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