Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Freshman (semester 1) > Test 1 Chemistry 116 > Flashcards

Test 1 Chemistry 116 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

A substance that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

States of Matter

A

Solid, liquid, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mixture (homogenous, heterogeneous)

A

Matter containing more than one type of atom, molecule, etc.

Homogenous: uniform consistency
Heterogenous: non-uniform consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Scientific Method

A
  1. Question
  2. Research
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Experiment
  5. Data Analysis
  6. Conclusion
  7. Communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Theory v.s. Law

A

Theory: Tested, unifying statement explaining a series of observations

Law: Conceptual or mathematical statement about what is observed in nature (fact)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Accuracy v.s. Precision

A

Accuracy: how close results how to a known

Precision: how close results are to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sig Fig +/- Rule

A

Answer has the amount of decimal points as the number with the fewest decimal places

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sig Fig x/div Rule

A

Answer has the amount of sig figs as the number with the fewest sig figs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

SI Units for mass, length, volume, and temperature

A

kg, m, m^3 (L), kelvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fahrenheit Formula

A

F= (9/5 C) +32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Celsius Formula

A

C= (5/9)(F - 32)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Kelvin Formula

A

K= C+273.15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SI Prefix- Mega (M)

A

10^6 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SI Prefix- Kilo (k)

A

10^3 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SI Prefix- Deci (d)

A

10^-1 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SI Prefix- Centi (c)

A

10^-2 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SI Prefix- Milli (m)

A

10^-3 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SI Prefix- Micro (u)

A

10^-6 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SI Prefix- Nano (n)

A

10^-9 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

SI Prefix- Pico (p)

A

10^-12 from m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Solids have a ___ shape and are not appreciable ___

A

definite, compressible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If matter is uniform throughout, cannot be separated by physical processes but can be decomposed into other substances by chemical processes, it’s called___

A

Compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Initial tentative explanation of an observation

A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

One degree of temperature difference is smallest on the __ scale.

A

Fahrenheit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Freezing point at
C-
F-
K-

A

0, 32, 273.15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Dalton’s Postulates

A
  1. Elements are composed of small particles known as atoms
  2. All atoms of given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties (and vice versa)
  3. Atoms of an element cannot change into atoms of another element
  4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter

A

The mass of the products= mass of the reactants

Matter is neither created or destroyed (minus nuke reactions)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions

A

When elements combine, they do so in a ratio of small whole numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Who discovered the Law of Multiple Proportions

A

Dalton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Matter

A

Any substance that has mass and occupies space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Atoms

A

The fundamental building blocks of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Types of Mixtures

A

Homogenous: uniform comp. ex: saltwater, sugar water

Heterogenous: non-uniform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Types of Pure Substances

A

Compound: can be chemically decomposed

Element: can’t be chemical decomposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Initial/tentative explanation of an observation

A

Hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

SI units for mass, length, volume, temperature

A

kg, m, m^3 (L), Kelvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Celsius Equation

A

C= (5/9)(F-32)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Fahrenheit Equation

A

F= (9/5C)+32

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Kelvin Equation

A

K= C+273.15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

SI Prefix - Mega

A

10^6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

SI Prefix - Kilo

A

10^3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

SI Prefix - Deci

A

10^-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

SI Prefix - Centi

A

10^-2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

SI Prefix - Milli

A

10^-3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

SI Prefix - Micro

A

10^-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

SI Prefix - Nano

A

10^-9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

SI Prefix - Pico

A

10^-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Solids have a ___ shape and are not appreciably ___

A

definite, compressible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Dalton Postulates

A
  1. Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms
  2. All atoms of a given element are identical to one another in mass and other properties
  3. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical reactions; atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions
  4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Law of Conservation of Matter: who and what

A

Lavoisier

The mass of the products is the same as the reactants (matter is neither created nor destroyed but nuclear reactions are different, we don’t look at those)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Law of Multiple Proportions: who and what

A

Dalton

When elements combine, they combine in a ratio of small whole numbers. If two elements can form more than one compound, the ratios of the weight of one element to the weight of the other are small whole numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Law of Definite Proportions: who and what

A

Proust

The same compound will always be comprised of its constituent elements in the same proportion by mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

J. J. Thomson’s Experiment, what did he suggest

A

Cathode ray experiment, discovered electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Robert Millikan’s Experiment, what did he suggest

A

Oil Drop Experiment, calculated the charge of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Ernest Rutherford Experiment, what did he suggest?

A

Gold foil experiment (shot alpha positive particles into gold) , discovered the nucleus AND the nuclear model of the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Plum Pudding Model, who and what?

A

Thomson

Positive charge space with electrons (wrong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Nuclear Model

A

Nucleus with protons and neutrons, electrons were surrounding it (wrong)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

James Chadwick

A

Neutron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Radioactivity, who?

A

Becquerel

Spontaneous emission of radiation by an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Who discovered there were 3 types of radiation, what are they?

A

Rutherford

Alpha (+)
Beta (-)
Gamma (neutral)

62
Q

Atomic number

63
Q

Isoelectronic series

A

Elements with the same number of electrons

64
Q

Isotope

A

Same element, different amount of neutrons

65
Q

Allotropes

A

Multiple forms in which an element can exist

ex: carbon is graphite and diamond, only difference is the structure

66
Q

7 diatomic molecules

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, I2, C2,Br2

HAVE
NO
FEAR
OF
ICE
COLD
BEER

67
Q

Who do we credit for the modern periodic table?

68
Q

Metals characteristics

A

-Malleable
-Ductile
-Shiny
-Great conductors
-High melting and boiling points

69
Q

Nonmetal characteristics

A

Opposite of metals

70
Q

Alkali Metals, group and characteristics

A

1A; soft, dull metals, REACT VIOLENTLY WITH WATER AND MORE AS U GO DOWN

71
Q

Alkaline Earth Metals, group and characteristics

A

2A; harder than 1A, react less violently to water

72
Q

Halogen, group and characteristics

A

7A; naturally occur diatonically and VERY

73
Q

Noble gases, group and characteristics

A

8A, colorless, monoatomic, inert, unreactive

74
Q

Pair of substances that can be used to illustrate the Law of Multiple Proportions

A

H2O and CO2

75
Q

What charge does zinc make?

76
Q

What charge does Silver (Ag) make?

77
Q

1 in to cm

78
Q

Group 6A is known as

79
Q

Al

80
Q

Ar

81
Q

Ba

82
Q

As

83
Q

B

84
Q

Cd

85
Q

Ca

86
Q

C

87
Q

Cl

88
Q

Cr

89
Q

Co

90
Q

Cu

91
Q

F

92
Q

Au

93
Q

H

93
Q

He

94
Q

I

95
Q

Fe

96
Q

Kr

97
Q

Pb

98
Q

Li

99
Q

Mg

100
Q

Mn

101
Q

Hg

102
Q

Ne

103
Q

Ni

104
Q

N

105
Q

O

106
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

107
Q

K

108
Q

Sc

109
Q

Se

110
Q

Si

111
Q

Ag

112
Q

Na

113
Q

Sr

114
Q

S

115
Q

Sn

116
Q

Ti

117
Q

V

118
Q

Zn

119
Q

Xe

120
Q

When naming an ionic compound, monoatomic anions use the ending __

121
Q

Metal + Nonmetal = ionic and what ending

122
Q

Metal (with cation charge) + Nonmetal has what ending

123
Q

Metal (____) + Polyatomic Ion

A

Cation charge

124
Q

All ionic compounds are crystalline solids with ___ melting points.

125
Q

Covalent bonds are formed between 2 ___

126
Q

Covalent compounds can be ___, ____, or ___ at room temperature

A

solids, liquids, gases

127
Q

In a binary covalent compound, the ___ electronegative atom is usually listed first.

128
Q

In a covalent compound, the prefix ___ is not used on the first element listed.

129
Q

Binary acids consist of __ + nonmetal

130
Q

In a binary acid, ___ in listed first in the formula

131
Q

Binary Acid:
Hydrogen + anion+ ___ acid

132
Q

An oxyacid is a Hydrogen + ____

A

Polyatomic Anion

133
Q

When naming an oxyacid, hydrogen is listed first in the formula and you can/can’t have more than one hydrogen

134
Q

For oxyacids, -ite is changed to ___ and -ate is changed to __

135
Q

What are the 7 strong acids

A

Hydrochloric Acid - HCl
Hydrobromic Acid - HBr
Hydroiodic Acid - HI
Chloric Acid - HClO4
Perchloric Acid - HClO4
Nitric Acid - HNO3
Sulfuric Acid - H2SO4

136
Q

Acetic Acid formula

137
Q

Phosphoric Acid formula

138
Q

Chlorous Acid formula

139
Q

Hypochlorous Acid formula

140
Q

least O - ___
less O - ___
more O - ___
most O - ___

A

hypo- + -ite
-ite
-ate
per- + -ate

141
Q

Linear alkane means there is only ___ and ___ in the formula

A

Carbon and hydrogen

142
Q

How to find the number of carbon and hydrogen in a linear alkane?

A

C(x) H (2x+2)

143
Q

Linear Alkane: prefix - ___

144
Q

Prefix from 1-10 for Linear Alkanes

A

1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex
7- hept
8- oct
9- non
10- dec

145
Q

Functional Groups, what are they?
COOH- ___
NH2- ___
OH- ___

A

Carboxylic group
Amino group
Hydroxyl group (different than OH-)

146
Q

Molar mass of a compound is the sum of ___

A

atomic masses of each atom in the compound

147
Q

Mass Percent Formula

A

[(Mass of part)/ (Mass of whole)] *100

148
Q

Three steps to finding the empirical formula

A
  1. Determine the mass (g) of each element from mass % (assuming you have a 100g sample)
  2. Convert the mass of each element to moles and use the atomic mass of each element as the conversion factor
  3. Divide all the moles by the smallest number of moles
149
Q

When finding the empirical formula, you can round the number up moles to the nearest whole number when they are within ___ of a whole number.

150
Q

When a metal and nonmetal react, the __ tends to lose electrons and the ___ tends to gain electrons.

A

metal, nonmetal

151
Q

Ionic compounds with waters of hydration are named as ___

A

“ionic compound” prefix-hydrate

Freshman (semester 1) (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions