Test 1 - Basis of Life

Question 1

In terms of Gibb’s Free Energy Equation (Give this equation), explain what happens when bacteria grows.

Answer 1

∆G = ∆H - T∆S; When organism grows, ∆S < 0. Hence, ∆H&raquo_space; 0, or energy must be released (bond broken) to maintain ∆G < 0.

Question 2

∆H&raquo_space; 0 comes from…

Answer 2

ATP catabolism of 2 phosphate bonds.

Question 3

What is the equation for population in relation to time?

Answer 3

Nt = No x 2^n, where n is the # generation.

Question 4

What does growth curve look like with unlimited resources?

Answer 4

Exponential

Question 5

What does growth curve look like with finite resources? Name the 4 phases.

Answer 5

Sigmoid with a droop.

1. Log Phase
2. Exponential Phase
3. Stationary Phase
4. Death Phase.

Question 6

Explain what happens in the 4 phases of finite growth curve. Talk in terms of adaptation.

Answer 6

1. Log Phase: detecting environment, and making metabolic changes (∆gene transcription)
2. Exponential Phase: cells growing at full speed, fully adapted.
3. Stationary Phase: Equilibrium b/c no nutrients and too much waste products.
4. Death Phase: Death > Birth

Question 7

All organisms’ metabolism geared toward ….

Answer 7

exploiting the environment.