Test 1 - Hyphomicrobium facilis

Question 1

Hyphomicrobium facilis is Gram +/-?

Answer 1

Gram -

Question 2

What is Hyphomicrobium facilis’ organization in terms of flagella? Mono or Pleomorphic?

Answer 2

Polar monotrichous. Pleomorphic– the flagella does not stay for its whole lifetime.

Question 3

Is it an aerobe or an anaerobe? What metabolism does it perform?

Answer 3

Strict aerobe, means methylosis and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 4

Does it prefer gloycolysis or methylosis?

Answer 4

Methylosis

Question 5

What are Hyphomicrobium facilis’ food source?

Answer 5

1. Methanol
2. Formic Acid
3. Formaldehyde

Question 6

Explain the flow of phosphate in glycolysis. Remember to include NADH and ATP in explanation.

Answer 6

1. Glucose (6 C) –> 1,6 Biphosphate (6 C, 2 P) with 2 ATP usage; Phosphate comes from ATP
2. 1,6 Biphosphate (6 C, 2 P) –> 2 glyceraldehyde- 3 Phosphate (6 C, 2 P); Split
3. 2 Glyceraldehyde-3 Phosphate (3 C, 2 P) –> 2 1,3-biphosphate (3 C, 4 P); 2 Phosphate comes from cytosol (!!!!) while 2 P is also used in NAD+ to form NADH. This step is missing enzymes, so it seems counterintuitive.
4. 2 1,3-biphosphate (3 C, 4 P) –> 2 Pyruvate (3 C) as 4 ADP molecules steal the 4 P from biphosphate to create 4 ATP.

Question 7

Explain methylosis with methanol/CH3OH. Oxidation or reduction of methanol? Of NAD+/NADH? Remember to include NADH and ATP in explanation.

Answer 7

OXIDATION of methanol, reduction of NAD+.
1. CH3OH oxidized with 2 NAD+ to form CH2O
2. CH2O oxidized with 2 NAD+ to form HCOOH
3. HCOOH oxidized with 2 NAD+ to form CO2
NO ATP PRODUCED.

Question 8

Why does Hyphomicrobium prefer methylosis despite the lack of ATP production?

Answer 8

1 C compounds more common than 6 C compounds in fresh and salt H2O, where there are poor nutrients.

Question 9

Does Hypomicrobium facilis grow? How?

Answer 9

Yes, in preparation of cell division through hyphalelongation.

Question 10

Explain hyphal extension in terms of hyphal, 1n/2n, and bud.

Answer 10

1. Hyphal (elongation) appears
2. 1n –> 2n
3. Chromosome moves to end of hyphal.
4. Bud appears at end of hyphal.
5. Septum and flagellum at the end of bud forms.
6. Hyphalated parent cell may reproduce more, or revert to regular stat.

Question 11

Why does the extension have flagellum?

Answer 11

To avoid competing with parent for nutrient after forming.

Question 12

What do we know/can speculate about Hypomicrobium facilis’ taxis?

Answer 12

1. It can chemotax toward methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine.
2. It is believed to have 2 component system.