Test 1: Example Questions Deck 2 Flashcards
What is a red flag for agglutination on your CBC?
An MCV over 90
High bilirubin + high ALP (alk phos) =
Bile duct obstruction
Spherocytes are MOST indicative of IMHA, especially in a dog, but what do spherocytes indicate in a horse?
What other reasons could cause spherocytosis?
Horse: Clostridial infections
Rattle snake envenomation
Zinc toxicosis
Incompatible blood transfusions
What is Band 3 and what happens if it is absent?
- A protein that exchanges bicarb ion for chloride ion*
- in RBCs, important for maintaining cell shape*
If absent= Spherocytosis and Hemolytic anemia
What are the two erythrocyte parasites that cause
intravascular hemolysis?
- Babesia*
- Thieleria*
What is a common serious cause of
severe anemia in cats
especially if predisposed via immunosuppression
or splenectomy
Mycoplasma haemofelis
What is a cause of severe anemia in piglets
and is associated with poor weight gain in
adult pigs?
Mycoplasma Haemosuis
What is a very common tick borne rickettsial infection
of ruminants found worldwide that can cause
fatal hemolytic anemia, especially in old animals
Anaplasmosis
immune-mediated destruction of RBCs
This hemoprotozoan parasite is important in
US dogs east of the Mississippi
and can cause severe disease and hemolytic anemia.
Dogs that survive are chronic carriers.
Babesia gibsoni
This protozoan parasite of cats has an RBC phase
as a piroplasm, and a tissue phase as schizonts inside
macrophages. It is tickborne and
almost always fatal
Cytauxzoonosis
What species is MOST susceptible to Heinz bodies?
CATS
What is the most common cause of
blood destruction in a dog?
IMHA
90% of dogs with IMHA also have
________ leukograms
inflammatory
What is Evan’s Syndrome?
Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia
+
IMHA
IMTP + IMHA = Evan’s
What is the hallmark of iron-deficiency anemia?
Low MCV
Immature neutrophils are indicative of
INFLAMMATION
What is the most common kind
of non-regenerative anemia seen
in domestic animals?
Anemia of Inflammatory Disease
What cells are made in the bone marrow?
RBCs
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Platelets
What can cause a generalized bone marrow
production problem?
(Decreased RBCs, Neutrophils, Monocytes, and Platelets)
Leukemia
or
Ehrlichia canis
What can cause an artificial increase in plasma
protein by refractometry?
Lipemia
Urea
Glucose
Cholesterol
________ platelets per oil immersion field is normal
6 - 10
What can cause an erroneously high MCHC
reading?
Hemolysis
Lipemia
Heinz bodies present
Reticulocytes are _______ when stained
with Wright’s stain
polychromatic
50% of patients with iron-deficiency anemia
have an increase in ________ count
platelet
“thrombocytosis”
What is the most important shape change of RBCs
in a dog?
Spherocytes
IMHA indicative
Polychromasia (the blue coloration of young RBCs)
is due to what 3 things?
Blood Loss
Blood Destruction
Recovering Bone Marrow
T/F:
Echinocytes can be seen in non-specific diseases like
Kidney disease
TRUE
What is the erythrocyte maturation sequence?
Rubriblast–Prorubricyte–Rubricyte–Metarubricyte
Acute anemia, like hit by car animal, will be very weak at a
higher ___
than if chronic anemia
PCV
Splenomegaly
Icterus
Hemoglobinuria
are all clinical signs associated with
Blood destruction
In adults, iron deficiency anemia
is ALWAYS caused by ______
chronic blood loss
A cat with 0 reticulocytes but a
MACROcytic anemia
is most likely due to
FeLV!!!
What is a “Left Shift”?
INCREASED Bands
What are the most common causes of
chronic blood loss (iron-def anemia)
in an adult animal?
Loss via INTESTINE!
GI Ulcer
Bleeding GI tumor
Blood-consuming parasites
Iron-deficiency anemia is usually
regenerative unless concurrent with
AID- Anemia of Inflamm Dz
Microcytic anemia + low storage iron=
Iron-def anemia
Which dog breeds have smaller RBCs?
(Microcytosis)
Akita
Chow
Shiba Inu
What do you need to see for an Inflammatory
Leukogram?
Increased BANDS
Increased SEGS
What do you need to see for a
Stress Leukogram?
DECREASED Lymphs
What is the most common cause of iron-deficiency
anemia in an OLD CAT?
ADENOCARCINOMA
(bleeding GI tumor)
Which neoplasia is notorious for causing IMHA?
Lymphoma
The leukogram for IMHA is always
__________
inflammatory!!
What is used to treat IMHA?
Glucocorticosteroids
What can cause an erroneously low
platelet count or WBC count?
Tissue contamination
or
Traumatic phlebotomy
Which phase contains the most common source of error?
Pre-analytical phase
If JUST Band neutrophils are increased
(neutropenia of the others)
MORE SEVERE INFLAMM
If Bands > Segs
prognosis is _______
POOR
What microorganisms can be found in the bone marrow?
- Histoplasma capsulatum*
- Toxoplasma*
- Leishmania*
- Babesia*
1/3 of platelet mass is in the
SPLEEN
What is the lifespan of platelets and which
species has a shorter platelet lifespan?
Usually 5 - 10 days
but shorter in cats
How long does it take between
Megakaryoblast–>Megakaryocyte–>Platelet release?
4 -5 days
Decreased platelets = _______ thrombopoietin
INCREASED
What does increased thrombopoietin do
to megakaryocytes?
Inc. TPO=
Increased #, size, and ploidy of megakaryocytes
and
Decreased maturation time of Mkaryocytes
Spontaneous hemorrhage seen when
platelet levels get below
BELOW 20,000
A bleeding test can be prolonged for what two reasons?
Decreased platelet function
or
Decreased platelet numbers
