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4th Semester: Clin Path > Test 1: Example Questions Deck 2 > Flashcards

Test 1: Example Questions Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a red flag for agglutination on your CBC?

A

An MCV over 90

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2
Q

High bilirubin + high ALP (alk phos) =

A

Bile duct obstruction

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3
Q

Spherocytes are MOST indicative of IMHA, especially in a dog, but what do spherocytes indicate in a horse?

What other reasons could cause spherocytosis?

A

Horse: Clostridial infections

Rattle snake envenomation

Zinc toxicosis

Incompatible blood transfusions

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4
Q

What is Band 3 and what happens if it is absent?

A
  • A protein that exchanges bicarb ion for chloride ion*
  • in RBCs, important for maintaining cell shape*

If absent= Spherocytosis and Hemolytic anemia

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5
Q

What are the two erythrocyte parasites that cause

intravascular hemolysis?

A
  • Babesia*
  • Thieleria*
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6
Q

What is a common serious cause of

severe anemia in cats

especially if predisposed via immunosuppression

or splenectomy

A

Mycoplasma haemofelis

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7
Q

What is a cause of severe anemia in piglets

and is associated with poor weight gain in

adult pigs?

A

Mycoplasma Haemosuis

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8
Q

What is a very common tick borne rickettsial infection

of ruminants found worldwide that can cause

fatal hemolytic anemia, especially in old animals

A

Anaplasmosis

immune-mediated destruction of RBCs

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9
Q

This hemoprotozoan parasite is important in

US dogs east of the Mississippi

and can cause severe disease and hemolytic anemia.

Dogs that survive are chronic carriers.

A

Babesia gibsoni

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10
Q

This protozoan parasite of cats has an RBC phase

as a piroplasm, and a tissue phase as schizonts inside

macrophages. It is tickborne and

almost always fatal

A

Cytauxzoonosis

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11
Q

What species is MOST susceptible to Heinz bodies?

A

CATS

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of

blood destruction in a dog?

A

IMHA

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13
Q

90% of dogs with IMHA also have

________ leukograms

A

inflammatory

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14
Q

What is Evan’s Syndrome?

A

Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

+

IMHA

IMTP + IMHA = Evan’s

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15
Q

What is the hallmark of iron-deficiency anemia?

A

Low MCV

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16
Q

Immature neutrophils are indicative of

A

INFLAMMATION

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17
Q

What is the most common kind

of non-regenerative anemia seen

in domestic animals?

A

Anemia of Inflammatory Disease

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18
Q

What cells are made in the bone marrow?

A

RBCs

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Platelets

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19
Q

What can cause a generalized bone marrow

production problem?

(Decreased RBCs, Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Platelets)

A

Leukemia

or

Ehrlichia canis

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20
Q

What can cause an artificial increase in plasma

protein by refractometry?

A

Lipemia

Urea

Glucose

Cholesterol

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21
Q

________ platelets per oil immersion field is normal

A

6 - 10

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22
Q

What can cause an erroneously high MCHC

reading?

A

Hemolysis

Lipemia

Heinz bodies present

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23
Q

Reticulocytes are _______ when stained

with Wright’s stain

A

polychromatic

24
Q

50% of patients with iron-deficiency anemia

have an increase in ________ count

A

platelet

“thrombocytosis”

25
Q

What is the most important shape change of RBCs

in a dog?

A

Spherocytes

IMHA indicative

26
Q

Polychromasia (the blue coloration of young RBCs)

is due to what 3 things?

A

Blood Loss

Blood Destruction

Recovering Bone Marrow

27
Q

T/F:

Echinocytes can be seen in non-specific diseases like

Kidney disease

A

TRUE

28
Q

What is the erythrocyte maturation sequence?

A

Rubriblast–Prorubricyte–Rubricyte–Metarubricyte

29
Q

Acute anemia, like hit by car animal, will be very weak at a

higher ___

than if chronic anemia

A

PCV

30
Q

Splenomegaly

Icterus

Hemoglobinuria

are all clinical signs associated with

A

Blood destruction

31
Q

In adults, iron deficiency anemia

is ALWAYS caused by ______

A

chronic blood loss

32
Q

A cat with 0 reticulocytes but a

MACROcytic anemia

is most likely due to

A

FeLV!!!

33
Q

What is a “Left Shift”?

A

INCREASED Bands

34
Q

What are the most common causes of

chronic blood loss (iron-def anemia)

in an adult animal?

A

Loss via INTESTINE!

GI Ulcer

Bleeding GI tumor

Blood-consuming parasites

35
Q

Iron-deficiency anemia is usually

regenerative unless concurrent with

A

AID- Anemia of Inflamm Dz

36
Q

Microcytic anemia + low storage iron=

A

Iron-def anemia

37
Q

Which dog breeds have smaller RBCs?

(Microcytosis)

A

Akita

Chow

Shiba Inu

38
Q

What do you need to see for an Inflammatory

Leukogram?

A

Increased BANDS

Increased SEGS

39
Q

What do you need to see for a

Stress Leukogram?

A

DECREASED Lymphs

40
Q

What is the most common cause of iron-deficiency

anemia in an OLD CAT?

A

ADENOCARCINOMA

(bleeding GI tumor)

41
Q

Which neoplasia is notorious for causing IMHA?

A

Lymphoma

42
Q

The leukogram for IMHA is always

__________

A

inflammatory!!

43
Q

What is used to treat IMHA?

A

Glucocorticosteroids

44
Q

What can cause an erroneously low

platelet count or WBC count?

A

Tissue contamination

or

Traumatic phlebotomy

45
Q

Which phase contains the most common source of error?

A

Pre-analytical phase

46
Q

If JUST Band neutrophils are increased

(neutropenia of the others)

A

MORE SEVERE INFLAMM

47
Q

If Bands > Segs

prognosis is _______

A

POOR

48
Q

What microorganisms can be found in the bone marrow?

A
  • Histoplasma capsulatum*
  • Toxoplasma*
  • Leishmania*
  • Babesia*
49
Q

1/3 of platelet mass is in the

A

SPLEEN

50
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets and which

species has a shorter platelet lifespan?

A

Usually 5 - 10 days

but shorter in cats

51
Q

How long does it take between

Megakaryoblast–>Megakaryocyte–>Platelet release?

A

4 -5 days

52
Q

Decreased platelets = _______ thrombopoietin

A

INCREASED

53
Q

What does increased thrombopoietin do

to megakaryocytes?

A

Inc. TPO=

Increased #, size, and ploidy of megakaryocytes

and

Decreased maturation time of Mkaryocytes

54
Q

Spontaneous hemorrhage seen when

platelet levels get below

A

BELOW 20,000

55
Q

A bleeding test can be prolonged for what two reasons?

A

Decreased platelet function

or

Decreased platelet numbers

4th Semester: Clin Path (5 decks)

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