Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Cells
Basic units of structure and function of all living things, smallest unit of life, all living things made up of
Two major divisions of cells
eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cells that lack nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotic cells
examples of prokaryotes
bacteria and related microorganisms
cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
eukaryotic cells
examples of eukaryotes
animals, plants, fungi, protists
know differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
rokaryotes are simple, unicellular organisms whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular; their cells contain a distinct nucleus, as well as functional structures called organelles.
do all cells have the same shape
shape reflects function
do all cells have the same size
some large some small
limited by surface area
volume increases fast
most cells 1/500 the size of this period ……
what cell structures are common to all cells
All cells at their essence have at least three things in common: • Cell membrane. All cells have a phospholipid based cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable in that it allows some materials to pass into or out of the cell but not others.
• Cytoplasm. Cells are filled with a complex collection of of substances in a water based solution. This substance is called cytoplasm. Across all cells there are a number of common features to all cell cytoplasm. For example all cells have ribosomes. Also, in all cells the first steps in cellular respiration take place in the cytoplasm.
• DNA. All cells contain DNA(2). In the simplest cells, the DNA is in one loop more loop like structures free in the cytoplasm. In some cells such as those making up our body the DNA is isolated from the cytoplasm in a special structure called a nucleus. Remember not all cells have a nucleus!
what cell structures are found only in eukaryotic cels
nucleus
are nuclei always found in the same place within different types of cells?
?
how is the arrangement of cells helpful to an organism
?
why do cells have different shapes and sizes
shape reflects function
what cell structure is like a school’s main office and why
nucleus
what cell structures could you NOT see with a compound light microscope?
ribosomes for one
describe methylene blue, neutral red, acetocarmine, COngo red, JAnus green B and Sudan III - what cell structures do each of these stains make more visible
?
all living things are made up of
one or more cells
basic functioning unit of all living things
cells
all cells come from
preexisiting cells
cell theory scientists
Hook, Leeuwenhock, Schleiden, Schwann
organisms made up of only one cell
unicellular
examples of unicellular
bacteria, protozoa, algae
most living things are made up of many cells and called
multicellular
all plants and animals are
multicellular
multicellular structure in common contains
nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane BUT THERE ARE SEVERAL IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES TOO
cheek cells
squamous epithelial cells; flat and scale-like; protect and waterproof the body like skin cells; constantly shedding, are dead and replaced continuously; use methylene blue to see nucleus, cytoplasm and cell membrane
identified by rectangular shape
plant cells; cells packed closely together
shape of plant cell due to
rigid cell wall
plant cells contain a variety of
vacuoles
vacuoles store
a variety of substances
Vacuoles that store starch are
leukoplasts
tomato skin gets its color from
chromoplasts that are vacuoles that store red plant pigment
algae does not belong to
the Plant Kingdom even though it is able to make its own food through photsynthesis
the process by which algae makes food is
dependent on the presence of chlorophyll a green pigment stored in chloroplasts
Discovered cells, cork (oak tree), little boxes
Hooke
Microsope, observed cells, animalcules
Leeuwenhoek
Cell theory
All living organisms are made of 1+ cells
Cells are the basic units of structure and function
Cells come from preexisting cells
Cellular basis of life
All living things Organized parts Obtain energy from surroundings Perform chemical reactions Change with time Respond to their environment Reproduce
Cell size
Some large, some small,
Limited by a cell’s surface area to volume ratio
Plasma volume
Sometimes called “cell membrane”, cell’s outer boundary, covers a cell’s surface, barrier between inside and outside cell, stuff can get through
Cytoplasm
Region of cell within a membrane, fluid cytoskeleton, organelles
Nucleus
Membrane-bound organelle contains DNA
studied nature using light microscope with slices of cork saw little green boxes in dead plant cells
hooke
made microscopes first to observe living cells, animalcules
leeuwenhoeck
explain cell theory
all living org made up of cells cells are basic units of structure cells come from preexisting cells organized parts obtain energy from surrounds perform chemical reactions change with time respond to environment reproduce
