Photoynthesis Test Flashcards
autotroph
PRODUCE OWN FOOD, sunlight or chemical bond, photosynthesis, chemosynthesis
Heterotroph
Energy from food
autotroph vs. heterotroph
Produce food vs, get energy from food
photosynthesis
Autotrophs, base of terrestrial, aquatic food webs, - included plants, algae, plankton, coral….except for chemiosynthetic organisms
light reactions
water splitting, photosystem 2, photosystem 1, ATP synthesis …. Light energy results in chemical energy span the thylakoid membrane
water splitting
?
photosystem 2
Photosystems are pigments embedded in proteins in the thlyakoid membrane, in system two, energy is passed to chlorphyll a and is excited then leaves chlorophyll a to the primary electron receptor then donates electrons to electon transport chain
as electrons move they lose energy
photosystem 1
Only difference from ps2
Electrons + protons + nadp
-> nadph
atp synthesis
?
calvin cycle
?
alternative pathways
c4 plants, CAM plants
C4 plants
Plants in hot dry climates, fix c through the c4 pathway, stomata partially closed during hittest part of the day, prevent water loss, enzyme fix CO2 into 4c compounds, calvin cycle ensues even when co2 levelis low, o2 level high—-converts CO2 into C4. Keeps stomata partially closed to keep water in.
CAM plants
SOME plants in hot dry climates c fixation at night, minimize water loss; used by plants in hot climates. Process done at night.
environmental factors
temp, light, CO2
Organelles involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Chloroplast, mitochondria
Photosynthesis
Chlorplast, glucose, oxygen
Cellular respiration
Mitochondria, atp, water, co2
Photsynthesis is a how many stage process
Light reactions and calvin cycle
Light reactions
Light energy-> chemical energy atp nadph
occur in thylakoid membrane
Calvin cycle
Chemical energy atp nadph -> organic compounds
occurs in stroma
Equation of photosynthesis
6co2+ 6h2o _light energy -> c6h12o6 + 6o2
Capturing light energy
Chloroplast light reactions Plants, bacteria, algae Pigments (chlorophyll a & b) White light - all colors visible spectrum Pigments either absorb or reflect
Chloroplast pigments are where
Locate in membranes of thylakoid
Examples of chloroplast pigments
Chlorophylls and carotenoids; pigments in proteins are chlorophyll
Replacing electrons in ps2
Ps2 splitting of water molecules, oxygen diffuses out, h+ remain, electron to etc
Replacing electrons in ps1
Electrons from ps2 to ps1
Light reactions
H2o split, ps2, ps1, atp synthesis (adp plus phosphate)
Making atp
Chemiosmosis, movement of protons through Atp, synthase into the stroma -> energy -> used yo produce atp
Calvin cycle
Light reactions made atp and nadph, drive 2nd stage of photsynthesis, co2 INCORPORATED into organic compounds in STROMA of chloroplast, series of enzyme assisted chemical reactions, produces a three carbon sugar, converted to 5c sugar (rubp) keep cycle operating, organic compound acts as energy storage
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Light, co2, h2o, temperature - as temp increases the rate of photosynthesis increases to a point and then decreases
chemosynthesis
Most life on Earth is dependent upon photosynthesis, the process by which plants make energy from sunlight. However, at HYDROTHERMAL VENTS in the deep ocean a unique ecosystem has evolved in the absense of sunlight, and its source of energy is completely different: chemosynthesis.
OIL RIG
OXIDATION is loss, REDUCTION IS GAIN
biological reaction series
aka biological pathways (cellular respiration and photosynthesis)
as light increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases and then holds steady
as carbon dioxide increases, the rate of potosynthesis
increases and then hold steady
as temp increases, the rate of photosynthesis
increases to a point and then decreases
chloroplast
membrane, stroma, thylakoid, lumen, grana know all parts
photosynthesis
light reactions and calvin cycle
light reactions
IN sunlight
OUT PS2 light excites electrons
OUT PS1 electrons make NADPH
OUT ATP Synthases ATO
4 main processes in light reaction cycle
PSI, PS2, ATP Synthase and water splitting
Calvin Cycle
IN 3 6carbon compounds (NADPH + ATP)
OUT 3 6carbon compounds (ADP and NADP+)
one makes a sugar and the others go back into the cycle when fused with CO2
Photosystem 2
light enters the pigments and excites electrons
that move into the primary electron receptor
they continue into the electron transfer
and protons go out the thylakoid membrane
Photosystem 1
takes electrons from PSII
adds more electrons get excited
in pigments they charge the NADP+
until it becomes NADPH
ATP synthase
in ATP synthesis, the energy from the electrons is used to combine ADP and P+ to create ATP
water splitting
uses light energy to break up H2O.
Oxygen diffuses OUT
H is stored for energy
and is moved out into the lower concentration of H in thylakoid space
